Kiwi - wane nau'in 'ya'yan itace, ta yaya yake girma a cikin yanayi da al'adu

Fruitsan itacen Kiwi na asali ana yaba su sosai saboda yawan dandano, ƙanshin mai daɗi, abubuwan da ke cike da sinadarai, kyakkyawan jigilar kayayyaki da adana dogon lokacin don watanni da yawa. Wannan shuka mai amfani da kuma unpreentious shuka ji mai girma a cikin gidajen Aljannar na kudancin yankunan Rasha da Ukraine. Kuna iya shuka shi cikin yanayi na cikin gida ko a cikin greenhouse.

Kiwi - Kasar Sin ta Actinidia

Kiwi sunan kasuwanci ne ga 'ya'yan itaciyar Actinidia na kasar Sin daga dangin Actinidian. A cikin daji, wannan babban itacen inabi mai ban sha'awa tare da ganye yana faɗuwa a cikin hunturu yana tsiro a cikin gandun daji marasa ƙarfi na kudancin China. A yanayi, 'yan wasan kwaikwayon Sinanci sun kai mita 10 a tsayi, suna hawa zuwa tsawan itatuwa.

Manyan ganyen kiwi suna da banbanci da kyau. Wannan liana yana ba da inuwa mai yawa, yana da kyau don farfajiyar shimfidar wuri, pergolas da arbor a yankin kudu.

Kiwi - deciduous liana tare da manyan ganye

Fruitan itacen Kiwi ɗan itace ne mai laushi mai laushi wanda aka rufe shi da fata mai launin shuɗi mai ɗanɗano, a ƙarƙashinsa akwai ɗanɗano mai danshi mai ƙanshi. Kwasfa ba shi da wuya kuma ba a amfani da shi don abinci, ɓangaren 'ya'yan itaciya kawai ake cinyewa. Abubuwan Kiwi suna ƙanana da ƙanana da yawa, ba a jinsu lokacin cin abinci, don haka babu buƙatar cire su lokacin da suke ba da 'ya'yan itacen. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari kyawawa ne, ɗan ƙaramin girma fiye da kwai kaza, mai nauyin har zuwa grain 100-150.

'Ya'yan Kiwi kadan ya fi kwai kaza girma

Thean itace na kiwi kyawawan launuka ne mai haske a launi, a yawancin nau'ikan shi har yanzu ya kasance kore ko da lokacin da ya cika sosai, kodayake nau'ikan nama masu launin rawaya sun fara bayyana kwanan nan. Abu ne mai sauqi ka bambanta 'yar itace mai girma daga wacce ba ta da cikakkiyar nasara:

• 'ya'yan itãcen marmari mara wuya a taba
• 'Ya'yan itaciyar da suka miƙe sun zama da taushi, jikinta ya zama m.

Tsawon watanni na ajiya da sufuri a kan nesa mai nisa, ana girbe 'ya'yan itacen kiwi dan kadan matuka, alhali suna da ƙarfi. Cikakken 'ya'yan itatuwa masu laushi suna adana kwanaki kaɗan kawai, har ma a firiji.

Domin sayan 'ya'yan itaciyar' Kiwi 'da sauri za su yi yawo da sauri, dole ne a ninka su a cikin jakar filastik tare da cikakkun apples, a ɗaure jakar kuma a bar ta cikin inuwa don kwanaki 3-5 a zazzabi a ɗakin.

Kiwi muhimmin amfanin gona ne na kasuwanci a cikin ƙasashe masu ban tsoro

Actinidia na kasar Sin ya girma tun zamanin da a cikin lambunan kasar Sin da kasashe makwabta na kudu maso gabashin Asiya, inda aka kirkiro nau'ikan gidaje da yawa. Amma wannan amfanin gona mai 'ya'yan itace ta sami mahimmancin kasuwancin duniya da shahararren duniya ne kawai a ƙarni na ƙarshe, lokacin da aka kawo tsoffin nau'in Sinawa zuwa New Zealand. Anaan wasan waje na gabas ta yamma sun sami tushe sosai a kan ƙasar New Zealand, kuma masu shayarwa sun sami damar kirkiro nau'ikan musamman manyan 'ya'yan itace, don haɓaka wanda aka ƙirƙira sunan kasuwancin "Kiwi" (don girmamawa ga ƙwararrun tsuntsu marasa tashi, wanda alama ce ta New Zealand).

