Mallaka da manyan filayen gida da kuma kananan rani gida daidai suke da ƙawance da kansu tare da fresha fruitsan itacen da berries. Don yin wannan, a cikin lambun dole ku "shirya" bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace da tsirrai, wanda akwai nau'ikan da yawa. Wasu nau'ikan 'yan lambu suna ƙaunar su.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari daga treesan itacen kansu mafarki ne na lambu. Koda mai farawa zai iya samun amfanin gona idan ya bi ka'idodin dasa shuki da kula da bishiyoyi. Da farko, ya cancanci tantance irin nau'in tsire-tsire da aka shuka a cikin yankin musamman.
Akwai babban jerin nau'in halitta da nau'ikan bishiyoyi da suka rayu a kusan duk wani sauyin yanayi. Yanzu, ba mazaunin yankin Moscow ko Crimea kawai ba, har ma da wani lambu, wanda makircinsa yana cikin Siberiya, na iya zaɓan tsire-tsire na lafiya.
Itace Apple tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa
Itace Apple
Itacen itacen apple shine wataƙila sanannen shahararren 'ya'yan itace. Bishiyoyi suna girma a cikin lambunan talakawa da gonakin gona. A sosai unpretentious look, bada quite low-kwance (dangane da iri-iri), dadi da lafiya 'ya'yan itãcen marmari.
A gani, itace ce wacce take da kambi mai yada tare da tsayin tsayi na 2.5 zuwa 10. Akwai ire-iren bishiyoyi da yawa wanda yake da wuya a rarrabe fasali na yau da kullun a cikin dukkanin bishiyoyin wannan nau'in.
Farkon fruiting na itacen apple yana faruwa ne bayan shekaru 4-5 bayan dasawa. Gabaɗaya, itaciya zata iya rayuwa kimanin shekaru 40.
Ana nuna itacen apple ta hanyar juriya mai kyau ga sanyi, yana haƙuri da shading sosai. Yawancin ciyarwa baya buƙatar. Kuna iya dasa bishiyoyi younga youngan matasa duka biyu cikin bazara da kaka. Ya kamata a haifa tuna cewa apple itacen baya son zayyana da stagnation na danshi a cikin ƙasa.
Mahimmanci! A cikin shekaru 2 na farkon rayuwar ɗan ƙaramin itace, duk furanni da suka bayyana akan sa dole ne a cire shi. Suna satar itacen tuffa da ƙarfin da ake buƙata don ci gaba da haɓaka.
Prouse fruiting na pear
Pear
Wannan bishiyar 'ya'yan itace mai lalacewa tare da ganyayyaki ovate mai duhu da haushi shine babban mai gasa da itacen apple. Rayuwarta kusan shekaru 100 kenan. Kyakkyawan lambun yana girma a duk yankin Turai, har ma a Tsakiyar Asiya.
Kirki yana son ƙasa mai wadatacciyar ƙasa, mai wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, don haka yana buƙatar miya da kuma zaɓi zaɓi na wuri don shuka. Idan itacen ya da tushe, yana girma sosai kuma yana iya kaiwa ga tsawo mita biyar.
Nemo yana da kyau a samar da shi a cikin bazara, kodayake a lokacin bazara kuma ana karɓuwa. Wajibi ne don zaɓar wuri mai faɗi tare da ƙasa mai kwance. Kirki yana ci gaba da kasancewa tare da loam. A cikin shekaru 4 na farko na rayuwa, seedling yana buƙatar takin nitrogen da shayarwa a busassun yanayin.
Pear ya fara kawo 'ya'ya a shekaru 4-7 na namo.
Cikakke plum a kan rassan
Plum
Hybridwararren halitta na blackthorn da ceri plum - plum, shine ma baƙi a cikin gidajen Aljannar Turai na Rasha. Itace mai tsayi (har zuwa 15 m), tare da rawanin da babu wuya. Plum yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 25-30, wanda kawai 15 ya bada 'ya'ya.
Dasa dasa bishiyoyin plum zai fi kyau a bazara ko farkon faɗuwa.
