Yadda kwanakin suka girma, yadda dabino kwanan wata suke

Kwanan dabino - amfanin gona mai mahimmanci, mutum ya yi amfani da shi azaman kayan abinci mai ƙimbin yawa, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu bushe suna kan siyarwa. Dubi yadda kwanakin suka girma kuma a shekara suke kawo amfanin gona mai yawa na kilogram 60-80 na 'ya'yan itatuwa a duk tsawon lokacin bunkasar shekaru 60-80, zai zama yanayin rayuwa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin shekara ta 4 na girma.

Yadda kwanakin suka girma

A cikin daji, kwanakin za su iya girma a bishiyoyi da tsirrai.

Kwanan dabino a cikin daji

Shuka tayi girma cikin hanzari a cikin yanayin yanayi na yankuna, a jeji na kasashen da ke da dumama.

A cikin wadanne kasashe

Yanayi na yau da kullun don haɓakawa da 'ya' yantarwa na zamani shine Arewacin Afirka da ƙasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya. Mazauna Saudiya na zamani, Tunisiya, Maroko da Misira na fiye da shekaru dubu 6 suna shuka tsirrai na dangin Palm. A lokaci guda, Indiyawan sun yi sabani kan da'awar 'yan Afirka, dangane da magabatansu a matsayin majagaba yayin girka kwanan wata.

Jerin kasashe na yau da kullun da dabino ya girma ya hada da Iraq, Bahrain, Algeria, Iran, United Arab Emirates, Tunisia da Syria. Ana samun itatuwan dabino a cikin Amurka, Masar, California, Mexico da Ostiraliya. Shugaba na dindindin a fitar da ranakun da aka shuka akan ƙasashensu shine Saudi Arabiya.

Yaɗa Dabbobin daji

Itatuwan bishiyoyin dabino suna yin tushe a kan yashi, yumbu da ƙasa mai nauyi tare da matsataccen salinity. Tsire-tsire suna tsayayya da tsawon fari, amma wasu nau'in suna buƙatar amfani da ruwa mai tsayayyen ruwa. Ana samun sauƙin biyan bukatun ta hanyar malalar ruwa na lokaci-lokaci da ruwan karkashin kasa.

Kwanaki suna ninka iri. Pollinated da iska. Yana ɗaukar kwanaki 200 don 'ya'yan itacen su girma. Abin da cikakke kwanan wata akan itace yayi kama - irin tsararren kwanakin da aka yanyanka ya bushe kuma baƙuwa, yana da ɗanɗano launin shuɗi.

Inda kwanakin suka girma a Rasha

Kwanan wata shuki na buƙatar yanayi mai laushi don girma da 'ya'yan itace. A cikin yankuna masu canji na Transcaucasia, kazalika da maɓallin ƙarƙashin ƙasa na Iran, lokacin bazara yana daɗaɗa da bushewa. A lokacin hunturu, tsaunin Bahar Rum ya wuce ta arewa, kuma Iran a kudu maso gabas. Dabino na dabino na zamani a kudu da tsaunin Caucasus yana ba da sakamako mai kyau.

Noma a cikin kasashen tsohuwar USSR

A bayan zamanin Soviet, an gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da yawa kan darajar kwanakin dabino a cikin USSR. Koyaya, an sami ingantaccen haɓakar girma da 'ya'yan itatuwan dabino a cikin busassun yankuna na Kudancin Turkmenistan. Yawancin 'ya'yan itatuwa a Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan da Kyrgyzstan ana shigo da su daga kasashen kudancin. A cikin Tekun Bahar Maliya, itatuwan dabino sun yi rauni sosai kuma suna mutu da sauri cikin yanayi mai zafi.

Kwanan arianan gargajiyanci sun fi tsayayya da gurɓataccen buguwa; ana noma shi da yawa a matsayin itaciya ta ciyawa a cikin lardunan Krasnodar, Abkhazia, da Georgia.

Ripening kwanakin a Adler

Rarraban wurare na itatuwan dabino na Canary suna girma a kudu na Crimea da kuma a Azerbaijan (Baku, Lankaran). Dasa dabino na kwanan wata a cikin buɗe ƙasa na Ukraine ba su ci nasara ba, har ma da mafaka ta hunturu.

