Blooming spring lambu fascinates da kyau. Bishiyoyi da shrubs, a zahiri tafasa a cikin launuka daban-daban, bar wani indelible alama. Amma ko da a kan wannan batu, madarar almond uku tana kama da hakikanin sarki.
Bayanan Botanical
Almonds uku-uku (wani suna sunaye uku) suna cikin jinsin Plum (Prunus), na iyalin Rosaceae. A baya can, irin wannan bambance-bambancen ya bambanta a cikin bambancin bambancin na Louiseania. Kasashensa sune China da Koriya.
Shin kuna sani? Bisa ga wannan fassarar, kalmar "almond" ta fito ne daga Girkanci "amygdalos", wanda ke nufin "itace mai kyau".Wannan itace tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire bichromatic, an samo shi a hanyar wani shrub, kuma a cikin wani karamin itace. Tsawonsa zai kai mita 5. Ganyayyaki suna da tsayi, a kwance uku-lobed a iyakar. Furen Terry ya kai 5 cm a diamita. Sun zo cikin nau'o'i daban-daban, daga haske mai haske zuwa crimson. Flowering fara a watan Mayu kuma zai iya wuce har zuwa makonni 2 (yana dogara ne akan nau'ikan iri iri). 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne mai ja, zagaye, suna cikin "drupe", a cikin yanayin latsawa wanda bazai iya ba da ita ba. Su ne inedible.
Ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da tsire-tsire irin su honeysuckle da ficus.
Forms da iri
An jima jinsin wannan nau'i ne a matsayin tsirrai. Dangane da nau'o'in daji, yawancin iri dake da furanni masu launin daban daban da kuma lokutan zamani daban-daban sun ci gaba.
Luiseania siffofin
Don kayan ado na lambun, masu zane-zane da masu lambu suna da damar da za su zabi daya daga cikin siffofin luiseania guda biyu - itace ko shrub. Dukansu siffofin suna da ƙarfin haɓaka.
Popular iri
Watakila mafi mashahuri a cikin latitudes sa'a ita ce "Haɗuwa." Yana da shrub kai mita biyu a tsawo. Flowers gustomahrovye ruwan hoda. Flowering yana kusa da kwanaki goma. Iyakar "Joy" zai iya kasancewa itace da tsire-tsire. A lokacin flowering, wannan nau'in almond yana rufe da manyan furanni mai duhu. "Joy" yana nufin iri iri, tsire-tsire ya fara fure a watan Afrilu. M sha'awa iri-iri "Snow Uemury". Wannan itace itace shrub, kai mita uku. Yawan furanni guda biyu suna da launin ruwan hoda mai laushi, wadda aka maye gurbinsu da kirim.
Shin kuna sani? Sakamakon "Snow Uemura" wanda ake kira bayan shahararrun matafiyi na kasar Japan, wanda ya mutu yayin hawa Mt McKinley - mafi girma mafi girma na Arewacin Amirka.
Kyawawan haske mai launin launuka daban-daban suna "Crimson". Suna da launi mai launin fata. Tsarin kanta kanta yana da siffar wani ƙananan daji tare da madaidaicin harbe. Bambancin "Vesnyanka" kamar itace plum. A cikin idon ruwa an rufe shi da manyan furanni-m furanni. Babban abin da yake da shi shi ne babban juriya na ƙonawa (moniliosis).
Inda Almaye Shuka
Abun almond guda uku suna da damuwa da zabi na wuri na dasa, domin ci gaba na al'ada da kuma sauƙaƙe na kulawa da shi dole ne irin wannan wuri ya dace da wasu ka'idodi. Wadannan ka'idojin sun kasance iri ɗaya ga nau'i biyu na almond - itace da shrub.
Zaɓi wuri da haske
Kada a cika ambaliyar yankin almond a cikin bazara; banda kuma, babban matakin ruwa na ƙasa yana da wanda ba a ke so. Har ila yau wajibi ne cewa wurin yana da rana kuma an kare shi daga iska.
Shuka ƙasa
Mafi kyau ga shuka shi ne wata ƙasa mai laushi mai haske da rashin ƙarfi. Kusan ya dace da shi shine kasa mai laushi.
Dasa dokoki seedlings
Don dasa an dauke mafi kyau shekaru uku seedlings. Don dasa su shirya rami game da rabin mita zurfin. Don mafita mafi kyau, an rufe kasan rami da 15 cm na launin bakin ciki ko ƙanƙara mai zurfi kuma 200 g na lemun tsami an kara da shi. Tushen shuka an rufe shi da cakuda, waɗanda aka gyara su ne sassa 3 na ƙasa mai laushi, 2 sassa na humus da sashi na yashi. Ƙasa a kusa da itacen yana dan kadan kuma an shayar da shi sosai.