Yawancin nau'ikan gargajiya na zamani na actinidia na kasar Sin ana rarrabe su ta wani nau'in daban-daban - mai daɗin daɗaɗɗan actinidia, don bambanta da magabatansu na daji.

Manyan kiwi iri-iri (kundin hoto)

Babban halayen manyan kiwi iri-iri (tebur)

Yankunan al'adun masana'antu na Kiwi

A halin yanzu, kiwi shine mafi mahimmancin amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace a cikin New Zealand, a cikin yanki na Amurka da ƙasashen Kudancin Amurka, China, Japan, a yawancin ƙasashen Kudancin Turai.

Yawancin 'ya'yan itatuwa kiwi yanzu suna girma a Italiya. Na sami damar tattaunawa da manoma Italiya da dama, masu wannan irin tsiron. A ra'ayinsu, al'adar kiwi ba ta da matsala kuma tana da fa'ida idan aka kwatanta da na gargajiya na wuraren waɗancan wuraren: babu kusan kwari da cututtuka a kiwi, don haka ba a buƙatar magungunan kashe ƙwari ko kaɗan, amfanin gonar yana da tabbacin zai iya zama mai sada muhalli da adana shi tsawon lokaci. Don dasa kiwi, kamar a ƙarƙashin gonakin inabi, zaka iya amfani da wurare marasa dacewa a cikin ƙafafun ƙafa da kan tuddai, ƙirar tallafin ba ta bambanta da innabi.

Tsirrai na Kiwi a cikin ƙasashe da yawa sun sami nasarar ɗaukar gonakin inabi

Kiwi yayi girma sosai a yankin kudancin Rasha: a tekun Bahar Maliya na Caucasus, a cikin Crimea, a kudancin Dagestan. A gefen tekun kudu na Crimea, a cikin Sochi da a cikin Krasnodar, kiwi ya ci nasarar winters ba tare da tsari ba, a cikin mafi yawan yankuna na arewacin Liana don hunturu ya zama dole a cire shi daga tallafi, shimfiɗa ƙasa da murfin.

Ta yaya kiwi yake girma a cikin Yalta (bidiyo)

Kuna iya shuka kiwi a cikin yankunan Black Sea na Ukraine. Samu nasarar samar da tsire-tsire mai son wannan creeper shima ya kasance a cikin Transcarpathia. A Kiev, actinidia na kasar Sin wani lokacin yakan ba da 'ya'ya a wasu shekaru musamman da suka yi nasara, amma yakan ɓoye lokacin sanyi. A cikin Belarus da tsakiyar Rasha, namo kiwi yana yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin yanayin greenhouse.

Menene karamin kiwi

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawancin wuraren kiwon lafiya suna amfani da sunan "mini-kiwi" don haɓaka buƙatu na mabukaci don shuka wasu nau'in actinidia:

• gardamar,
• sabbinna purpurea,
• actinidia colomictus.

Idan aka kwatanta da actinidia na kasar Sin, wadannan nau'ikan sun fi birgima hunturu, musamman colomictus actinidia, wadanda suke girma da 'ya'yan itace ba tare da wani matsuguni ba ko da a Yankin Moscow, Siberiya, da Urals. Yawan 'ya'yansu sunada girma fiye da na kiwi, amma ba su da karanci gare su a cikin dandano da abubuwan gina jiki.

Daban-daban-kiwi (hotunan hoto)

A cikin lambuna na Tsakiyar Volga ta Tsakiya, shekaru da yawa, Colomict actinidia itacen inabi yana ba da 'ya'ya, kowace shekara a ƙarshen watan Agusta na samar da amfanin gona na matsattsu na furanni masu matsakaicin girman innabi, tare da ɗanɗano da ƙamshi kamar kiwis store na gaske.

Yadda Kiwi Furanni da 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari

Kiwi, kamar sauran nau'in actinidia, tsire-tsire ne mai dioecious. Furannin maza da na furanni suna a kan korafe daban-daban. Amintaccen ƙayyade da jima'i na shuke-shuke zama zai yiwu ne kawai a lokacin flowering. Vines na zuriyar asalin yakan yi yawanci shekaru 5-7 bayan da aka shuka iri daga tsiro da ƙanana kaɗan a baya, tuni shekaru 3-4.