Bayanin 'ya'yan itacen dabino na kwanan wata

A gida, tsohuwar al'adar kwanan wata tana girma a cikin akwati na columnar har zuwa m 2 m, an rufe dabino na dabino tare da ragowar petioles. Don cikakken haɓaka rawanin raka'a, ana jera kwanakin lokaci zuwa matakai daban-daban zuwa ga haske. Ganyen tsire-tsire kore ne, pinnate, har zuwa tsawon 2-6 m, mai lankwasa ta baka. Na shekara guda a itacen dabino ya girma zuwa sababbin ganye goma sha biyu.

Treesan itacen dabino a cikin yanayi suna haifar da yadudduka mara nauyi mai ƙarfi tare da katako mai ƙarfi, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaya kuma mai danɗano ta hanyoyi daban-daban Inflorescences - har zuwa tsawon tsayi, tare da kunnun maza da mata. Kodan furanni yana da kadan, yana da launin rawaya, siffar ƙoƙo. A cikin inflorescences, 3 petals.

Ripening kwanakin

Maza jinsunan tsire-tsire suna sanye da 6 stamens, jinsin mata suna sanye take da kwaro 3 da kuma stamens 6 da aka gyara. Yawan adon furanni ya kai 12,000, ana tattara kofuna na pollin a cikin 6-9 inflorescences, furannin pistil (mace) na 2500 a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa nau'i - kwanakin. Kwanan wata akan itace itace 100-250 kilogiram 2.5-4 cm a girma.

Yadda ake tattara kwanakin

Mafi yawan kwanakin an tattara su ta hanyar yankan ɓoyayyiyar fruitan itacen. A Arewacin Afirka, inda itacen dabino ya fito, masu cin fruita fruitan itace, ta amfani da sanduna ko igiyoyi, hawa dutsen dabino da yanka gungumen, a hankali rage reshe zuwa ga mataimakan da ke ƙasa.

Mazauna California da Saudi Arabiya, inda dabino dabino ke tsiro akan tsiron ɗan adam, girbi ta amfani da hanyar da aka keɓe: girbi dogo, matakala masu dawowa, da ɗaga hannu. Lokacin girbi yana daga watan Agusta zuwa Nuwamba.

Canary Date Palm

Dukkanin kwanakin daya akan bunch guda da rassa akan itacen dabino ya girma a lokuta daban-daban, dole ne ku koma zuwa ga shuka iri daya akai-akai.

Iri da nau'in dabino na kwanan wata

Abinda kwanakin ke dubawa matakai daban-daban na balaga:

• Kimri Makonni goma sha bakwai bayan kammala pollination, farin berries ya zama kore, da sauri ya karu kuma ya ƙunshi danshi 85%. Dandano mai ɗaci ne da tart, saboda babban abun ciki na tannins.
• Khalal Fiye da makonni 6, tropicians sun kalli kwanakin rararwa suna girma, sannan girbi farkon amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace mai launin shuɗi-ja tare da haushi.
• Rutab (Rhutab) - 'Ya'yan itacen sun farfasa makonni 5-7 bayan Halal, nasihun sun yi duhu, matakin ruwan ya ragu zuwa kashi 35%, taro yana raguwa, fatar jiki tayi taushi, naman zai zama mai taushi da sukari.
• Tamr (Tamer) - 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari bushe, m, kuma duhu, kai cikakken balaga. Jin zafi na kwanakin - 20%. Cikakkiyar shirye shiryen zaki da girbi na faruwa ne sati 3 bayan Rutaba.

Hakanan ana tantance kwanan wata ta hanyar danshi:

• bushe ko wuya - gumi 18% (Turi, Zahedi, Sokari);
• Semi-m, ko Semi-taushi - 18-23%;
• taushi - danshi> 23% (Mazfati, Kabkab, Hasui, Barhi, Anbar, Khadravi, Majkhul).

Ana adana 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ƙarfi don shekaru, amma yawancin Bedouins ne suke amfani dasu. Ana shimfiɗa kwanakin ƙasa a bushe kuma a bushe a rana ko a binne su a cikin yashi, da ƙara rayuwar shiryayye zuwa shekaru 2.

Yankunan da ke da wuya da taushi

Turawan da aka matse suna zama “gurasar jeji” - “adju”. Ana siyar da nau'ikan taushi da Semi-m a set.