Kuma don dasa shuki irin shuke-shuke kamar yadda viburnum, shadberry, pear iri "Veles" da kuma "Rogned", shi ne mafi alhẽri a yi amfani da shekaru uku seedlings.
Yana yiwuwa shuka seedlings duka a cikin bazara, da kuma a cikin fall. A cikin bazara an dasa su lokacin da aka kafa yanayi mai dumi, lokacin da babu hadarin sanyi. A cikin fall, an dasa shuki bayan fall fall. An yi la'akari da tsire-tsire a matsayin mafi kyawun zaɓi. Lokacin da dasa shuki da yawa bishiyoyi ko shrubs, da nisa tsakanin su ana kiyaye akalla mita uku.
Shuka yaduwa
Akwai wasu hanyoyi da za a iya haifar da almond, wanda yake da gonaki mai yawa don zaɓar daga. Yi la'akari da waɗannan hanyoyi.
Daga kasusuwa
Da wannan hanyar haifuwa, ana amfani da 'ya'yan itacen da shrub. An dasa itacen almond da aka dasa a cikin ƙasa. Gasa rami yana samar da zurfin 10 cm, a nesa na 10-12 cm daga juna. Bayan da sauka tare da ƙasa da watering, dasa kayan bazai buƙatar karin kulawa ba.
Bayan fitowar seedlings, duniya da ke kewaye da su an sassare su kuma an sako su. An harbe harbe zuwa wuri na dindindin lokacin da suka kai kusan 50 cm a tsawo. A lokaci guda, a kan sashi na sashi 10 cm daga gwanin tushen, dukkanin waƙoƙin da aka bayyana sun yanke. Zai yiwu a dasa kasusuwa a cikin marigayi kaka da farkon lokacin bazara. A lokacin dasa shuki, ana rarraba kasusuwa - a cikin firiji a 3-5 ° C na kimanin watanni hudu.
Daga cuttings
An samo asarar cututtuka a rabi na biyu na Yuni. Don yin wannan, yanke lignified apical harbe. Dole ne su ƙunshi nau'i biyu, tsawon lokacin da aka yanke shine 15-20 cm.Bayan haka, an sanya cututtukan awa 24 a cikin wani bayani na stimulator, sa'an nan kuma a dasa (an saka kayan da aka sanya a cikin rufi) a cikin wani gine-gine. An yi amfani dashi don yaduwa da yashi da kuma peat a cikin wani rabo na 1: 2. An kafa asalinsu da yawa bayan makonni 3-4, bayan haka an cire cuttings don buɗe ƙasa, inda suke bunkasa zuwa yanayin da ake so, bayan haka an dasa su zuwa wuri na dindindin.
Daga layering
Hanyar haifuwa da layering fara a farkon spring, kafin shuka tada daga hunturu dormancy. Ƙananan rassan tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire suna lankwasawa ƙasa kuma an kafa su cikin wannan matsayi. Ma'anar gyare-gyare an yayyafa ƙasa, daga bisani, ana kulawa da shi kamar sapling - sun sassauta ƙasa kewaye da shi kuma suna sha ruwa. Bayan shekara guda, lakaran sunyi tushe, ana iya rabu da shi daga iyayen iyaye kuma an dasa shi zuwa wuri mai dacewa.
Irin shuke-shuken kamar plum, currant, Kampsis, fir, viburnum, guzberi, heather da cotoneaster haifa ta layering.
Inoculation
Ana amfani da wannan hanyar kiwo a cikin bazara ko a watan Agusta. Don hannun jari za su zabi resistant ga nau'in almond. Yin amfani da plum, thorns ko plums kuma yana ba da sakamako mai kyau. Don takarda, yi amfani da ƙwayar almonds da ƙirar ido da kuma yanke ganye.
An ajiye kayan da ƙazanta da ƙarancin T-a kan haushi a sama da takalma mai tushe, an sanya murfin da aka sa a baya, an kira shi "garkuwa" a can, an goge shi akan haushi da ƙasa tare da teffi mai mahimmanci don amintacce. Harshen itace wani sutsi na haushi daga wani sashi wanda ya ƙunshi koda. Dole ne ya dace daidai da haushi na samfur. Idan an yi alurar riga kafi a cikin bazara, to, bayan koda ya fara tushe, an cire tef. A cikin yanayin wani alurar riga kafi, za a bar tefatar har sai bazara.