An shirya furannin kiwi na mata a cikin kananan rukuni.

An shirya furannin kiwi na mata a cikin kananan rukuni. Su fari ne ko kuma farin launi mai laushi. A tsakiyar kowace fure mace, babban kwaro mai ƙamshi irin na alama yana a bayyane. Harshen jikin da ke kewaye da ita na fuskantar rashin tsari, saboda haka tura pollination ba zai yiwu ba.

A tsakiyar furen kiwi mace, ana iya ganin kwaro a bayyane, kuma ana samun turɓayar ƙasa

Idan da yawa furanni mata da aka kafa da kuma nasarar pollinated a kan shuka a lokaci guda, to, 'ya'yan itãcen girma daga gare su za su kasance karami. Don samun manyan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, ba da daɗewa ba bayan samuwar ƙwayoyin ovaries, suna thinned fitar, suna cire wuce haddi.

Furanni na maza ba sa samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa kiwi, amma sun zama dole don pollination

An tattara furannin kiwi namiji kiwi a cikin goge da yawa akan daya a farfajiya. Ƙudan zuma da sauran kwari, ke karɓar kuɗin zuma, don haka furanni suna da yawa sosai. A cikin furen mace, kwararar furanni masu yawa tare da pollen a bayyane ake iya gani, kuma kwaro ya ɓullo kuma ba shi da alamar amo.

Furen furanni na Kiwi maza suna da tururuwa masu yawa waɗanda ke da filawar pollen, kuma kwaro yana ɓarkarwa

A cikin Sochi, furewar kiwi a rabin rabin May, 'ya'yan itaciyar sun girma daga tsakiyar Oktoba zuwa farkon Disamba. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau yanayin, fruiting ne shekara-shekara, amma a cikin sanyi winters fure buds na iya mutuwa, kuma furanni da buds sukan lalace ta hanyar dawowar bazara na bazara.

Siffofin girma kiwi a cikin bude ƙasa

Lokacin dasa shuki kiwi ga kowane tsire-tsire 10 na 'ya'yan itace masu' ya'yan itace (Hayward, Kivaldi, Monti, Bruno, Abbot, Allison, ...) don pollination, lallai ne a shuka aƙalla tsirrai 2 na nau'in pollinating na maza (Matua, Tomuri, ...). Nisa tsakanin seedlingsan seedlings lokacin da aka dasa shuki ya zama aƙalla mita 2-3.

Don haɓaka kiwi, kuna buƙatar tallafi. Yawancin lokaci ana shigar da Trellis kafin dasa shuki. Tsawon trellis shine mita 2-2.5, don ɗaure harbe tsakanin ginshiƙan, ana shimfiɗa waya mai ƙarfi a sarari a cikin layuka 1-3. Formative pruning ne da za'ayi a ƙarshen kaka bayan girbi, yankan thickening, mai rauni, kuma da haihuwa da harbe.

Don girma kiwi, trellises an yi su da dogayen sanda kuma an miƙa waya tsakanin su

Actinidia na kasar Sin yana buƙatar zafi mai zafi da ƙasa, saboda haka ana shayar da filayen a kai a kai. A cikin kananan lambunan lambun zaka iya dasa shuki a cikin inuwa mai haske don kare kai daga zafin rana mai zafi. Ya dace a dasa kiwi kusa da gazebo ko kuma bude hanyar baƙi, zaku sami kyakkyawan inuwa mai ganye.

Ba tare da mafaka ba, tsirrai na kiwi manya suna tsayayya da ɗan gajeren lokacin sanyi -15 ... -17 ° C, samfuran matasa sun lalace sosai ko da -10 ° C.

A yankuna tare da yuwuwar hunturu mai sanyi, don mafi kyau lokacin hunturu, za'a iya rufe kiwi lianas bugu da forari a lokacin hunturu:

1. Rufe ƙasa kusa da tsire-tsire tare da rassan spruce ko filastik don kada itacen inabi ya iya lalacewa daga hulɗa tare da ƙasa.
2. Cire itacen inabi daga kayan tallafin kuma shimfiɗa murfin.
3. Babbar murfin tare da rassan spruce ko matse Reed.
4. Rufe rufi abu tare da kunshe da filastik, ɗaure gefuna tare da bulo ko yayyafa tare da ƙasa.

