Epiphyllum, ko cactus na gandun daji, tsire-tsire masu kyau ne na asalin yankin mai zafi, Mexico da Amurka ta Tsakiya. Dankin yana cikin dangin Epiphytic cactus, amma ya banbanta da cacti na yau da kullun a cikin hanyar daji tare da mai tushe mai siffar ganye.
Epiphyllum fure ne wanda ke sauƙaƙe tushe a gida. Masu ƙaunar tsirrai na gida, yana jin daɗin yawan furanni 1-2 a shekara. The mai tushe na shuka suna kama da rawaya-kore ganye tare da serrated baki da spines a gefuna.
Furen fure
Tsarin launi yana da yawa, ciki har da tabarau: cream, ruwan hoda, fari, ja, rawaya, lemo.
Kula! A gida, shuka zai iya bada 'ya'ya, wannan na buƙatar giciye-pollination. Ya danganta da iri-iri, 'ya'yan itacen suna da launin kore ko launi na lilac, an rufe su da ƙaya akan. Abincinsu ne, suna da dandano mai ɗanɗano, saboda wani cakuda abarba da strawberries.
Anguliger
Epulillum iri-iri Anguliger yana nufin "angular", mai tushe yana da launi mai launin shuɗi-kore, yana sanyawa da yawa a gindi. An rarrabe shi ta rarrabuwa mai zurfi wanda ya rarraba mai tushe zuwa sassan yanki mai siffa. Dukansu cikin daji kuma a gida, shuka yakan zama tushen asalinsa. Furanni ya kai 10-20 cm tsayi kuma 5-8 cm a fadin, suna da fararen launi, buɗe da maraice da dare, suna da ƙanshi mai daɗi.
Ackerman
Epiphyllum na Ackerman an bambanta shi ta hanyar kayan adon shi, yana da sigar tsinin tsinkaye mai tsayi tare da hakora a gefunan. A gida, girman kara zai iya kaiwa 5 cm a fadin kuma 60 cm tsayi. Furen yana girma har zuwa 15 cm a diamita, epiphyllum yana da launin ja, ana iya fenti fari ko rawaya.
Ackerman iri-iri
Oxypetalum
Epiphyllum cultivar Oxypetalum, ko acutifolia - nau'in jinsunan da aka fi dacewa. Sauran sunan shi Sarauniyar Dare. Yana da tarko mai ɗaukar gashi ba tare da dunƙule ba, zai iya kaiwa mita 2-3 ba ga tsayi. Girman fure a cikin diamita ya kai 17-19 cm, fure a cikin dare, suna da ƙanshi mai daɗin ƙarfi.
Guatemalan
Guatemalan Epiphyllum cactus ne wanda ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan nau'ikan suturar sa. Yana ko dai yana da haɗin haɗi zuwa 5 cm tsayi, siffar wanda yayi kama da ganyen itacen oak, ko kuma yana da siffar sabani. Furannin furanni kaɗan ne, epiphyllum yana da launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda.
Kula! Tushen tsirrai na Guatemalan a cikin tsarin su yayi kama da ganyen mban makirci. Hakanan ana shirya su cikin jerin sassan, da yawa suna rikitar da waɗannan tsirrai kuma suna cikin gida ɗaya. Akwai kadan a gama-gari tsakanin su, kowannensu yana da nasa halaye na kulawa da shayarwa, bukatun abubuwan hadewar kasa da kuma hasken wuta.
Da sauransu
A gida, cacti suna girma daga asalin halitta, akwai kusan 20 iri ko kuma nau'in matasan, wanda akwai kusan 200. Daga cikin tsire-tsire na cikin gida ana samun su sau da yawa:
- Marniera na Epiphyllum cultivar. Yana da tarko a wajan ɓoye wanda akan tonon fure. Fulawa yana farawa a ƙarshen hunturu, ana fentin buds a launin rawaya, ja, ruwan lemo, fari da ruwan hoda;
- Wani iri-iri da ake kira Lau, a dogo mai tushe ya girma zuwa mm 5 a tsawon. Alamun masu launin cream suna buɗewa a maraice da kuma fure har zuwa kwanaki 2, suna da ƙanshin kamshi mai ƙanshi;
- Epiphyllum Paul de Lonpre - iri ne wanda ke da ƙananan tushen tsarin, zaku iya zaɓar karamin tukunya don dasa shi;
- Cactus Just Pru shine nau'in matasan da ke yaduwa wanda aka yadu da shi ta hanyar itace. Launi mai haske mai haske na fure mai duhu tare da duhu shine alamar wannan iri-iri;
- Ephyhyllum cultivars Phyllanthus na iya samar da duka guda da kuma mayann haɓaka na launuka masu launuka masu launuka masu launin shuɗi-fari-fari;
- Abubuwan da ke buɗewa a cikin jigged cactus epifillum an bambanta shi da yawan harbe-harbe, ana buɗe furannin sa cikin duhu.