Yana da muhimmanci! An yi imani da cewa mafi kyau flowering a farkon iri dake uku almond, shi ya fara kafin bayyanar da ganye. A ƙarshen iri, flowering farawa da bayyanar kananan ganye kuma yana da yawa fiye da na farkon - har zuwa kwanaki 16.
Kula da almonds uku-lobed
Almond kulawa mai sauƙi ne, amma ya zama na yau da kullum. Dole ne a fara yin gyaran ƙasa a kusa da akwati a ƙarshen Maris. Wannan hanya dole ne a sake maimaita sau 3-4 a cikin kakar girma. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da weeds a kai a kai a kusa da shuka.
Watering
Almonds suna da albarkatun gona na fari, amma duk da wannan, yana da kyau wajen haifar da 'ya'yan itace kuma yayi girma tare da isasshen ban ruwa. Idan aka shuka shuka kuma ta tsiro a cikin ƙasa mai yashi, to sai a shayar da shi fiye da yadda tsire-tsire da aka dasa a kasa.
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Don albarkatun gona na fari sun hada da chumizu, hussar hussar da sojojin.
Dole ne a yi watering lokacin da saman saman ƙasa ya bushe daga kimanin 1-1.5 cm sannan an zuba guga na ruwa a cikin zagaye mai kusa. Dole ne a tuna da shi cewa waterlogging iya haifar da rotting daga cikin tushen. Seedlings ana shayar more sau da yawa, game sau ɗaya kowace 10-15 days. Idan babu yiwuwar ruwa da almonds a cikin kakar girma, to, ya kamata ka yi ƙoƙarin shirya tsarawa na yau da kullum a kalla a spring da kaka.
Top dressing
Safiyar yau da kullum yana ba ka damar samun nasara mafi girma na almond. Da farko na bazara, kowane itace ko shrub ya kamata a ciyar da wani bayani na 1 kg na taki da kuma 20 g ammonium nitrate, wanda aka diluted da lita 10 na ruwa. A cikin fall, yana da shawara don ƙara potassium sulphate ƙarƙashin rhizomes na almond a cikin wani saje tare da superphosphate biyu - kimanin 20 g da 1 square mita. m Bugu da ƙari, a cikin fall yana buƙatar haɓaka harbe-shekara da ba su da lokaci zuwa tsanantawa.
Pruning
Pruning, duka m da na ado (yankan flowering harbe don bouquets), almonds tolerates da kyau. Ya kamata a yi pruning a matsayin ingancin bayan shuka ya ragu. Yana da muhimmanci a yanke shekara-shekara harbe, kazalika da waxannan cututtuka kuma ba a ba full flowering rassan.
Yana da muhimmanci! Wannan jinsin ba shi da damuwa ga sanyi (zai iya tsayayya da -30°C), game da ragowar lokaci mai tsawo, lokacin da furen fure yake kara. Tare da kara karuwa a cikin zafin jiki, waɗannan buds zasu mutu.
Cututtuka da kwari
Babban kwari da almonds ne leafworm da aphid. Za a iya rinjayar da hikima ta hanyar taimakon chlorophos bayani (ƙaddamar da 0.15-0.3%) ta hanyar raya waƙoƙin. A kan aphids, wani bayani na sabulu na gida yana da kyau a nauyin 200-300 g sabulu da lita 10 na ruwa. Wannan bayani ne aka fesa tare da ganye shafi aphids.
Gaskiya na hakika na almonds shine mummunan cututtuka na kwayoyin cuta (watau monilial burn), don yaki da tsire-tsire da ruwan Bordeaux kowane 15-20 days. Bugu da ƙari, wannan annoba, wannan jinsin yana nuna damuwa da lalacewar launin toka, wadda za a iya kawar da ita kawai ta hanyar yanke rassan da aka shafa a cikin hunturu ko bazara, nan da nan bayan lokacin flowering. Da wannan cututtukan, yana da mahimmanci don hana yaduwar kwakwalwan kwalliya.
Saboda haka, ba za a iya kiran almonds uku-lobed ba. Cibiyoyin mai cike da ƙwarewa suna fuskantar wasu matsalolin ci gaba da ita: ƙwarewa ga dogon lokaci da raguwa, mai yiwuwa ga wasu cututtuka. Duk da haka, waɗannan matsalolin suna da yawa, kuma in ba haka ba, dasawa da kula da wannan itace ornamental ko shrub yana da sauki. Sakamakon gwagwarmaya za su kasance mai girma, wanda ba a iya mantawa ba.
