Suman shine al'adar thermophilic. Idan a cikin yankuna na kudu da haɓakar sa ba ya haifar da wata matsala, to, a cikin Urals ya zama dole don mafi hankali kusanci zaɓin wani shafi da ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi dacewa don tsirrai, saboda gajeriyar da lokacin sanyi. A wannan yanayin, zaka iya dogaro akan samun kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Mafi kyawun iri don Urals
Al'adu kamar kabewa yana girma a kusan dukkanin kusurwar duniya, amma don samun amfanin gona mai kyau, dole ne ku bi fasahar da take girma. Halin Pumpkin a cikin Urals mai yiwuwa ne a ƙarƙashin ingantaccen yanayi kuma yana dacewa da fasahar aikin gona. Babban mahimmanci don samun amfanin gona shine madaidaicin zaɓi na iri-iri, tun da sanyi a tsakiyar watan Yuni ba sabon abu bane ga wannan yankin. Wannan yana nuna buƙatar buƙatar zaɓar nau'ikan haɓaka da farkon waɗanda ke da damar yin riƙo lokacin ajiya. Yi la'akari da mafi mashahuri a cikinsu.
Lu'ulu'u. A iri ne matsakaici da wuri tare da balaga na kwanaki 100. Tsire-tsire suna iya jure wa matsanancin canjin yanayi, ƙananan sanyi. Wannan kabewa yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa (15 kg a kowace m²). 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu launin fata, mai kaman peir, tare da ƙaramin tsaba kuma suna yin nauyi har kilo 7. Ana bambanta iri-iri ta hanyar ajiya na dogon lokaci da dandano mai kyau na ɓangaren litattafan almara tare da ƙanshin nutmeg.
Pumpkin Pearl zai iya yin tsayayya da matsanancin canjin yanayi, ƙanƙanun sanyi
Bush lemu. Pumpan kabewa na farkon tare da nisan kwana 90-120 kwanaki. Tsire-tsire masu ɗaure ne, ba saƙa ba ne. Ana nuna 'ya'yan itacen ta hanyar zagaye mai zagaye, kwasfa orange da nauyin 4-7 kg. A ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da girma a cikin carotene, mai daɗi da taushi.
Gwal Bush. An farkon farkon cikakke tare da manyan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari waɗanda suka kai adadin 5 kilogiram da girma a cikin kwanaki 90-100. Yawan aiki daga 1 m² kusan 15 kg. Itaciya tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu zagaye, wanda akan sami rarrabuwa a bangarori. A iri-iri samu da sunan saboda kwasfa, wanda a rana alama zinariya. Naman da kabewa na daɗaɗɗe, rawaya, amma ba zai iya fahariya da zaƙi.
Yawancin kabewa Bush gwal yana da yawan amfanin gona na kilogiram 15 daga 1 m²
Kasar. Ya kasance na sanyi-resistant kuma mafi farkon ripening iri (75-85 kwanaki). Yawan 'ya'yan itace shine kilogiram 3-4. Fata na kabewa mai wuya, kore da rawaya. Nama rawaya ce, mai ƙanshi mai daɗi. An adana har zuwa watanni 4.
Mai warkewa. Variety Na farkon iri-iri tare da balaguro na kwanaki 90-95. An kwatanta shi da juriya ga sanyi da babban zafi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari an zagaye su, baƙi, tare da daskararren farfajiya suna awo har kilo 5. Kwasfa mai launin toka-kore, naman wani launi mai haske mai haske, mai daɗi, mai yawa a cikin carotene.
Mai dadi. Early dogon-stringy da sanyi-resistant iri, ripening a cikin kwanaki 90. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sunyi zagaye tare da launi mai haske. Matsakaicin nauyi shine kilogiram 2. Kwasfa ya kasu kashi biyu kashi biyu. An bambanta ɓangaren litattafan almara da ruwan ɗumi da zaƙi.