Matukar daraja! Dukansu seedlingsa seedlingsan seedlings da manya samfurori sukan ɗanɗana su ta hanyar kwari masu yawa daga ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a shirya don bazara na yau da kullun da kaka suna fesawa tare da mahaɗan musamman.
Itace tsofaffi, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna ɗaukar hunturu ba tare da matsaloli ba, yana da kyau a kunsa shekaru farko na shekaru tare da bambaro tare da akwati. A cikin bazara, bishiyoyi masu girma suna buƙatar pruning, wanda yawanci ana yi a cikin Maris.
Mahimmanci! Plum siffofin da yawa tushen harbe. Gaskiya ne game da tsohuwar bishiyoyi da marasa lafiya, ƙoƙarin wannan hanyar "bar zuriya." Matasa plums za a iya girma daga cikin undergrowth. Idan ba a shirya wannan ba, yana da kyau a cire tushen harbe sau da yawa saboda kar su kwashe ƙarfi daga tushe.
Itace Apricot
Apricot
Apricot dangi ne na plum, shima dangin Rosaceae ne. A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar wannan haɗin, tsohuwar sunan Rasha na itaciyar - Maƙallin rawaya ya kasance.
Apricot itace 'ya' ya 'yan itace mai tsayi har zuwa 8 m ba ga tsayi. Yana fure a cikin watan Afrilu, tare da furanni suna bayyana a gaban ƙwannin ganye, wanda ke sa itacen kyakkyawan kyau a wannan lokacin.
Itacen yana rayuwa na dogon lokaci, har zuwa shekaru 100, ya fara bada 'ya'ya daga shekara ta 3 na rayuwa kuma yana wuce shekaru 30-40. Saboda karfi tushen tsarin, shiga zurfi a cikin ƙasa, fari ba shi tsoron shi. Sabanin ra'ayi da cewa apricot shine tsire-tsire na kudu, yana jurewa da sanyi sauƙin har zuwa -25 ° С, wasu nau'ikan - har zuwa -30 ° С.
Matukar daraja! A arewa, ana shuka apricots a cikin bazara, a tsakiyar layi kuma zuwa kudu zaka iya yin jigilar seedlings a watan Oktoba. Zai fi kyau nemo musu wuri mai zafin rana a kan tsauni, tare da ƙasa mara nauyi.
Tare da bishiyoyi masu 'ya'yan itace, bishiyoyi suna maraba baƙi a cikin gidajen. Hakanan sun wanzu a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan iri da iri, tare da kyakkyawar kulawa, sun ba da 'ya'ya da yawa kuma suna haɓaka sosai.
Cherries
Wani sanannen memba na dangin Pinks shine ceri. Wannan amfanin gona yana tsiro duka biyu a cikin nau'in shuka tsirrai (har zuwa 3 m), kuma a cikin nau'in itace (har zuwa 8 m). Haka kuma, siffofin kamar itace suna fara bada 'ya'ya a dan lokaci fiye da siffofin daji.
Cherry tana tsiro kusan ko'ina, ban da hamada da kuma arewa mai nisa. Itacen yana rayuwa in an jima, kusan shekaru 30.
Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan wannan itaciyar, wasu daga cikinsu na kai ne, wasu ba su ba. Don haka yana da kyau a sami yawancin cherries a kan makircin, aƙalla iri 2.
Don seedlings, ana bada shawara don nemo wurare masu kyau da ƙasa mai yashi. Cherry baya son ƙasa mai nauyi da tsinkaye na ruwa a tushen. Amma yana jure wa fari lokaci-lokaci, ko da yake yana buƙatar bazara lokacin bazara a farkon shekarun bayan dasa shuki.
Cherry yana da tsayayya wa lokacin sanyi hunturu, kodayake wani lokacin ma yanayin zafi yayi kusan kashi 90 na fure-fure na daskarewa. Mafi yawanci, itaciyar "ba ta son" iska mai tsananin sanyi da kuma blizzards; a cikin ƙaho, tana iya mutuwa cikin tsananin sanyi.
Cherries
Ceri mai zaki
Tsohon nau'in ceri shine ceri (shi ma ceri na tsuntsu ne), itace ce mai tsayi, tsayin mita 10. Wani lokacin akwai manyan-sized da 30 m tsayi. Tushen tushe yawanci a kwance yake, amma a ƙarƙashin yanayi na musamman tsaye Tushen tushen kuma zai iya haɓaka.