Yadda ake kulawa da dabino na yau a gida

Shin zai yiwu mu girma daga zuriya

Itace dabino zai yi girma a cikin watanni 5-6, amma tsararren tsire-tsire ba zai ba da 'ya'ya a ɗakin zafin jiki. Abinda ke faruwa a cikin yanayin halitta ya kai girman 1 m cikin shekaru 4, na gaba shekaru 2-3 masu zuwa bayan dasa shuki zai sami isasshen sarari akan windowsill. Itatuwan tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa zasu zama kyawawan kayan ado ga ɗakin zama, ɗakin kwana ko dafa abinci. Hakanan zai zama kyauta mai kyau ga dangi, abokai ko ma'aikata.

Yadda ake girma dabino na dutse daga dutse

Ranar tana juyawa daga ƙashin da bai taɓa kulawa da zafin rana ba, 'ya'yan itatuwa da' ya'yan itace bushe daga shagon zai zama zaɓi mafi kyau. Sau da yawa saboda kokarin gwaji, mutane kan jingina iri a cikin tukunyar fure, kuma yana ɗaukar tushe. A gida, tsiron ya fito a cikin watanni shida. Mafi kyawun lokacin dasa dabino shine Fabrairu-Maris.

Hanyar girma dabino itace mai sauqi, ya isa mu bi shawara da dama:

1. Yakamata a tsabtace kasusuwa kuma a wanke su, yana hana aiwatar da lalata. A cikin jihar da aka wanke, an ba da izinin tsaba don yin kwanciya har tsawon rana har zuwa mataki na gaba - soaking.
2. Bonean kwanan wata yana da wuya, yin fure tare da sandpaper zai taimaka hanzarta fitar da ƙwayar, kuma zaka iya tafasa shi a cikin ruwan zafi.
   

   Kwanan dabino a daki

3. Ana ba da iyakar sakamako ta hanyar soaking ta amfani da ulu ulu. Wani shinge na ulu auduga yana da yalwa da ruwa, an sanya shi a kan farantin, an sanya shi a dutse, an rufe shi saman tare da ƙarin yanki na ulu auduga. Kyakkyawan madadin don ulu na auduga zai zama tilas, sawdust, hydrogel.
4. Don germination, ana buƙatar adadin zafi. An saka akwati na auduga a kan batirin. Ya rage don sarrafa kullun matakin danshi, ƙara ruwa.
5. Wellarshe mai ƙonewa tana shirye don dasawa cikin ƙasa.

Ranar canza dabino

Ana dasa bishiyoyin dabino a ƙarƙashin shekarun 4-5 zuwa shekara, tsire-tsire na manya - bayan shekaru 2-3. Yi hanya a cikin bazara. Sannan, sau ɗaya a shekara / watanni shida, an cire babban ƙasa ƙasa, an rufe yankin da aka ɓoye da sabon ƙasa. Don dasawa, ana amfani da tukunya 3-4 cm mafi girma a diamita. An sanya daji a hankali zuwa sabon akwati, voids suna cike da ƙasa. Lokacin zabar cakuda ƙasa mai ƙare, zaɓi "Don dabino" ya dace. Bayan ka yanke shawarar shirya ƙasar da kanka, ya kamata ka bi waɗannan kasala:

• 2 sassa na lãka-soddy ƙasa;
• 2 sassan abubuwan haɗin humus-sheet;
• Peat part 1;
• 1 bangare na taki
• 1 yanki na yashi;
• karamin adadin gawayi.

Kwanan wata Robelini

Yadda ya kamata ƙasa ta kasance: sako-sako, taushi, danshi, da numfashi. A kasan tukunya, yakamata a shirya ramin magudanar ruwa wanda zai iya hana ruwa tsayawa. Capacityarfin dasa kada ta kasance mai fa'ida, amma babba, yana samar da jituwa mai gamsarwa na dogon lokaci.

Nasihun Kulawa

Don kuma itacen kwanan wata na cikin gida don yin ado da gidan, kula da shi tsawon shekaru yana buƙatar la'akari da mahimman abubuwan:

1. Itacen itacen dabino yana jin tsoron zane-zane. Zazzage ɗakin a cikin kaka ko hunturu, ya kamata ka kare shuka daga kwararar iska mai sanyi.
2. Don kula da dabino, da ingantaccen, mai taushi, ruwa mai kyauta na chlorine tare da zazzabi na 20 ° C ya dace.
3. Ganyayyaki suna buƙatar fesawa yau da kullun, shafa tare da soso. Don haka za a kiyaye dabino daga kwari, zai sami kyakkyawan yanayin kyau. Kowane mako ana tilasta al'adar ga rai na ainihi, yana rufe ƙasa da fim.
4. Ba a yarda da sare ko karya saman dabino ba. Mutuwar shuka ba makawa.
5. Ana ciyar da itatuwan dabino tare da masu hakar gwal da kwayoyin: kowane sati 2 a cikin lokacin dumi kuma sau ɗaya a wata a cikin hunturu. Ya dace da dabino da tsire-tsire masu rarrafe. An fi dacewa da takin mai magani a cikin ƙasa rigar, a cikin nau'in diluted.