Suman Candy - wani nau'in fure mai yawan gaske wanda yake tsayayya da sanyi, yana cika kwanaki 90
Dan murmushi. Kabewa dajin daji na farko a cikin kwanaki 85-90. 'Ya'yan itãcen ƙananan size, nauyin 0.8-1 kg (bisa ga masu samar da iri), suna kama da kwallaye, suna da launi mai haske mai haske. Jiki yana da daɗi, mai daɗi, dandano yana kama da kankana. Suman za a iya cinye sabo. An rarrabe shi ta hanyar kiyayewa mai kyau, baya buƙatar yanayi na musamman.
Yanayin girma
Don yin girma a cikin ƙasarku ba kawai kabewa ba ne, amma kyawawan 'ya'yan itace mai daɗi, dole ne ku cika yanayin narkar da wannan amfanin gona. Da farko dai, yakamata a bi ka’idar jujjuyawar tsiro da tsiron tsirrai na dangin kabewa (zucchini, kokwamba, squash, kabewa, kankana) a wuri guda ba a baya ba bayan shekaru 4-5. Magabata na kwarai sune al'adun gargajiyoyi da al'adun wake. Bai kamata ku dasa kankara kusa ba, don idan akwai cuta ba lallai ne a bar ku ba tare da amfanin gona na kowane iri ba.
Dukkanin kabewa na buƙatar walƙiya, tare da rashin abin da ke rage adadin ƙwayar kwayoyi, yana haifar da yiwuwar cututtuka, kwaro. Sabili da haka, don kabewa a cikin Urals, ya kamata ka zaɓi mafi zafi, da walƙiya da kuma tsari daga wurin iska, alal misali, bayan gida ko ginin. Wurin yanar gizon ya kamata ya zama mai lebur kuma ba shi nesa ba daga albarkatun gona ba.
Shuka seedlings
Ana iya girma da suman a hanyoyi biyu - ta hanyar shuka da shuka iri kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa. Koyaya, shine zaɓi na farko da aka bada shawarar don Urals, tunda yana da inganci kuma abin dogaro. Koyaya, yana da daraja la'akari da duka hanyoyin biyu dalla-dalla.
Yaushe shuka
Ana iya shuka iri-iri a cikin Urals daga ƙarshen Afrilu zuwa tsakiyar Mayu. Idan yakamata a dasa shi a cikin gidan kore, to, an sauya kwanakin shuka sau 10-14.
Tsarin iri
Kafin ka fara shuka iri, dole ne a shirya su. Don wannan, an zaɓi lalatattun, an zaɓi tsaba, kuma babba da babba lokacin za su ragu. Idan baku da tabbas game da ingancin iri, ya kamata ku fara duba dacewar don narkar da ita ta hanyar sanya shi cikin jaka da ruwa na tsawon awanni 3-4. Wadancan ƙwayayen da suka nutse a ƙasa ana iya amfani dasu don dasawa, amma wanda ya wanzu akan ƙasa, zai fi kyau jefa shi.
Tsarin shirya tsaba don kowane lambu zai iya zama daban. Don haka, tsarin soya ya yaɗu. A saboda wannan, ana sanya tsaba a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi (1-2 awanni) ko potassium permanganate (minti 15-20). Idan ana amfani da mafita na manganese, ya kamata a wanke zuriya bayan hanya, sannan a nannade cikin zane mai bushe kuma a hagu don yin tsiro a zazzabi a ɗakin.
Umpwan kabewa suna soyawa a cikin ruwan dumi, manganese, sannan kuma a haɓaka ɗakin zazzabi
Tsabtataccen kabewa yakan fita, yawanci a cikin kwanaki 2-3.
