Kotovnik ganye ne mai tsiro tare da kyawawan furanni, ƙanshi mai ban sha'awa da kaddarorin da yawa masu amfani. Tana cikin gidan Labretaceae (Lamiaceae) kuma ta yaɗu ko'ina cikin Arewacin Hemisphere. Kamshin kamfani yana jan hankalin kuliyoyi, saboda haka ana kiranta "catnip." Baya ga wannan suna, a yankuna daban-daban ana kiranta "mara lamba", "balsam filin", "ciyawa mai zafi" ko "matoshnik". A cikin yanayin halitta, gandun daji ya fi son makiyaya, gandun daji masu haske da tsaunin tuddai. Yana bada rance da kyau don namowa kuma ya zama kyakkyawan tsari na maƙarƙashiya.
Bayanin Botanical
Kotovnik yana da tsari mai inganci, wanda aka yiwa lakabi da rhizome. A saman ƙasa akwai ƙazantacciyar ƙaya tare da tafiyar matakai a kaikaice. Otsan buɗe ido suna da madaidaicin ko siffar masauki. Daji zai iya yin girma 25-100 cm a tsayi. A kara da petioles akwai mai yawa pubescence. Ganyayyaki masu kyau Su ne m ko kuma zuciya-dimbin yawa zuciya tare da serrated gefe.
A tsakiyar Yuni, karye inflorescences Bloom a ƙarshen da harbe. Asymmetric buds ana fentin cikin lilac, purple ko fari. M alamu da jikunan kwayoyi suna nan akan fatarwa da lebe. Bayan pollination na furanni, 'ya'yan itãcen sun haɗu - kwalaye iri. Kowane yana dauke da kwayoyi masu zagaye tare da laushi mai laushi. Idan, bayan fure, an sassaka karnukan, to a ƙarshen watan Agusta za a sake samun raha na fure na biyu.
A lokacin girma da furanni, ana ba da isnadin mai daban a cikin shuka, don haka a lokuta daban-daban kamshin catnip ya bambanta. A lokacin bazara, ƙanshi na geranium ko wardi, kuma daga baya ƙanshin lemon ƙanshi ya bayyana.
Iri kama
Halin halittar garnani ya haɗu da tsirrai sama da 250. Dukkansu sun dace da haɓakar al'adu, amma galibi galibi 'yan ƙabila ne ake samu a cikin lambuna.
Kayan cat. Madaidaici, dogayen mai tushe na tsirran ya kai tsayi 0.4-1 m. An rufe su da wani ɗanɗano mai ruwan shuɗi. Ganyayyaki masu siffar ƙwai 2-5 cm tsayi ana fentin su a cikin launi mai haske mai haske. Corymbose sako-sako inflorescences kunshi farin buds tare da m aibobi. Diamita na corolla shine 0.7-1 cm. Itacen yana da ƙanshin lemun tsami na yaji kuma ya shahara sosai da wakilan feline. A iri-iri fama da tsananin frosts, amma an sauri dawo da saboda yawan kai seeding.
Fassen's Mataimakin. Dankin tsire-tsire har zuwa 30 cm high an rufe shi da ƙananan kunkuntar kore mara nauyi. Bambanci a cikin unpretentious hali. A lokacin tsawon tsawo (Yuni-Satumba) an yalwatacce da datti farin furanni.
Catman Mussini. Shortan gajeren, siffar murfin ƙasa tare da tsawo ba fiye da cm 20. The pubescent mai tushe ɓoye a ƙarƙashin m ganye kore. Long lavender inflorescences Bloom a watan Yuni da nace har sai sanyi. Suna exude wani ɗan mint dandano mai ɗanɗano.
Shanun lemun tsami. Tsawon tsirrai mai yawan ganye shine cm 40-100. madaidaici, tsayayyen mai yalwatacce an rufe shi da matsanancin fitsari. Furen furanni mai launin shuɗi mai haske ya girma 2-8 cm tsayi tsawonsa .. An tattara furanni masu launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi biyu masu launin shuɗi, filayensu an rufe su da shuɗi.
Niarfe babban-flowered (Siberian). Madaidaiciya mai tushe 0.6-1 m high an rufe shi da ɗan gajeren wanzuwa. Suna da ganyen kore mai tsawon of 5-15 cm tsawo.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Irƙiri da gurnani mai yiwuwa ne ta zuriya da kuma hanyoyin ciyayi. Tsaba saboda low germination ne mafi kyau shuka a kan seedlings. A ƙarshen Maris, an shirya ƙasar yashi-peat a cikin matattakakkun katako ko ɓoye. Don shuka, an yi tsagi tare da zurfin 1 cm a nesa na 5-8 cm daga juna. Farkon harbe ya bayyana kwanaki 6-7 bayan dasa, amma ba gaba ɗaya ba. Har zuwa 4-5 ganye na gaske ya yi girma, seedlings ke tsiro a hankali. Sa'an nan kuma ya kamata a ba da seedlings a cikin peat daban ko tukwane na filastik. A rana ta hamsin, tsayin dakansa ya kai 10 cm, wanda ke nufin cewa tsararran suna shirye don dasawa cikin ƙasa. Tsakanin layuka wajibi ne don tsayar da nisa na 60-70 cm, kuma tsakanin bushes - 20-40 cm.
