Pansies, ko, kamar yadda ake kiransu, viola furanni ne masu kyau waɗanda suke da wuya su tsage. Godiya ga halifofin da suka biyo baya, suna haifar da soyayyar so da kauna. Sabili da haka, tsire-tsire ya shahara sosai tsakanin lambu, kuma ana iya samunsa a kusan kowane lambun.
Bayanin Shuka
Pansies ana kiransa violets, suna shekara-shekara, biennial da perennial. Ya dogara da yanayin damina wanda fure zaiyi girma. Bai yarda da tsananin sanyi ba. Musamman masu cutarwa na iya zama ɗan lokacin hunturu da dusar ƙanƙara, ta hanyar sanyi da dare. Sabili da haka, tsawon rai, pansies a cikin lokacin sanyi an rufe shi a hankali.
Shuka ta fara bayyana a China da Japan.
Pansies
Kula! A gida, ana shuka viola a farkon bazara, kuma fure ya dogara da iri-iri a bazara ko lokacin bazara.
Wannan inji ana saninsa da tsiro na bakin ciki tare da ganye mai zagaye da furanni masu girma. Budan itacen da ya bayyana yana da fure biyar, biyu daga ciki sun fi girma idan aka kwatanta da sauran. Furen furanni na iya zama launuka daban-daban: daga fari zuwa baƙi tare da tabo halayen a tsakiyar.
Baya ga halayen kayan ado, ana amfani da viola don dalilai na likita da na kwaskwarima. Don yin wannan, a lokacin lokacin fure mai yawa, an yanke ɓangaren ɓangaren toho, bushe da sanya shi a cikin kwantena wanda za'a iya adana shi shekaru da yawa. Dankin yana da abubuwa masu amfani da yawa a cikin kayan sa: insulin, ascorbic da acid salicylic, mai mahimmanci, polysaccharides.
Don bayani! Godiya ga su, ana amfani da furen a cikin lura da cututtukan fata, mashako, sanyi, cututtuka na hanji. A cikin kayan kwalliya, ana amfani da furanni azaman abin rufe fuska da lotions fuska kuma suna taimakawa wajen yakar rashes, kuraje da sikari, sa fatar ta zama mai santsi da laushi.
Amma, duk da duk kaddarorin masu amfani, ana iya kiran pansies a shuka mai guba. Abun inflorescences dinsu yana dauke da fenti na halitta E161, wanda yake matukar cutarwa ga jikin mutum, na iya haifarda rashin lafiyan mutum da lalacewar jijiyar ciki. Mutanen da ke fama da hepatitis suna contraindicated a magani tare da violet decoction. Bugu da kari, wasu na iya samun cutarwa kamar gudawa, amai, amai.
Magunguna
Girma violet
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don yin fure - daga tsaba da kuma daga seedlings. Gabaɗaya, wannan guda ɗaya ne, tunda ana samun shuka ta hanyar shuka iri. Amma musamman lokacin zabar wata hanyar don lambun ku, kuna buƙatar bishe ku ta hanyar cewa ana iya samun shuka a cikin ƙasa ta kusa da ƙarshen bazara, kuma sabon tsiro zai tsiro a cikin fall kuma babu lokacin da za ku ji daɗin bayyanarsa.
Kula! Amfanin hanyar dasa shine cewa zaku iya yin fure a gida a kowane lokaci na shekara a cikin tukunya ko kuma mai shirin shuka, kuma idan yanayi yayi dumi, sai an dasa shuki a cikin lambun.
Mafi mashahuri nau'ikan pansies
Akwai nau'ikan viols da yawa waɗanda suka bambanta launuka, girman su da sifar zakin. Amma abin da aka fi amfani da shi a aikin gona iri biyu ne.
Rawa farar fata
- Rawaya pansies. Abubuwan fure a jikin furanni suna da launi mai rawaya. Dankin zai iya kaiwa tsawon 15 cm, mallakar aji ne na ƙungiyar Switzerland kuma ɗan shekaru biyu ne. Yellow viola ne mai adalci unpretentious shuka, yaduwa da tsaba.