Idan kun saurari ra'ayi na gogaggen lambu, to, ban da soaking tsaba ya kamata a taurare. Don yin wannan, ana sanya tsaba mai fure akan ƙananan shiryayye na firiji tare da zane mai rigar don kwanaki 3-4. A cikin taron cewa ana shirin dasa tsoffin tsaba waɗanda aka adana su fiye da shekaru 6-8, an riga an loda su. Bayan haka an ɗaure su tare da zane na gauze kuma a sanya su cikin ruwa a zazzabi na 40-50 ° C, bayan wannan ana nutsuwa dasu cikin sanyi. Wajibi ne a aiwatar da irin waɗannan hanyoyin (4-5), kiyaye hatsi cikin ruwa don 5 s. A ƙarshen tsarin, an shuka iri kuma an shuka shi. Idan kun yi amfani da tsaba bushe, to, ya kamata a shuka shuka sati ɗaya a baya.
Shiri na tankuna da ƙasa
Lokacin zabar kwantena don kabewa seedlings, kuna buƙatar la'akari da cewa tsire-tsire ba sa yin haƙuri da ɗaukar. Peat ko kuma filastik filastik tare da ƙara 0.2-0.5 lita zai zama kyakkyawan zaɓi don dasa. Bugu da kari, kowane kwantena na karamin karami, alal misali, kwalayen filastik iri-iri iri, wanda daga ciki zai yuwu a fitar da tsirrai a lokacin dasawa, zai dace da kyau.
A matsayin kwantena na tsire-tsire na kabewa, zaka iya amfani da kowane akwati da ta dace
Amma ga ƙasa, kabewa fi son ƙasa mai gina jiki, wanda za'a iya shirya shi da kansa ko kuma a sayi shirye don kayan lambu na seedlings. Don haɗuwa mai zaman kanta, ana buƙatar abubuwan da aka haɗa masu zuwa:
- 2 sassan peat;
- 1 sashin da aka rushe;
- 1 bangare humus.
Shuka tsaba
Bayan duk matakan shirye-shiryen, zaku iya fara shuka. Ku ciyar da shi a cikin jerin masu zuwa:
- Tankunan tankuna suna cike da ƙasa kaɗan da rabi. Wannan ya zama dole don yadda tsire-tsire suke girma, yana yiwuwa yayyafa ƙasa.
Mun cika tankunan da aka shirya tare da cakuda ƙasa
- Ruwa mai yalwa.
Bayan ka cika duniya, ka kwarara kwantena da ruwa
- Mun dasa tsaba zuwa zurfin 2-4 cm.
Muna zurfafa tsaba na kabewa ta hanyar 2-4 cm
- Rufe kwandon gilashin gilashin ko filastik.
Muna rufe tsire-tsire tare da gilashi ko fim don ƙirƙirar yanayin mafi kyau don shuka
- Muna canja wurin dasa zuwa wuri mai dumin duhu da duhu, muna samar da zazzabi a lokacin rana + 20-25 ° C, da dare - + 15-20 ° C.
Ya kamata a sa bayyanar farkon farawa a saman duniya kwanaki 3 bayan dasa shuki.
Bidiyo: dasa kabewa na shuka
Kulawar seedling
Da zaran harbe harbe sun bayyana, ya kamata a cire tsari daga tanki. Har zuwa wannan lokaci, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da iska sau 1-2 a rana, buɗe buhunan na mintuna 10-15. Tsawon kwanaki 5-7 bayan bayyanowar tsiron tanki, kuna buƙatar canja wuri zuwa wurin da zazzabi zai yi ƙasa da 5˚C.
Matsar da seedlings zuwa yanayin mai sanyaya zai kawar da shimfiɗar tsire. Idan har yanzu tsire-tsire suna miƙa, ya kamata ku ƙara ƙasa kaɗan.
Don haɓaka al'ada da haɓakar ƙwayar kabewa, ana buƙatar ingantaccen haske, wanda aka sanya shi akan windowsill mai zafin rana. Dogon hasken rana ma yana hana seedlings daga shimfidawa. Baya ga haske, kabewa yana buƙatar danshi, wanda ke tallafawa ta yau da kullun da matsakaiciyar ruwa.
