A cikin ciyawar gida, nau'ikan cacti na hamada suna girma, alal misali, Echinopsis, Achinocereus, Ferocactus, Rebucius. Hedgehog murtsunguwa, ko Echinocactus, mallakar asalin halittar hamada ne.
A cikin yanayi, akwai nau'ikan Echinocactus:
- Echinocactus Gruzoni;
- Bakannar Rainbow Echinocactus;
- Na kwance Echinocactus;
- Parch Echinocactus.
Amsar
An gano farkon shuka a Mexico a cikin karni na 19. An yi wa Succulent suna ne bayan Herman Gruzon, injiniya, masanin masana'antu, taimakon jama'a da kuma shahararren mai zane a ƙarni na 19.
Bayanin
Ana kuma kiran itacen da ganyen gwal, ƙwallon zinare. Succulent ya sami sunan sa ne saboda yanayin sihiri na kara a cikin matasa da kuma ganga-mai siffa - da girma. A cewar masana kimiyya, cacti na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 500.
Kara yana da farfajiya. An hakarkanta haƙarƙarinsa da adon fari ko launin rawaya mai haske. Tare da shekaru, kashin baya ya sami launin launin ruwan kasa mai haske. Launi na kara yana da duhu kore.
Manyan manya a cikin sassan jikin mutum ana hada su don samar da kyakkyawan shuɗi. Daga kowane areola, nau'ikan kashin baya biyu suke girma: tsakiya da radial. Waɗanda ke tsakiyar suna girma zuwa 5 cm, waɗanda suke yin radial suna girma zuwa cm 3. rns ƙayayuwa, dangane da ire-iren cactus, na iya zama madaidaiciya kuma mai lankwasa.
Kula! Tushen tsire-tsire gajere ne kuma suna kusa da saman ƙasa.
A cikin mazaunin halitta, tsawo na succulents na iya isa 3 m da 1 m a diamita, a cikin gidajen da girman su bai wuce 40 cm ba.
Dankin yana da nau'ikan da yawa waɗanda suka bambanta da juna a tsayi, kauri, launi da kuma nau'ikan spines.
Don haka, alal misali, Echinocactus grusoniivar intertextus yana da kyawawan kashin baya, Echinocactus grusoniivar subinermis, ya yi akasin haka, yana da ƙananan ƙananan spines, Echinocactus grusonii f. monstruosa ya bambanta domin ya girma cikin fagage daban-daban, yana da gajeriyar fararren launin fari da gefuna.
Daban-daban na Echinocactus Gruson
Echinocactus Gruzoni ja
Shagunan fure suna sayar da Gruzoni cacti tare da jan ƙaya. Wannan launi na allura ba na dabi'a bane don murtsunguwa. An samo shi ta hanyar amfani da haƙar ƙananan wucin gadi ta amfani da launuka na abinci, waɗanda aka haɗa su da ƙasa mai yashi.
Tare da shayarwa, dye zai shanye mayukan, kuma sannu a hankali needles zai sa launi da ake so. Don haka, allunan an yi tarko ba wai kawai cikin ja ba, har ma a cikin rawaya mai haske, shuɗi da kore. Cikakken mataccen yana wuce shekaru da yawa.
Idan ana amfani da canza launin abinci don toka, to bazai haifar da lahani ga lafiyar shuka ba.
Hankali! Idan an cire fenti daga ƙasa, to, ƙaya za su sake samun launi na halitta na tsawon lokaci.
Kulawar gida don Echinocactus Gruzoni
Echinocactus mai maye yana da sauƙi a kula. Saboda haka, yana da wuya cikin buƙata tsakanin masu noman fure.
Haske
Itace tana buƙatar tsara haske mai kyau, saboda haka ana sanya tukwane na fure akan kudu ko kudu taga sills. Ba ya tsoron hasken rana kai tsaye. Koyaya, idan babu isasshen hasken, wannan na iya haifar da faɗuwar ƙaya. A maimakon waɗanda ke da faɗi, sababbi za su yi girma, amma za su zama sirara da paler fiye da magabatansu, shuka ita kanta za ta rasa kyakkyawan kyan gani.