Yadda ake kulawa da kwanan wata na ado a gida

Kwanan dabino daga dutse zai iya yin ado a ciki ko kuma ya lalata coziness da kwanciyar hankali gaba ɗaya. Idan inji ba shi da lafiya, zai yi kama da unsightly: da ganye ne j yellowya rawaya, duhu, da dama a kashe, da kututture zama m, an putrefactive wari an kafa. Cututtuka suna bayyana lokacin da kwari ba su kiyaye shi ba ta hanyar da ta dace.

Yanayin Watering

Kasancewar dasa dabino daga zuriyar yayin da shuka ta fito, ana bukatar ruwa sosai, a wani gefen gama bushewa kasar gona. Kamar yadda yarinyar daji ke girma, yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa saman (2-3 cm), ana gudanar da ruwa kamar yadda yake bushewa.

Ruwan da yake saura a cikin kwanon ya kamata a zana shi nan da nan. A cikin hunturu, rayayyun hanyoyin shuka suna raguwa, kuma an rage girman hydration. Stagnation na danshi zai kai ga mutuwar tushen tsarin, kwanakin zasu mutu.

Abubuwan da ake buƙata na walƙiya

Zai fi kyau shuka itacen dabino a wani wuri mai cike da hasken, kullun juya kara zuwa rana, duk ganye zasu shiga cikin tsarin aikin photosynthesis. Ba tare da haske ba, ganyen yana ta shimfiɗawa, ba tare da yaɗuwa ba kuma ya zama rago.

Sanya kwanuka akan batirin a cikin hunturu yana barazanar zafi. Tsarin marmara ko taga sabanin haka yana shafar tsarin tushen dabino. Tallafin kayan ado na tsayin da ake buƙata zai magance matsalar. A lokacin rani, wuri mafi kyau shine a waje ba tare da zane ba. A lokacin sultry, dole ne a girgiza shuka a takaice, yana hana bayyanar kunar rana a jiki.

Me yasa kwanan dabino ya bar duhu

Idan ganyayyaki suka yi duhu, ku juye cikin bututu kuma su faɗi ƙasa, ƙananan filayen launin ruwan kasa sun bayyana a farfajiya, waɗannan sune alamun farko na bayyanar baƙi ba tsammani. Kwanan dabino yana da saurin cutar mealybug, glandon thyroid, gizo-gizo. Tsayayya da maganin sabulu (mafi kyawun amfani da sabulu mai wanki don wanka), ruwan tafarnuwa ko Actellika.

Kwanan dabino ya bushe

Cikakke inuwa mai launin shuɗi-kore na tafin hannu yana nuna wucewar haske ko lalacewa ta hanyar ruwan gizo-gizo gizo-gizo. Brown spots a cikin ganyayyaki ganye siginar bukatar rage ruwa. Game da rashin isasshen ciyawar ƙasa, tsirran zai rage ganye, bushewar iska zata sa tukwicin ganyen ya bushe. Tausasa akwati da duhun ganyayyaki sune sakamakon yawaitar ruwa. Matsalar yawanci tana tare da wari mara dadi.

Amfanin da lahanin kwanakin

Kwanan wata magani ne mai zaki da lafiya wanda zai iya maye gurbin Sweets ko sukari. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun ƙunshi bitamin B, carotene (provitamin A) da bitamin K. Daga cikin abubuwan ma'adinai,' ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da wadataccen abinci a cikin potassium, sun ƙunshi alli, phosphorus, magnesium da baƙin ƙarfe.

Hakanan ana kiyaye ƙananan abun ciki na sodium, zinc, jan ƙarfe da manganese. Abubuwan da ke cikin kalori na kwanakin ya kai 280-340 kcal ga gram 100 na kayan, ya dogara da nau'ikan.