Domin 'ya'yan itacen kabewa su girma da ci gaba, tana buƙatar samar da ingantaccen fitila
Makonni biyu bayan fitowar, ana iya yin shuka kwayar cuta. Don waɗannan dalilai, mafita na nitrophoska (0.5 tbsp. Per 5 l na ruwa) ko mullein (100 g dil a cikin 1 l na ruwa, nace awanni 3-4, diluted a cikin 5 l na ruwa) ya dace.
Dasawa seedlings a cikin ƙasa
An shuka seedlings masu girma a cikin shirin a ƙarƙashin fim ɗin a ƙarshen Mayu da farkon Yuni. Specificarin takamaiman kwanakin sun dogara da yanayin yanayi. Shekarun 'yan seedlings a lokacin dasawa yakai kwana 30. A wannan lokacin, ya kamata ta sami ganyayen ci gaba na gaske na 2-3, kuma tsayi ya kamata ya kai cm 20. Mafi kyawun lokacin dasawa shine maraice ko yanayin girgije. Ana shuka 'ya'yan itace bisa ga tsarin 100 * 100 cm.Don wannan hanya, tsayayyen yanayin dumin yanayi tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na + 15 ° C dole ne a kafa. Dasawa yana ragewa zuwa ayyuka masu zuwa:
- Muna yin babban rami, zuba humus da ash a ƙasa, sannan mu zuba shi da ruwa mai ɗumi.
Don samar da tsire-tsire tare da abinci mai mahimmanci, ana ƙara humus a cikin rijiyoyin lokacin dasa
- Daga dasa tanki, a hankali cire seedling tare da wata dunƙule dunƙule, ƙoƙarin kada su lalata tushe.
A hankali muna cire kabewa seedlings daga kwantena, gujewa lalacewar asalin sa
- Mun sanya shuka a cikin rami kuma muka cika shi da ƙasa daga gonar.
An sanya abubuwan fashewa a cikin rami mai dasa kuma suna barci tare da ƙasa daga gonar
- Bayan dasawa, muna ciyawa humus kuma mun rufe da fim.
Wani yanki na ciyawa zai riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa, ya hana ci gaba da sako. Bugu da kari, humus zai samar da tsire-tsire tare da ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki.
Bidiyo: dasa shuki kabewa seedlings a ƙasa
Noma gidan kore
A cikin mawuyacin yanayi na Siberiya da Urals, aikin kabewa yana da nasa abubuwan da ake bukata, tunda babu ranakun rani mai ɗumi sosai a waɗannan yankuna. Ofayan ɗayan zaɓin namo shine dasa shuki a cikin rufaffiyar ƙasa. Amma wuri a cikin gidan kore, a matsayin mai mulkin, koyaushe bai isa ba, kuma kabewa shuka ce mai girman gaske kuma ta mamaye babban yanki. Sabili da haka, dole ne ku nemi wasu dabaru. A cikin gidajen kore na polycarbonate, aiwatar da irin wannan yaudarar ta fi matsala, amma a cikin ƙirar finafinan talakawa ba shi da wahala a yi hakan.
A lokacin da girma pumpkins a cikin greenhouse, tushen tsarin ya kasance a ciki, kuma kara tare da 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ci gaba a waje
Ana shuka dasa kabewa sau da yawa kusa da cucumbers, yana ba shi wuri a cikin kusurwa. Rami na yin shuki ana yin su ne kamar yadda ake buɗewa cikin ƙasa, ba a mance da takin, bayan dasa shuki ko shuka iri. Lokacin da tsayin tsinkayen ya kai kimanin m 0.5, yanayin zai kasance tsayayye kuma tsayayye a cikin iska. A cikin kore, gefen fim an lanƙwasa kuma an saki mafita zuwa titi. Don haka, tushen al'adun suna cikin ƙasa mai rufewa, kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa suna cikin buɗe. Don yayi girma kabewa seedlings a cikin kariya yanayi, shi wajibi ne don samar da wadannan yanayi:
- zafin jiki yayin rana tsakanin + 18-25 ° C, da dare + 15-18 ° C;
- babban zafi;
- kyakkyawan haske;
- samun iska ta yau da kullun wajibi ne don hana ci gaban cututtukan fungal.