Bayan tsawon lokacin hunturu, ba a ba da shawarar shigar da tukunyar filawa a kan windowsillill na kudu, kamar yadda hasken rana kai tsaye na iya ƙone akwati. Ana koyar da 'yan nasara a rana a hankali. Sabili da haka, a cikin bazara ya zama dole don inuwa cactus.
Danshi da zazzabi
Cactus shine tsire-tsire mai ƙauna da zafi, kodayake, idan zazzabi na yanayi ya zama fiye da 30 ° C, shuka zai yi ƙasa da sauri ko ya daina girma. Mafi kyawun zazzabi don grusonii echinocactus a lokacin girma shine 20-25 ° C.
Echinocactus baya son tsafin zafi sosai
Succulents ba su da kyau sosai game da laima kuma yana haɓaka da kyau a cikin busassun iska. Koyaya, a lokacin bazara mai zafi sosai, yana da kyau a feshi a lokaci-lokaci don cactus ɗin tare da ruwa mai fesa.
Hakanan kuna buƙatar sanya itace a lokaci-lokaci a ƙarƙashin gidan wanka don cire ƙurar da ke tarawa tsakanin haƙarƙarin ta.
Watering da taki
A lokacin rani, ana shayar da shuka fiye da sau ɗaya a mako. Zai fi kyau idan an ɗauki ruwa ta hanyar nutsar da tukunya a cikin tanki tare da ruwan dumi. Bayan haka, bada izinin yawan ruwa zuwa magudanar a cikin kwanon. Don kada Tushen su jujjuya, ruwa kuma daga kwanonkin shima an cire shi nan take.
A lokacin girma tare da mita na 1 lokaci na wata daya, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire. Don waɗannan dalilai, ana saya samfuran musamman don cacti a cikin shagon. Sun ƙunshi ƙaramin adadin nitrogen. Don wannan, ana amfani da takin mai magani: Gilea, Stimulus, Flovit da sauransu.
Cin nasara
Yadda ake kulawa da Echinocactus a cikin hunturu? Lokacin hunturu shine lokacin da lokacin sanyi ya fara don murtsunguwa, don haka zazzage ɗakin a ƙasa. Ya kamata ya kasance cikin kewayon daga +10 zuwa + 15 ° С.
Hankali! Temperaturesarancin yanayin zafi ba a yarda da shuka ba.
Idan tukunyar tana ƙasa, kuna buƙatar ware ta daga murfin sanyi. Kuna iya shigar da fure akan slats na katako ko kuma kuran rami a ƙarƙashinsa. Idan ba a yi wannan ba, to tushen zai daskare.
Haske koda a wannan lokacin ba'a rage shi ba. A cikin kaka, ana yin sharar ruwa sau ɗaya a wata, a cikin hunturu ana dakatar da shi. Hakanan, a wannan lokacin, kada ku ciyar.
Saukowa da dasawa
An dasa ƙasa a ƙasa kamar yadda ya cancanta, aƙalla lokaci 1 cikin shekaru 2 ko 3.
Hankali! Lokacin dasawa, kuna buƙatar gwada kada ku cutar da asalin sa. Succulents suna da matukar damuwa ga lalacewar tsarin tushe.
An fi amfani da tukunyar filawa ba cikakke ba. Girmansa ya kamata ya zama 3-5 cm fi girma fiye da tsohon. Mafi kyawun lokacin shekara don dasawa shine bazara.
Don girma murtsunguwa, an sayi ƙasa a shirye, ko kuma cakuda ƙasa an shirya shi da kansa.
Kasa abun da ke ciki:
- 2 hours na ƙasa turf;
- 1 teaspoon na yashi;
- 1 tsp na ganye mai ganye;
- 0.5 hours na kyakkyawan kogi tsakuwa ko crumbs daga bulo.