Sort Lau
Kula! Ba duk nau'ikan Kaktusovs sun dace da haɓaka a gida ba, wasun su suna girma zuwa manyan girma, kuma girman mahalli bazai isa wurin sanya al'ada ba. Misali, nau'ikan Epiphyllum Anguliger sun fi yawa a girman, sabanin Epiphyllum Oxypetalum da Guatemalense, waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarin sarari.
Kulawa da shuka daga lokacin dasa shine ya kasu zuwa tushen tushen shuka da kuma kiyaye yanayin zama dole. Don murtsunguwa, wadatar isasshen hasken wuta da kiyaye yawan zafin jiki tsakanin 20-25 ° C suna da mahimmanci.
A lokacin rani, epiphyllum na iya zama a waje. Bayan fure, furannin fure tare da tsire-tsire ana iya ɗaukar su a waje kuma a haƙa shi a cikin ƙasa, ya kamata ku zaɓi wani wuri ba tare da zane-zane masu ƙarfi don wannan ba.
A waje
Tushen tushe
Da farko, ana sanya shuka a cikin karamin tukunya, yayin da yake girma, ana watsa shi cikin jirgin ruwa mafi girma. Domin murtsunguwa don ɗauka da tushe, yana da mahimmanci a bi duk ƙa'idodin dasa tsiro. Yana buƙatar substrate don cacti, magudanar ruwa da shuka tare da asalinsu. Yadda za a shuka:
- Sanya wani magudanar ruwa 4-5 cm lokacin farin ciki a kasan tukunyar;
- Zuba 6-7 cm na madaidaiciya a saman magudanar ruwan kuma sanya shuka a tsakiyar, yada tushen;
- Cika ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun a gefunan murfin tare da ƙasa. Kuna buƙatar matsa kan tukunya da dabbobinku domin iska mai yawa ta fito, ƙasa kuwa ta yi birgima.
Kula! A cikin lokacin sanyi, a lokacin dormancy na shuka, zazzabi a cikin ɗakin kada ya faɗi ƙasa da 10-15 ° C.
Ilasa da takin
Cacti yana buƙatar tsaka tsaki ko yanayin ɗan acidic, ƙasa dole ne ta kasance mai kwance don ba da damar musayar iska. Ana shuka Epiphyllums a cikin musanya ta musamman don cacti, wanda aka sayar a cikin shagon. Hakanan zaka iya yin abun da ya dace da kanka, wannan na bukatar:
- Fibrous soddy ƙasa - 200 g;
- Sheet ƙasa - 200 g .;
- Gawayi mai kyau - 50 g;
- M yashi, zai fi dacewa kogi - 50 g;
- Peat - 50 g.
Mahimmanci! Groundasa don epiphyllum dole ne ta kasance mai tsabta, ba tare da lahani na lemun tsami ba. Da takin zamani da aka yi amfani dashi dole ya ƙunshi nitrogen.
A cikin bazara da bazara, ana ciyar da shuka kowane mako 2 tare da taki don cacti. Wajibi ne don rage sashi wanda aka nuna akan kunshin sau 2. Bayan an kirkiro buds, an haɗo ruwa da mullein a cikin rabo na 4: 1 ana amfani dashi don ciyar. Bayan shuka tayi fure, zaku iya madadin ciyar da mullein da takin zamani har zuwa lokacin bazara.
Kula! A cikin hunturu, furen ya kasance ya kasance hutawa na tsawon makonni 4, a lokacin ne ake shayar da shi kadan amma ba a hadu dashi ba.