Dasa tsaba a cikin ƙasa
Kuna iya dasa kabewa a cikin Urals kuma an shuka shi nan da nan, amma, kamar yadda suke faɗi, a cikin kanku da hadarin ku. Yadda za mu yi da abin da za mu yi, za mu bincika daki daki.
Preparationasa shiri
Idan kuna shirin dasa irin nau'in kabewa, ya kamata a ɗauka a cikin zuciya cewa a cikin irin tsire-tsire tushen tsarin ya ƙunshi kimanin 8 m². Wannan yana nuna buƙatar shirya duka gonar, wanda aka tsara don wannan al'ada. Tsarin shiri shafin yana kunshe da gabatarwar buhu 2 na taki da humus a 1 m² don digging a cikin kaka. Bugu da ƙari, takin mai ma'adinai zai zama da amfani: 40-60 g na superphosphate da potassium sulfate, da 1 tbsp. itace ash ta 1 m².
Ga wanda kuma yake girma iri na daji, ya wajaba a shirya rami na dasa shuki, wanda ya cika da irin takin zamani a kaka:
- Buhu 2/3 na humus;
- 2 tbsp. l superphosphate;
- 1 tbsp. l takin mai magani;
- 4-5 Art. toka.
Lokacin shirya facin kabewa, ana amfani da takin gargajiya da na ma'adinai
Saboda haka kasar gona ta kasance sako-sako, a cikin bazara wajibi ne don sake tono.
Yaushe shuka
Don lokacin shuka na tsaba, wajibi ne don tsayar da ranar shuka. An dasa kabewa a cikin ƙasa, bayan isasshen zafin da ƙasa (+ 12˚С), da lokacin da yanayi ya yi ɗorewa. A cikin Urals, yanayin da ya dace yana faruwa a ƙarshen Mayu da farkon Yuni.
Tsarin ƙasa
Tsaba don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mara kyau an shirya su a cikin hanyar kamar yadda ake girma na shuka. Sauran hanyoyin kuma an rage su zuwa matakai masu zuwa:
- A cikin yankin da aka shirya, muna yin ramuka bisa ga tsarin bisa ga nau'in kabewa, bayan haka muna zuba su da ruwa mai ɗumi.
Kafin dasa shuki iri, rijiyoyin suna zubar da ruwa mai ɗumi
- Mun zurfafa zuriyar da 4-5 cm 5. Mun sanya tsaba a cikin kowane shuka 5 fossa.
Sprouted kabewa tsaba an sanya shi cikin dasa rami.
- Mun cika su da ƙasa kuma ɗan ƙaramin ciyawa humus.
- Muna rufe shi da gilashi, fim ko wasu kayan rufe.
Bayan dasa shuki, an rufe gadaje da fim
Tsarin mulch kada ya wuce 2 cm, in ba haka ba harbe matasa ba zai iya karya ta kauri mafi girma ba.
Bidiyo: dasa shuki irin kabewa a cikin ƙasa
Tsarin saukowa
Tunda ɗayan shuka yana buƙatar yankin abinci mai gina jiki na 1-4 m², dole ne a bi tsarin dasa, gwargwadon nau'in shuka. Pumpkins na fari cikakke yana buƙatar ƙasa da yanki, ƙarshen cikakke. Ana shuka nau'ikan shinge mai tsayi a nesa tsakanin ramuka na 1.5-2 m, tsakanin layuka - 1.4-2 m. Lokacin da ake shuka iri na daji, dasa shuki ya ɗan bambanta: 80 * 80 cm ko 1.2 * 1.2 m. Zurfin sanya iri iri ya dogara da nau'in ƙasa. A kan kasa mai haske, an shuka iri zuwa zurfin 4-8 cm, a kan kasa mai nauyi - 4-5 cm.
Tsarin dasa kabewa ya bambanta ta iri-iri
Kula da Suman
Kula da amfanin gona da ake tambaya ba ya haifar da wasu matsaloli musamman kuma ya sauko ga lura da irin ayyukan yau da kullun na aikin gona kamar sha, ciyawa, da samar da bushes.