Manyan tsirrai a lokacin bazara za'a iya raba su. Don yin wannan, an haƙa su gaba ɗaya kuma a hankali su saki rhizome daga ƙuraron laka. Tushen ya rabu da hannaye, kowane tsage dole ne ya ƙunshi maki da yawa na girma. Ana shuka 'yan itacen nan da nan a cikin wani sabon wuri. Kafin dasa shuki, an tono ƙasa da takin.
Saukowa da kulawa
Land don catnip fara shiri a cikin fall. Wajibi ne a zabi wuri mai haske da ƙasa mai amfani. Yankin da aka keɓe an haƙa shi kuma ana amfani da takin. A cikin kowane m² na ƙasar da aka yi amfani da:
- takin (har zuwa kilogiram 3);
- nitonium nitrate (15-20 g);
- superphosphate (20-30 g);
- potassium sulfate (5-10 g).
Bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, ƙasa ta bushe sosai kuma ana shuka shuka. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, ana iya shuka amfanin gona kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa buɗe kafin hunturu ko farkon bazara.
Kula da catnip baya buƙatar ƙoƙari mai yawa. An dasa unpreentious shuka ne na rayayye girma, saboda haka dole ne ka tabbata cewa bai bar yankin da aka raba.
Dankin yana haɓaka mafi kyau a wurare masu kyau ko a cikin karamin inuwa. Ba ya tsoron zayyana kuma yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullun. Watering ya kamata ya zama matsakaici. A cikin matsanancin fari, kamawar yana kawo jinkirin ci gaba, kodayake yana riƙe da ado. Amma tare da ambaliyar ruwa na yau da kullun na ƙasa, Tushen ya lalace.
Bayan fure, ana bada shawara a datsa zuwa rabin tsawo na harbe. A cikin wata ɗaya kawai za su yi girma sosai kuma a ƙarshen Satumba, fure zai sake maimaitawa.
A cikin dusar ƙanƙara, ba mai zafin gaske mai zafi ba, ana iya barin karnukan ba tare da tsari ba. Idan ana tsammanin matsanancin sanyi, yana da kyau a rufe alkyabbar da ganye ya fadi da rassan spruce. A cikin bazara, ana hadi ciyayi tare da mahaɗin ma'adinai tare da babban abun ciki na nitrogen. A kan kasa mai ɗorewa, ciyar da yau da kullun ba lallai ba ne. Idan ya cancanta, zaku iya takin shuka sau ɗaya a wata tare da ƙaramin yanki na ma'adinai ko takin gargajiya.
Catnip yana da tsayayya da cututtukan shuka da kwari. Powdery mildew na iya haɓaka a cikin ruwan sama. Wani lokacin cicadas zauna a kan bushes. Kwari ba sa cutar da shuka sosai. Idan ana sa ran shirye-shiryen kayan albarkatun ƙasa, magani ya kamata a guji.
Abun da ke ciki da kuma kaddarorin magani
Partsasashe na wuraren ɓoye abubuwa suna ɗauke da babban adadin mai mai mahimmanci da abubuwa masu rai. Daga cikinsu akwai:
- geraniol;
- citronellol;
- lemu;
- limonene;
- tannins;
- bitamin;
- sukari.
Mafi girman taro na kayan amfani ana samun su ne lokacin furanni. Daga nan ne suke samar da kayan abinci.
A kewayon da amfani kaddarorin catnip ne manya-manyan. Ana amfani dashi ba kawai ga jama'a ba, har ma da magani na hukuma. Shirye-shiryen Catnip suna da ƙwayoyin cuta, ta motsawa, farfadowa, diuretic, tasirin sakamako. Ciyawar ciyawa da aka murƙushe an bushe da amfani da ita don shirya kayan ado.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa catnip ba kawai kaddarorin masu amfani ba ne, har ma yana maganin contraindications. Ba za a iya amfani da shi lokacin daukar ciki ko shayarwa ba, kazalika da gaban halayen ƙwayoyin cuta da tachycardia.
Yin amfani da catnip
- A cikin lambun. An yi amfani da furanni masu duhu na fure tare da shuɗi-shuɗi mai launin shuɗi-zane a cikin zane mai faɗi. Plantsarancin tsire-tsire suna kafa wata magana mai ci gaba mai ƙanshi. Ana shuka manyan nau'ikan tare da shingen furanni, hanyoyi, ko kuma a kan gadaje na fure. Mafi kyawun maƙwabta don catnip sune lavender, Sage, geranium, iris, yarrow, dutse, oregano, albasa na ado da sauransu.
- A cikin dafa abinci. Ana cinye shootsan matashi na catnip a matsayin kayan yaji don miya ko salad. Hakanan, ana amfani da shuka a cikin marinade don kifi, a cikin kayan kwalliya da giya na gida.
- A cikin masana'antu na kwaskwarima da turare. Za a iya samun haƙo mai mai girma a kantin sayar da kayayyaki cikin tsarkakakkiyar tsari. Hakanan an haɗa shi da kayan kwalliya don fata da gashi, kazalika da eau de toilette.