Ceri yana fara bada 'ya'ya daga shekaru 4-5 na rayuwa, a duka itacen zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 100. Wannan bishiyar, kamar ceri, baya son tururuwar danshi, iska mai sanyi da wurare masu matukar shauki.
A cikin bazara, cherries suna buƙatar forming pruning da kayan miya (daga shekara ta 4 ta girma).
Kula! A cikin bazara, yana da mahimmanci don aiwatar da da'irar da ke kusa da bishiyoyi da 'ya'yan itace, daɗaɗa ƙasa, cire tarkace da ciyawa.
Rassan teku buckthorn a cikin berries
Buckthorn teku
Buckthorn Sea - itace (zai iya girma a cikin nau'in shrub), wanda ba kawai yana da amfani ba, har ma da kaddarorin kayan ado.
Tsawon tsirrai na iya kaiwa zuwa 10 m, tsarin tushen na sama ne, wanda aka sa masa alama sosai. -Waƙwalwa-Seawa-fure-fure fure-fure, ainihin kayan adonsa mai haske ne mai ruwan hoda mai haske. Suna da takamaiman dandano, amma suna da lafiya sosai.
Dasa akan shafin yana sa ma'anar samfuran mace kawai, tunda maza basa bada berries. Abu ne mai sauki a rarrabe tsakanin su: thea onan itacen a kan bishiyun mata ƙanana ne, tare da sikeli biyu. A kan maza, sun fi girma kuma “shaggy.” Ya zama sananne ne kawai a shekaru 3-4 na tsiro.
Wurin da aka zaɓa akan wurin da yakamata ya kasance yana da kyau, ba dadi ba idan ƙasa ta ɗan jiƙa, amma ba tare da wuce haddi ruwa ba.
Tushen ruita arean itace galibi suna da ƙarfi, suna kwance a ƙasa. Tushen tushe ya fi fadi girma fiye da kambi a faɗin. Mafi kyawun kasar gona yana hadi, da yake ya girma yana kara karfi. Wannan tsiraru da tabbatar da aiki ci gaba na m ɓangare na shuka da mai yawan fruiting.
Abin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci don sassauta, ruwa da takin ƙasa a cikin da'irar akwati. Abincin mai shuka ta hanyar tushe kai tsaye ya dogara da wannan, wanda ke nufin yawan aiki.
Idan babu wani wuri don bishiyoyi tare da rawanin ƙaƙƙarfan tushensu da tushen sa, za'a iya zaɓan itacen 'ya'yan itace don gonar.
Berry bushes domin gonar
Tare da kulawa ta dace, kowane itacen daji na Berry yana iya ba da girbi mai kyau. Dokokin kula da ƙananan tsire-tsire masu kama da sihiri ba mai wahala ba.
Black Currant
Currant
Currant shine ɗan itacen daji daga dangin guzberi, baya buƙatar gabatar dashi. A cikin Rasha, an girma a karni na X. Akwai babban adadin girke-girke ta amfani da berries na wannan shuka.
Shekararren daji tana da iri da yawa. Wasu sun bambanta da tsayi (ana samo tsire-tsire a cikin 300, 500, 800 cm), a cikin daidaituwa, a cikin launi na berries (wani lokacin baƙar fata, ja, fari, zinariya).
Currants suna da ƙarfi, tushen fibrous tushen tsarin, godiya ga wanda daji da sauri ya ɗauki tushe a cikin sabon wuri. Tuni cikin shekara ta biyu bayan dasawa, zaku iya jira girbi. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, currants zaiyi farin ciki tare da berries har zuwa shekaru 15.
Wuraren da ke da tsabta tare da ƙasa mai laushi kuma ba tare da iska mai ƙarfi ba ta dace da dasawa.
Gooseberries tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa
Guzberi
Wani dangi na currant ne guzberi, ba ƙasa da kowa. An na rayayye girma ga dadi berries. Wani fasalin mara kyau na shuka shine ƙaya mai yawan gaske, wanda ke tsoma baki tare da girbin.