Manyan miya
Kodayake kabewa yana son takin zamani, bai kamata a ciyar da shi sau da yawa ba sau ɗaya a kowane mako 2. A cikin bude ƙasa, ana ciyar da al'adu sau biyu:
- tare da ƙirƙirar zanen 5 of 10 g na nitrophoska a cikin bushe bushe a ƙarƙashin wani daji guda;
- lokacin da lashes ya bayyana, 15 g na nitrophoska an narkar da shi a cikin 10 l kuma an zuba a ƙarƙashin shuka ɗaya.
Baya ga ma'adinai, ana iya amfani da takin gargajiya. Don waɗannan dalilai, ash ash ya dace (1 tbsp. Per plant), da mullein (1 lita na abu a kowace lita 10 na ruwa). An gabatar da Mullein a farkon lokacin girma a cikin kudi na lita 10 a kowace bushes kuma a lokacin fruiting - 10 a kowace lita 3 na bushes.An gabatar da dukkanin abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ramin da aka haƙa a baya a cikin zoben a kusa da shuka. Zurfin sa ya kamata ya haɓaka tare da haɓakar tayin - daga cm 8 zuwa cm 5. zurfin ya kamata ya zama 15 cm daga tsire-tsire matasa, daga baya an ƙara shi zuwa 40 cm.
Bidiyo: ciyar da kabewa irin kwayar halitta
Watse
Watara pumpkins yana tare da loosening na kasar gona da kuma cire ciyawa, yayin da ya kamata a aiwatar da hanya a hankali don kada a lalata tsarin tushe. Don yin amfani da ban ruwa musamman da ruwa mai ɗumi: ruwan famfo ko daga rijiyar bai dace ba saboda ƙarancin zafin jiki, wanda yake lalata tushen sa. Ya kamata a ba da ruwa musamman a lokacin furanni: danshi yana inganta samuwar furanni mata. Ruwan mahaifa a wannan lokacin kusan lita 30 ne a kowane daji. Lokacin da 'ya'yan itãcen fara ripen, ƙara ruwa ya ragu, tun da yawa wuce haddi danshi mummunan rinjayar da tsawon ajiya, da kuma rage sukari da abun ciki a cikin' ya'yan itãcen.
Yi amfani da ruwa mai ɗumi kawai don shayar da kabewa.
Lash samuwar da pollination
Don kada shuka ya lalace da karfi a kan karin harbe da ƙwayoyin kwayoyi, ya zama dole don kammala samuwar lemo, wanda zai ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka manyan fruitsa withan tare da kyakkyawan dandano. Yawan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin da aka bari a daji ya dogara da yankin da yanayin yanayin. A cikin Urals, a matsayin mai mulkin, babu fiye da 2-3 na manyan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin da aka ragu, sauran kuma sun karye. Bushes na al'adun da ake tambaya ana kafa su ɗaya ko biyu mai tushe. Lokacin ƙirƙirar guda ɗaya a cikin tushe, dole ne a cire duk harbe na gefen da ovaries. Babu fiye da uku ovaries aka bar a kara. Bayan na ƙarshe, kuna buƙatar barin bar zanen gado 3-4 kuma cire alamar ci gaba. Lokacin da aka kafa kabewa zuwa mai tushe guda biyu (tsakiya da na kusada), an bar 'ya'yan itatuwa 2 akan babba, ɗayan kuma a kan a gefe. Bayan kwayar kwai, kuna buƙatar barin bar zanen 3-4, kuma ku yanke harbe a bayansu.
Ana iya samar da kabewa a cikin mai tushe ɗaya ko biyu, barin fruitsa fruitsan 2-3 a daji
Bidiyo: Tsarin Suman
Wani lokaci, saboda yanayin mawuyacin hali, dole ne a fitar da kabewa a wucin gadi. Ana aiwatar da hanyar da safe, wanda namiji furen tare da karar rake ya buƙaci a gwadata da ƙwarjin fure na mace.