Hakanan zaka iya ƙara gawataccen gawayi zuwa cakuda. Wannan zai kare tushen succulent daga lalacewa ta hanyar fungi.
Canjin Echinocactus Grisoni
Kafin dasa shuki da shuka, yana da kyau a tsabtace kasar gona da tukunyar filawa. Don wannan, an sanya cakuda ƙasa a cikin tanda na rabin sa'a, ana zubar da akwati sau da yawa tare da ruwan zãfi.
Tsintsiyar hanya:
- Cire kwandon shara daga cikin akwati. Bincika tushen tsarin. Cire ƙazanta da karyewar tushen. Ustaurar da lalatattun wurare tare da karar da aka kunna. Bayan haka, an sanya cactus cikin busassun akwati na kwanaki 3. A wannan lokacin, yanke zai warke a kan tushen sa.
- Cika magudanar magudanar ruwa tare da kauri daga 1-2 cm a cikin tanki.
- Don cika karamin Layer na ƙasa.
- Sanya sandar a cikin tukunya, yada tushen sa.
- Cika Tushen da ƙasa. Shake tukunya a ɗauka da sauƙi saboda ƙasa ta rarraba ko'ina. Damƙasa ƙasa kaɗan.
- Haɗa sama tare da ƙaramin ƙaramin pebbles.
- Sanya tukunya a daki mai dumin haske. Ana kiyaye zafin jiki a cikin kewayon daga 24 zuwa 27 ° C. Fara shayarwa bayan rabin wata.
Hawan echinocactus
Cactus fara Bloom a ƙarshen bazara - farkon lokacin bazara yana da shekaru sama da 20. Bugu da kari, Echinocactus na Gruson ya shiga lokacin fure idan karar mai kara ya zama akalla 40 cm.
Furanni Echinocactus
Buds yawanci kafa a cikin apical ɓangare na kara, wani lokacin su na iya zama a cikin da yawa tiers. A murtsunguwa na fure a cikin rawaya ɗaya, ruwan hoda, ko jan furanni, masu kama da karrarawa.
Furen fure yana gajarta, tare da jin gefuna. Petals kunkuntar, kuma an rufe su da hudun jini. Tsawon fure ya kai cm 7. A maraice, furen ya rufe.
Bayan pollination, 'ya'yan itãcen duhu masu duhu na launi-cakulan-duhu an kafa su a maimakon furanni.
Zaɓuɓɓukan kiwo
Succulents propagated da tsaba da yara. Zabi na biyu yafi sauki. Koyaya, yara ba su bayyana a Echinocactus. Wannan yawanci yakan faru ne idan ƙasan akwatin ya lalace.
Echinocactus tsaba
An fara raba jariri a hankali daga mahaifa, sannan a dasa shi a cikin akwati da aka shirya.
Tsaba
Don shayar da cacti tare da tsaba, kuna buƙatar:
- Jiƙa da tsaba na sa'o'i da yawa a cikin ruwa, to, minti 10 a cikin rauni bayani na potassium permanganate.
- Shirya akwati. Germination zai buƙaci babban fadi mai zurfi ko tukunyar yashi.
- Sanya tsaba a kan yashi mai laushi kuma yayyafa kadan a saman tare da yashi Layer 1-2 mm lokacin farin ciki. Rufe akwati tare da jakar filastik.
- Don tsaba su yi girma a kullun, yana da mahimmanci don tsara samun iska lokaci-lokaci na greenhouse. Watara a wannan lokacin ba ya samar.
- Harbe yana bayyana a tsakanin kwanaki 20-30.
- Matasa succulents nutsar da shuka a cikin tukwane daban.
Tare da kulawa da ta dace da kuma kula da Echinocactus, tsire-tsire zai faranta masu shi da kyakkyawan bayyanar da kyawawan furanni.