- Jigilar launin shuɗi. Suna da filayen launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Furanni suna girma kaɗan a cikin girman kusan 5 cm a diamita. Blue viola tana nufin tsire-tsire na perennial kuma za'a iya dasa su duka a cikin ƙasa da kuma a cikin tukwane. Tun da yake tsire-tsire ne mai ƙauna da zafi, ya kamata a zaɓi wurin dasa dasa rana.
Wadannan nau'ikan sune mafi mashahuri, amma har yanzu akwai wasu nau'ikan daban-daban waɗanda har ila yau ana girma a cikin lambuna: fari, iri mai ruwan hoda. Hakanan sanannu shine viola na daji ko filin, amfani dashi don dalilai na kwaskwarima da magani.
Blue viola
Pansies: dasa da kuma kulawa a cikin filin budewa
Bayan zabar irin nau'in shuka da kuka fi so, ya kamata ku ci gaba zuwa dasa. Domin violet din ta girma lafiya kuma ta yi kyau sosai, ya wajaba don shirya yadda ya kamata da kuma dasa shi.
Yaushe shuka shuka na shuka
Idan akwai sha'awar samun tsire-tsire fure a farkon shekara, zai fi kyau girma seedlings daga tsaba. Wannan yakamata ayi a watan Fabrairu. Don tsiro na gaba, an zaɓi ƙaramin tukunyar filawa ko akwati.
Zaɓin ƙasa don shuka
Hanya mafi sauƙi don shuka ita ce amfani da kayan da aka sayi - peat da Allunan kwakwa, abubuwan cakuda na musamman. Idan babu shagunan kusa, to, za ku iya da kanku shirya cakuda don shuka. Ya isa a cikin kaka don yin abin canzawa daga ƙasa titi, yashi da peat kuma adana shi a ɗakin bushe. Kwanaki 20 kafin dasa shuki, ƙasa tana sama da kyau a cikin ɗaki mai zafi.
Mahimmanci! Lokacin tattara cakuda, ya kamata a haifa da hankali cewa violet ba sa son ƙasa tare da abun ciki na alkali.
Don fara shuka tsaba, ana bada shawara don shirya substrate na abubuwan da ke gaba: ɓangare na yashi da takin da aka juzuɗe da sassa uku na ƙasa mai dausayi. Kafin haɗuwa, an cire duk datti, bushewar ciyawa da ciyawa daga abubuwan da aka haɗa.
Tsarin iri da shuka
Bayan an shirya gona don shuka, zaku iya fara shirya tsaba don dasa.
Tun a yau an san nau'ikan tanki fiye da 200, kafin zaɓin na ƙarshe kana buƙatar yanke shawarar irin shuka da kake son samu. Kula da tsawo na daji nan gaba, girman furanni. Launi, lokacin furanni da juriya sanyi zasu zama mahimmanci.
Kula! Kuna iya zaɓar nau'ikan don dasa shuki na ado a cikin gida ko don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa.
Abubuwan da aka zaɓa suna soaked har sai farkon farkon ya bayyana kuma ana shuka su cikin ƙasa piecesan guda. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ana adana tsaba na violet ba fiye da shekara biyu ba, don haka bai kamata kuyi amfani da waɗanda aka tattara ba shekara ɗaya da suka wuce ko sama da haka.
Abubuwan da aka shuka sun shuka da sauri kuma bayan sati daya farkon harbe suka bayyana. A nan gaba, ana iya barin su a cikin akwati ɗaya ko kuma a dasa su cikin tukwane daban. Daga farkon dasa zuwa lokacin da ya kamata a dasa shuki, yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni huɗu.
Dasa tsaba
Kulawar seedling
Daga lokacin da farkon tsiro ya bayyana kuma kafin dasa shuki a cikin bude filin, dole ne a kula da furen yadda yakamata:
- Ku lura da tsarin ban ruwa kuma a haɗe shi sau ɗaya a wata tare da kayan miya da takin gargajiya;
- kula da yawan zafin jiki baya kasa da 25 ° С;
- rike isasshen zafi da feshi da shuka idan ya zama dole;
- samar da ingantaccen haske.