Furanni na maza da mata suna da sauƙin bambancewa: mace a hannun dama, namiji a hagu
Abu ne mai sauki a rarrabe jima'i da fure: mata da farko suna da ƙananan ƙwayoyin fuka, yayin da maza ke girma a kan ƙaramin itace na bakin ciki.
Bidiyo: yadda ake yin aikin wucin gadi na kabewa
Cututtukan Pumpkin da kwari
Domin tsire-tsire don girma da haɓaka na yau da kullun, wajibi ne don saka idanu akan yanayin su kuma idan akwai cututtuka ko kwari, ɗauki matakan da suka dace. Wannan yana nuna buƙatar buƙata damar iya gano su daidai.
Cutar
Kwayar cuta ita ce cuta mafi yawan gama gari, wanda ke bayyana kanta a cikin hanyar ƙananan raunuka a kan cotyledons da launin ruwan kasa akan filastik. Lokacin da aka cutar da kwayoyin cuta, saman 'ya'yan itacen ya zama an rufe shi da aibobi masu launin ruwan kasa, an lalata alade. Bayan miki ya bushe, sai ya zurfafa a cikin tayin. Cutar na ci gaba tare da karuwar zafi da canje-canje. Kwayar cutar, ruwa da guda na kayan shuka. Don hana haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta, ana kula da tsaba kafin a yi shuka a cikin sinadarin sulfate 0.02%, sannan kuma a bushe sosai. Idan an samo alamun bayyanar cutar a kan cotyledons, ana bi da su da ruwa na Bordeaux.
Saboda ƙwayar cuta, ganyen kabewa ta zama mai ƙarko, wanda a lokacin sai ya bushe ya faɗi, ya samar ramuka
Wata cuta ta gama gari fari ce. Ba shi da wuya a gano shi: wani farin rufi ya bayyana a tsirrai, wanda ke haifar da laushi da lalata lalata. Cutar ta bazu cikin sauri tare da babban zafi na iska da ƙasa. Yankunan da abin ya shafa na tsire-tsire ya kamata a yayyafa su da itacen ash. Don ware abin da ya faru na irin wannan cuta, ya zama dole don cire tarkacewar tsire daga wurin. Game da fararen fata, kuna buƙatar cire ganyen don raunukan su bushe a cikin rana. Ana amfani da maganin 0.5% na maganin tagulla a cikin sassan da aka yanke.
Tare da farin rot, wuraren da cutar ta kamu da ganye sai su yi laushi suyi juji
Tushen Tushen - cutar take kaiwa zuwa bayyanar maƙarƙashiya. Harbe da ganyayyaki suna samo launin ruwan hoda-launin shuɗi sannan daga baya lalata. Mafi muni na haifar da wata cuta shine shayar da ruwa mai sanyi ko canjin zafin jiki. Don rigakafin, ana bada shawara don shayar da tsirrai kowane mako 2 tare da Previkur bisa ga umarnin. Bugu da kari, kuna buƙatar saka idanu kan tsabtar shafin, cire ciyayi da sauran ragowar asalin tsiro. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka kamu, tushe yana yayyafa shi da ƙasa mai lafiya don ƙirƙirar sabon Tushen.
Lokacin da tushen rot ganye juya launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa kuma baya lalata
Powdery mildew an bayyana zuwa mafi girma har a kan ganyayyaki a cikin nau'i na farin plaque. Bayan kayar da cutar, ganyaye ya koma launin toka ya bushe. Daga gare ta, yawan aiki yana raguwa, tsari na photosynthesis yana ƙaruwa. Cutar na ci gaba da ƙarancin wadataccen ruwa da babban zafi, kazalika da adadin mai yawa na nitrogen yayin ciyarwa. Powdery mildew shimfidawa tare da gusts na iska. Kamar yadda sauran cututtuka suke, matakan kariya sune tsaftace yankin. Idan alamun farko na cutar sun bayyana, ana bi da tsire-tsire tare da sulfur colloidal. An cire ganye mai foliage.