Gooseberries ne perennials na karamin tsayi, tare da ganye mai kauri mai haske. Yana fure da wuri, inji mai zuma ne, wanda yake jan hankalin kwari masu amfani da tsirrai zuwa wurin. Babban amfani da daji shine isar da kai. Kawai shuka 1 a kan shafin yanar gizon yana iya yawan yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Mahimmanci! Gooseberries, kamar sauran bushes bushes, sau da yawa samun powdery mildew (sferoteka). Don rigakafin, ya kamata a kula da daji lokaci-lokaci tare da shirye-shiryen tagulla.
Kwayabayoyi
Kwayabayoyi
Wannan gajeren (har zuwa 1 m) ciyawar katako mai tsayi bata sami irin wannan rarrabuwa kamar wanda aka bayyana a sama ba, duk da haka, mutane da yawa sun gwada shi.
Blueberries suna yin haƙuri da inuwa da inuwa m, m hydration. Ba ya son fari Sabili da haka, idan an zaɓi wurin rana don shi, sau da yawa za ku yi ban ruwa kuma feshi da ruwa.
A cikin yankuna na tsakiya, ana dasa shuki a cikin bazara, a watan Satumba-Oktoba, kuma a cikin yankuna na arewacin, an fi son dasa shuki.
Blueberries na buƙatar m watering, wanda ya sa ƙasa a Tushen koyaushe ya kasance ɗan danshi. Manyan riguna na shekara-shekara tare da ma'adinai da takin gargajiya suna da amfani ga shuka, duka a ƙarƙashin tushen kuma tare ganye.
Abin da ke dasa shuki a cikin inuwa
Lokacin da duk wurare masu haske, sarari a wurin sun riga sun cika da ciyayi, tambayar ta tashi menene shuka a inuwa. Cikakken inuwa ba ya shafar kusan dukkanin tsire-tsire sosai, duk da haka, akwai wasu shuki da ba kawai zasu mamaye sauran sararin samaniya ba, amma kuma zasu sami damar ba da 'ya'ya a cikin yanayin da aka tanada.
Blackberry Trellis
Blackberry
Abubuwan alaƙar baƙi suna girma sau da yawa a gefe, wasan daji, don haka braids komai game da abin da ba shi yiwuwa mutum ya shiga waɗannan wuraren. Dandano da duhu duhu ya cancanci duka azabar da ke jiran mutanen da suka fada cikin matsanancin ciyawar daji.
Yawan amfanin ƙasa na baƙar fata yana da ban mamaki, sau 3-4 fiye da na raspberries. Abubuwan da aka yi kama ba ya ƙarewa a can: harbe-harbe baƙi, kamar raspberries, fara ba da 'ya'ya kawai a shekara ta biyu.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na bishiyoyi sun girma cikin matakai, domin girbin ya ci gaba na dogon lokaci.
Wata fa'ida daga cikin blackberry ita ce tasirin ado. Kwararru a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi suna ba da shawarar dasa shuka kusa da shinge, net ko wasu tallafi. Don haka a kan lokaci za ku iya samun shinge.
Mahimmanci! Kuna buƙatar siyan seedlings a cikin amintattun wuraren adana.
Dogwood tare da cikakke berries
Dogwood
Wani daji mai jure yanayin-daji shine dogwood. Ya yi tsayi sosai, har zuwa 2 m, tare da harbe rataye a ƙasa. Idan reshe ya kai ga kasa, sai ya dauki tushen da sauri sosai, saboda haka yana da sauki a yada dogwood.
Daga cikin bushes bushes, wannan ma'ab redcin ja edible berries ne mai dogon-hanta. Shekarun tsiro zai iya kaiwa shekara 100.
Dogwood baya son hasken da ya wuce kima, don haka ya fi dacewa a nemo masa wurin a gini ko gefen shinge.
Abu ne mai sauki mu kula da wannan tsiro. A matsayinka na tushen, zaku iya ɗaukar ka'idodin kula da gooseberries ko currants: weeding da loosening, lokacin shayarwa, bazara da kayan bazara, kayan tsabta da rigakafin tsufa.