Don kare sanyi, sanyi za'a iya kiyaye kiwi don hunturu

Ga wanda kuma yake tsawa da tsawa thaws, dole ne a sami mafaka. A cikin bazara, an cire tsari kuma an ɗaure vines ɗin a cikin trellis.

Girma Kiwi a Gida

Idan kuna so, zaku iya ƙoƙarin haɓaka kiwi a matsayin fure mai fure, kodayake babu wata ma'ana ta musamman a cikin wannan:

• fruiting yana buƙatar kasancewar samfurori na mace da namiji a lokaci guda (ana aiwatar da pollination da hannu tare da goge mai laushi);
• kiwi - babban itacen inabi, yana ɗaukar sarari da yawa;
• hunturu mai sanyi tare da zazzabi kimanin + 5 ° C ya zama dole don samuwar fure furen;
• fure yana faruwa a ƙarshen, shekaru 5-7 bayan shuka tsaba, kuma don sanin jima'i na seedlings zai yiwu ne kawai a lokacin fure.

Don shuka, zaka iya amfani da tsaba daga 'ya'yan itacen kiwi da aka siya a cikin shagon:

1. Yi tsayayya da 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin ɗakin dumi har sai sun cika cikakke (ya zama ya zama mai taushi, tare da ɗamarar nama).
   

   Ana iya amfani da tsaba daga cikakkun 'ya'yan itatuwa kiwi don shuka.

2. Rarrabe tsaba daga ɓangaren litattafan almara ta hanyar wanka cikin ruwa mai tsabta.
3. Jiƙa tsabtace tsaba a cikin mako guda cikin zane mai laushi a zazzabi na kimanin + 20 ° C, yana hana bushewa.
4. Sa'an nan kuma shuka a cikin cakuda ƙasa mai zurfi zuwa zurfin of 5 milimita, a hankali zuba ruwa mai ɗumi.
5. Kiyaye amfanin gona a + 20 ... + 25 ° C, bayan fitowar, saka windowsill mai haske ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba.

Kulawa da kiwi na cikin gida ya ƙunshi ban ruwa na yau da kullun tare da ruwan sha, yana hana ƙasa bushewa a cikin tukunya (ba da ruwa sosai a lokacin rani, ƙasa da kullun a cikin hunturu), feshin mako-mako da ruwa mai ɗumi da ruwa mai ɗumi da kuma daskararrewar bazara na shekara. Don garter na hawa harbe a cikin tukunya, an kafa firam na murƙushe lokacin farin ciki.

Yadda ake girma kiwi a gida (bidiyo)

Nasiha

Kiwi wani tsiro ne na zamani wanda ke buƙatar sanyi hunturu.

Odina//forum.homecitrus.ru/topic/56-kivi-aktinidiia-kitajskaia-doma-i-na-balkone/

Kiwi riga a debe 10 ya fara daskare.

Marenia//forum.homecitrus.ru/topic/21374-vyraschivaem-kivi-aktinidiiu-kitajskuiu-v-otkryto/

Na rufe har da inabi ... Ban lura da wani banbanci ba a cikin tsananin tsananin sanyi na 'ya'yan inabi da kiwi. Iyakar abin da aka rage shine cewa kiwi ya farka a ɗan lokaci sama da inabi, wanda ke nuna cewa yuwuwar samun ƙasa lokacin sanyi yana da girma.

Alexey Sh//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=3289

Actinidia na kasar Sin - wannan shine ainihin kiwi! A cikin Botanical Kiev, yana girma, har ma wani lokacin yakan bada 'ya'ya

Sveta2609//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/125485/

Kiwi shine amfanin gona mai kyau na yankuna don yankuna masu sauyin yanayi mai rauni. A cikin ɗan ƙaramin yanki kamar yankin Black Earth, tsari na hunturu zai taimaka kare vines daga sanyi. Kuma a tsakiyar Rasha, inda kiwi ba hunturu ko da a ƙarƙashin tsari mai mahimmanci, sauran nau'in actinidia suna girma sosai tare da tsananin tsananin hunturu kuma ɗan ƙaramin ƙarancin kiwi na gaske, amma babu ƙarancin kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ƙoshin lafiya.