A bayyane alama ce na powdery mildew fari farin shafi a cikin ganyayyaki
Karin kwari
Karin kwari kuma suna yin lahani mai yawa ga kabewa. Mafi na kowa daga cikin sune gizo-gizo gizo-gizo. Yana lalata ƙarshen ganyayyaki, bayan wannan yana samar da gidan yanar gizo na bakin ciki. Da farko, launi na takarda yana canzawa, sannan ya bushe. Idan ba ku amsa a kan kari ba, inji ya mutu. Don magance kwaro, tsire-tsire sukan fesa da ruwa, kuma zai fi dacewa da jiko na albasa ko tafarnuwa husk (200 g na husk a kowace l 10 na ruwa).
Ticks entangle tare da na bakin ciki yanar gizo dukkan sassa na shuka
Melon aphid ya fara yadawa zuwa ciyawar, sannan ya motsa zuwa kabewa. Kwaro ya mamaye duk shuka. Bayan shan kashi, ganye sun ja da fadi. Idan baku dauki matakan kula da kwaro ba, kabewa bushes zai mutu kawai. Don kawar da aphids, an fesa su da maganin 10% na malathion.
Melon aphid na rayayye ya yawaita a kan ganyayyaki, tsotsa ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga shuka
Girbi da adanawa
Kuna iya yin hukunci cewa kabewa ya ɗanɗana kuma lokaci ya yi da za a girbe ta ta alamun nan:
- ciyawar ta bushe, ta yi toho, an daidaita shi;
- ganye sun bushe, sun bushe;
- kwasfa ta zama mai wahala.
Suman ya fara tsabtace bayan garin ya bar bushe
Lokacin girbi, ya zama dole don yanke kara, barin 3-4 cm, yayin da bawo kada ya lalace. Saboda haka, 'ya'yan itãcen za a adana na dogon lokaci. Yana da mahimmanci ba wai kawai a tattara amfanin gona cikin lokaci da kuma daidai ba, har ma don adana shi. Don haka, bayan girbi da kabewa za a iya ci. Koyaya, wannan al'ada, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba a girma a cikin daji ɗaya ba, wanda ya sa ka yi tunani game da ajiya. Don waɗannan dalilai, bene mai ƙarƙashin ƙasa, ɗakin kwalliya, baranda, baranda, sito ya dace. Ko da kuwa wurin da aka zaɓa, yana da muhimmanci a lura da yanayi da yawa:
- gumi - 75-80%;
- zazzabi - + 3 ... + 15˚C;
- samun iska
Idan ba a cika ɗayan sharuɗɗan ba, tawayen kabewa za ta lalace. Dukkan 'ya'yan itatuwa an aiko su ne don ajiya ba tare da lalacewa ba. Wadancan kodan da ke da mayu ko cinzir a cikin takwarorinsu sun fi cin abinci na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Ko da ajiya suna ƙarƙashin halayen da suka dace, na dogon lokaci har yanzu ba za su yi ƙarya ba. 'Ya'yan itakun da suka lalace za a iya tsabtace su ta hanyar cire yanki mai lalacewa, raba tsaba kuma sanya dabbar a cikin injin daskarewa. Lokacin adanarwa a cikin wani ɗaki na musamman, wajibi ne don sanya pumpkins akan shelves, racks, amma ba a kan ƙasa ba.
Lokacin adana kabewa, kuna buƙatar tsayar da zazzabi da zafi
Idan kun bi kwarewar wasu lambu, to, ana iya adanar 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin kwalaye tare da bambaro.
Kowane mutum na iya yin girma da kabewa, har ma a cikin yanayin yanayin Urals. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar zaɓar madaidaiciyar farkon cikakke, shuka yadda ya kamata da kuma tabbatar da kulawar da ta dace. Don adana 'ya'yan itacen muddin dai za'a iya girbi, ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar yanayi ingantacce don adanawa.