Jin zafi
Don abun ciki na epiphyllum, ba lallai ba ne don kula da takamaiman iska. Ana buƙatar ƙarin humidification a cikin lokacin zafi, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki sama ya wuce 25 ° C. Don yin wannan, zaku iya fesa mai tushe na shuka ko ku shafe su da zane mai bushe, idan kamannin su ya ba da damar. A cikin lokacin sanyi, an rage yawan ban ruwa zuwa lokaci 1 a wata daya ko kuma gaba ɗaya ya tsaya.
Fuskar fure akan duhu
Watse
Duk da gaskiyar cewa epiphyllum na gidan Cactus ne, yana buƙatar wadataccen shayarwa. Wajibi ne a shayar da shi lokacin da saman ƙasa a cikin tukunya ya bushe, ba sau biyu ba sau biyu a wata.
Zaka iya amfani da ruwan da aka zazzage, ba tare da kazamin chlorine ba, yakamata ya kasance a zazzabi a ɗakin. Yakamiyar tukunyar fure yakamata ta tsaya akan pallet wanda ruwa zai wuce.
Idan shuka yana cikin wuri mai sanyi, a lokacin kaka-hunturu, ana iya dakatar da shawo ko rage zuwa lokaci 1 na wata daya. A farkon lokacin bazara, shaƙewa yana zama mai sannu a hankali, mutum ba zai iya komawa da sauri ba cikin jadawalin da ya gabata, yawan ruwa a hankali yana ƙaruwa. Kuna iya farawa da shayarwa 1 a kowane mako 2-3.
Mahimmanci! Ba za ku iya fesa shuka a cikin hasken rana mai zafi ba, saboda wannan, ƙonewa na iya bayyana akan mai tushe.
Kowane irin tsire-tsire iri-iri na fure daban, yana da lokacinsa don fure. Epiphyllum fari da ja iya bambanta ba wai kawai a launi ba, har ma a sifa, wari da girman furen. Domin shuka ya yi fure, tukunyar dole ta tsaya a kan windowsill a gabas ko yamma a gefen. A lokacin rani, murtsunguwa na iya zama a waje, amma ya kamata a guji hasken rana kai tsaye.
Furanni Bloom bi da bi, kowane blooms daga 'yan kwanaki zuwa mako. Ana fara ruwa a lokacin bazara, yawanci a tsakiyar watan Afrilu, amma wasu nau'in phylloctactus sun yi ta maimaita a cikin kaka.
Fure mai dumbin yawa
Dalilan da yasa bazaiyi fure ba
Idan aka kula da shuka yadda yakamata, zai iya dakatar da fure. Rashin yarda da yanayin zafin jiki, rashi ko wuce haddi na danshi suna shafar gandun daji. Me yasa epiphyllum baiyi furewa na dogon lokaci:
- Yawan zafin jiki mai yawan gaske lokacin hunturu;
- Yawan wuce haddi na nitrogen a cikin shuka;
- Rashin ruwa a lokacin zafi;
- Yawan ruwa a cikin hunturu;
- Rashin hasken wuta;
- Kasancewar cututtukan fungal a cikin shuka.
Kula! Ba za ku iya motsawa ba ko juya tukunya tare da shuka a lokacin furanni - epiphyllum na iya rasa furanni da furannin da ba a sansu ba.
Hanyoyi don yin fure
A murtsunguwa na iya fure ne kawai idan ya girma a cikin yanayi mai kyau. Ba shi da ma'anar yin fure shuka idan yana cikin yanayin da bai dace ba. Idan babu furanni da yawa har tsawon lokaci, ana iya keta dokar don kula da shuka.