Makonni biyu kafin a dasa shuki a cikin bude kofa, idan ya rigaya ya yi dumama sosai a kan titi, an fara shirye-shiryen seedlings. Don yin wannan, ana buƙatar fitar da shi kullun. Don farawa, zaku iya barin sa na rabin sa'a, sannan na tsawon awanni 4. Idan an yi komai daidai, to furanni zasu bayyana da wuri kuma zasuyi kyau sosai.
Mahimmanci! Shirye seedlings ƙasar a tsakiyar watan Mayu.
Dasa tsaba a bude take
Dasa tsaba a cikin ƙasaitaccen tsari ne mai rikitarwa da ɗaukar lokaci. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar galibi a cikin wuraren ɗorawa a ciki waɗanda ake girma furanni don siyarwa.
Don fara saukowa, ana buƙatar zazzabi na 20-22 ° C. Mafi girma yana da rauni tare da bayyanar cututtuka na fungal. Idan kun fara shuka a watan Mayu, to za a fara yin viola a lokacin rani, amma lokacin hunturu zai yi wuya. Lokacin da aka shuka shi a watan Yuni ko Yuli, furanni zai bayyana kawai shekara mai zuwa.
Kula! Don yara tsire-tsire su ɗauki tushe, suna buƙatar samar da isasshen hasken wuta da kuma shayarwa na yau da kullun, kuma sako ƙasa a kewayen bushes daga ciyawa.
Zabi wurin shuka da kuma kula da tsirrai
Ko wanne daga cikin zaɓaɓɓen namo da aka zaɓa aka zaɓa, lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, ya zama dole a zaɓi wurin da ya dace. Wannan yakamata ya zama yanki mai annashuwa nesa da tsirrai. Soilasan da ake dasa shuki ya zama m, sako-sako da share ciyawa. Idan duk halaye sun cika, to, zaku iya ci gaba zuwa saukowa, jagora tare da jerin masu zuwa:
- An yiwa shafin alama, kuma don ramuka na dasa rami tare da zurfin kusan 20 cm, an zabi nisan da ke tsakanin zuriyarta da kansa.
- Ramin ya yayyafa da ruwa, sa’an nan wani ɗan huɗa ya narke a ciki.
- Ramin an yayyafa shi sosai da peat ko takin.
- Bayan an dasa shuki, tana buƙatar kulawa ta yau da kullun da kayan miya.
Wurin saukowa
Wajibi ne a shayar da shukar da aka shuka 'yan' yan lokuta a mako da safe ko da yamma, gwargwadon yanayin yanayin. Sassauta kasar gona bayan ban ruwa ya kamata ko da a cikin yanayin zafi sosai. Tare da kasa isasshen danshi daga cikin tushen, da furanni da sauri wither da fada. Kuna iya ciyar da shuka sau ɗaya a mako. Dole ne takin ya ƙunshi phosphorus, potassium ko nitrogen.
Don bayani! Dole ne a yanke furanni da furanni da harbe wanda ya yi tsayi da yawa kuma a shayar dashi nan da nan.
Yin rigakafin Cuta da Cututtuka
Akwai nau'ikan cututtuka da kwari da yawa waɗanda ke da haɗari ga viola.
- Powdery Mildew Yana shafar kowane sassa na shuka, wanda daga baya ya mutu. Zaka iya kawar da taimakon taimakon ruwa mai ruwa-sabulu.
- Grey rot. Gaba daya yana lalata furanni. An magance shi ta hanyar maganin dioxide na jan karfe.
- Blackafin baƙar fata shine nau'in rot wanda ke shafar tushen tsiron. Ya bayyana saboda wuce gona da iri da ƙasa mai yawa. Babu magani.
Babban karin kwari don pansies na iya zama aphids da mites gizo-gizo. Idan baku kula da bayyanar su akan lokaci ba, to, inji ya fara bushewa har ya mutu. Yin sarrafawa zai taimaka kawar da su ta hanyoyin musamman.
Karin kwari
Idan kun bi duk shawarwarin don dasa shuki da kuma kula da viola, shekara mai zuwa furanni na violet zasu faranta ido a cikin ɗakin ko kuma gonar lambu.