Chokeberry
Chokeberry, ko chokeberry, an girma a matsayin shuka mai ornamental. Sannan an noma shi, an kirkiro ire-iren ire-irensu, ana iya bambanta da 'ya'yan itace waɗanda kyawawan dandano ne.
Wannan ciyawa mai ban mamaki iri-iri ne da ban mamaki, ya girma sosai a cikin inuwa kuma baya tsoron sanyi. Godiya ga tsarin daskararre, 'yan cakulan basa tsoron matsewar ruwan karkashin kasa.
Kula! Fruitsa fruitsan itace na Chokeberry sun haɗu a watan Agusta, amma an shawarce su da tattara su bayan sanyi na farko.
Ga wadanda a kan wanda mãkirci yana da matsala shirya akalla fewan tsire-tsire mai yaduwa, zaku iya ba da shawara ga itatuwan columnar. Sun sami suna saboda asalin kamanni na waje tare da shafi. Daga nesa, da alama waɗannan tsire-tsire basu da rassa kwata-kwata. Wannan ba haka bane - akwai rassa, amma gajeru.
Tsarin apple mai siffa-layi
Fasali da kuma rashin amfani
Bishiyoyi masu siffar-juye suna da nasu halaye da raunin da ke tattare da bayanan su na waje.
Abvantbuwan amfãni:
- Yardaje. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire ba sa buƙatar babban mãkirci;
- Yawan aiki Bishiyoyi suna yin 'ya'ya a cikin shekara ta 2 na rayuwa;
- Rashin daidaituwa. Babu buƙatar yanayi na musamman a gare su;
- Zakaryani. Treesaukatattun bishiyoyi suna ado azaman adon wurin.
Akwai biyu drawbacks na mulkin-dimbin yawa itatuwa: rashin ƙarfi ('ya'yan itace ba fãce 20 years) da mafi girma kudin fiye da na al'ada seedlings.
Yadda ake dasa bishiyoyin columnar
Itatuwan da ke wakiltar kankara suna son sako-sako, yashi, yashi yashi da hasken rana. Kada ka yi haƙuri danshi tururi a tushen da kuma zayyana.
Ana shuka 'ya'yan itace a cikin bazara, a nesa na 1 m daga juna. Idan akwai 'yan seedlings da yawa, shirin dasa su ya zama murabba'i, tare da gefuna na mita 1. Don yin wannan, tono rami 60 × 70 cm a gaba. Lokacin da ƙasa ta kafa, zaku iya shimfiɗa magudanar a ƙasa, ƙara cokali na takin nitrogen da potassium, yayyafa kaɗan tare da ƙasa.
Bayan da aka daidaita tushen, sa seedling a cikin ramin kuma cika shi da ƙasa zuwa tushen wuyansa, a hankali ramming shi da hannuwanku. Bayan wannan ya kasance don shayar da saukowa mai yawa.
Yadda ake kulawa
Dokokin kula da bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace
- Watse. Ana shayar da kananan bishiyoyi sau ɗaya a mako a lokacin bazara ko ƙasa da haka idan ana ruwa akai-akai. Hakanan yana da amfani a gare su su yayyafa cikin wuta;
- Manyan miya. Aikace-aikacen 1st a kan narke dusar ƙanƙara (nitrogenous), aikace-aikacen 2nd a lokacin fure (mullein bayani) kuma ana amfani da wannan sifa ɗaya kuma bayan mako guda bayan fure. An aiwatar da aikace-aikacen 4th a cikin fall (phosphorus da potassium);
- Mai jan tsami. Wannan hanya takan saba sosai idan harbe-harbe a kaikaice sun bayyana. Yana da mahimmanci kada ku manta da man shafawa duk wuraren da aka yanka tare da lambun var.
Lambu tare da 'ya'yan itace da tsire-tsire Berry
Yawancin bishiyoyin lambun suna ba ka damar zaɓin mafi kyawun zaɓi don rukunin yanar gizon. Neman ciyawar 'ya'yan itace wanda zai gamsar da girbin kowace shekara shima mai sauki ne. Kuna iya dasa gonar mafarkin ku lafiya.