Yadda za a sa epiphyllum fara Bloom:
- Duba yawan danshi. Ba za a ƙara yin ɗumi ba, kuma kada shuka ya kasance a cikin ƙasa mai bushe;
- Bayar da isasshen hasken haske. Idan furen yana kan windowsill a gefen arewa, kuma babu yiwuwar sanya shi a yamma ko gabas, wajibi ne a motsa shi kusa da taga kamar yadda zai yiwu;
- Gabatar da miya idan ba a daɗe da wannan;
- Duba abun da ke ciki na takin da ake amfani da shi don iskar nitrogen. Tataccen tsire-tsire na iya tsoma baki tare da fure;
- Bayar da shuka tare da wani lokacin sanyi, sanya shi a cikin dakin sanyi lokacin hunturu;
- Gyara tsohuwar harbe da mai tushe;
- Cire harbe-nau'in sifofi na trihedral, furanni ba su da yawa a kansu;
- A farkon bazara, zaku iya ba da gidan yartsatsi tare da ruwa mai ɗumi daga kwalban feshi. Yawancin lambu suna amfani da wannan hanyar don taimakawa shuka "farka", ba da daɗewa ba lokacin farin ciki ya bayyana akan mai tushe - buds nan gaba;
- Bincika mai tushe na shuka don inclusions ko haɓaka. Wataƙila murtsunguwa mai saurin kamuwa da naman gwari, wanda ke rage jinkirin ci gabansa kuma ya tsoma baki tare da fure.
Epiphyllum yana haɓaka ta hanyar yaduwa ta hanyar itace da tsaba, kowane hanya yana da fa'ida da rashin amfani.
Dankali ya yanke
Tsaba
Ana iya girma Epiphyllum daga tsaba, wanda zai buƙaci:
- Tsaba
- Wiwi tare da ƙananan tarnaƙi;
- Yi abu don cacti da succulents;
- Gilashin ko polyethylene;
- Lambatu (pebbles, polystyrene);
- Shebur.
Yadda ake girma:
- A kasan tukunyar a cikin magudanar ruwa 1 an shimfiɗa ta, an zuba 3-4 cm na kwalba akan shi. Komai yana shayar da ruwa sosai;
- Tsaba suna yada a ko'ina, suna buƙatar a yayyafa shi da ɗan adadin substrate. Yakamata a zurfafa su da mm 5-6;
- An tukunya tukunya da filastik ko kuma an rufe shi da gilashi. Ya kamata ya tsaya a cikin wurin da aka yi fitila a zazzabi na 20-25 ° C;
- A kowace rana, amfanin gona dole ne a iska ta hanyar buɗe gilashin ko fim don minti 45-50. Bayan makonni 2-3, an cire rufin kariya;
- Zai iya canza yaduwar itace zuwa cikin tukwane daban-daban lokacin da suka kai girman 4-5 mm a tsayi.
Amintaccen tare da tsaba koyaushe ya kasance rigar, don wannan an ban ruwa da ruwa daga kwalban feshi. A lokaci mai tsawo, mai tushe sun samo sihiri mai laushi, tsire-tsire masu girma daga tsaba zasuyi fure bayan shekaru 5.
Yankan
Cactus epiphyllum yana yaduwa ta hanyar yanke daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa farkon Mayu, menene ya kamata a yi:
- Yanke ƙarshen kowane kara tsawon 5-10 cm. Idan nisa daga kara ya fi 5 cm, dole ne a riga an sa shi a gindin. Yankinta ya kamata ya zama tsakanin 3-5 cm;
- Shank din yakamata ya bushe a zafin jiki, domin an sanya shi akan takarda mara nauyi kuma an bar shi har tsawon kwanaki 1-2;
- An shimfiɗa rufin magudanar a ƙasan tukunyar, ƙasa tana barci daga sama;
- An dasa shoot a cikin shirye rigar ƙasa zuwa zurfin 5-7 mm. Idan ba shi da matsala, ya kamata ku ɗaura maɗaurin abin wuya.
Kula! Yanke yankan tushe sosai a kowane lokaci na shekara idan akwai isasshen haske a cikin dakin. A cikin lokacin hunturu, zaka iya amfani da wutan lantarki.
Ranar farko bayan dasawa, ba a shayar da tsari ba, ya kamata ya kasance a cikin inuwa. Bayan makonni 2-3, tushen sa, duk wannan lokacin yakamata ƙasa ta zama m, ba tare da danshi mai yawa ba. An kula da ganyen kamar fure mai girma, bayan shekaru 1-2 da epiphyllum zai yi fure.
Yawancin masoya tsire-tsire suna zaɓar epiphyllum don gidansu, kula da gida na wannan shuka baya buƙatar lokaci mai yawa da albarkatu. Ana kiranta "Cactus Orchid", furanni na epiphyllum suna da nau'i daban-daban da girma, launuka daban-daban. Idan an kula da murtsunnen da kyau, a kowace shekara zai yi farin ciki tare da yawan furanni.
