'Ya'yan Hosta masu tsada sosai. Ana iya samun su da kansu daga wani ɗan ƙaramin shuka. Mai watsa shiri, haifuwa wacce ta yiwu ta hanyoyi da yawa, yawanci yakan ɗauki tushe sosai. Yadda za a gudanar da aikin daidai an bayyana a ƙasa.
Bayanin fure
Tsarin tsiro mai tsiro mai zurfi na dangin Liliaceae 'yan asalin Asiya ne. Ya girma daga Mayu zuwa tsakiyar kaka. Kyawawanta suna cikin ganyayyaki na ado: ana iya zagaye su, kunkuntar ko kuma zuciya mai kamanni; launin yana da haske ko kore mai duhu, launin toka-shudi, rawaya, launuka, inuwa ja; nashi mai santsi ne ko danshi, mai sheki ko matte. A gefuna da ganye za a iya bordered ko wavy, da tip - juya. A kan ganyayyaki kansu akwai rawaya mai rawaya daban-daban da girma dabam.
Menene furanni suke?
Ganyayyaki suna girma daga rosettes daga tushen kuma tattara a cikin bushes. Mai watsa shiri ba shi da fassara, yana jure sanyi har ma yana son inuwa, wanda ya karɓi taken Sarauniyar Inuwa ta Shadow. Matsakaicin tsayi 50-80 cm (sarauta, Saint Paul, Atlantis); ya danganta da iri-iri, bushes na iya girma zuwa 2 m (Saga, Dream Sarauniya, Big Deaddy) ko kawai 5 cm (Delia, Little Jim, Blue Ice).
Yana fure daga tsakiyar lokacin rani zuwa tsakiyar kaka. Ana tattara inflorescences a goge, furanni a cikin kamannin kararraki ko manyan kannoni kuma suna da ƙanshin arziki. Furen Hosta fararen fata ne, shunayya, ruwan hoda ko shuɗi. Peduncles suna girma zuwa 1 m a tsayi. Mai watsa shiri ba ya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman a cikin girma, yana ba da izinin dasawa, yana da tsayayya ga kwari da cututtuka, zai iya yin girma har zuwa shekaru 10 a wuri guda, kuma cikakken sake zagayowar rayuwa - shekaru 20. Ruhun rhizome mai yawa ne, yana da tushen tushen filiform.
An haɗo da mai watsa shiri tare da sauran wasu furanni na lambun: irises, peonies, lilies, kobe, medunitsa, yayi kyau sosai a cikin kayan haɗin tare da ferns da conifers.
Don bayani! Sunan kimiyya don runduna suna aiki. Akwai kusan nau'ikan 40. A cikin daji, ana iya samun mai watsa shiri a kan wuraren ruwa: kogunan ruwa, tafkuna, ciyawa.
Ta yaya rundunar take yadawa
Hanyar yada hanyar watsa shirye-shirye:
- rarraba daji;
- tsaba;
- yanke;
- gwajin haihuwa.
Zaɓin na ƙarshe shine mafi inganci, ana amfani dashi a masana'antu. Mahimmin tsari yana cikin girma seedlings a cikin shambura gwaji. Hanyar ta kasu kashi microclonal da meristemic.
A lokacin yaduwar microclonal, ana sanya harbi ko toho na shuka a cikin yanayin wucin gadi, inda ake buƙatar alamun haske, zazzabi da zafi. Yankunan da suka girma suna dacewa da yanayin waje.
An ƙera haifuwar Meristemic don inganta shuka. A nan, ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta mai zurfi (ƙwayoyin meristem) suna shiga, suna da ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka. An warkar da tsire-tsire ta amfani da madubin likita: ƙwayar meristemic ta ware kuma an sanya ta cikin yanayin wucin gadi inda sel ke ba da sabon tsiro. Ana bincika su a hankali don kamuwa da cuta kuma ana amfani da cikakkun samfurori masu lafiya don ƙarin kiwo.
Lingsalingsan da suka girma ta irin waɗannan hanyoyin na iya zama sabon nau'in kuma ba su adana nau'in halaye na tsire-tsire na uwa, kamar yadda yanayin wucin gadi ke rinjayar su. Haka ne, tsari mai rikitarwa ne, yana buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman, don haka ya wuce ƙarfin maɓallin talakawa.
Yaushe kuma ta yaya za'a yada farfesa ta hanyar rarraba daji
Ta hanyar rarraba daji, kawai ya girma, shuka mai lafiya yana yaduwa. Mafi girman daji, mafi girma rarrabuwa. Don yin wannan, tono duk daji. A cikin mãkirci ɗaya yakamata ya kasance akwai wuraren shakatawa da ganye. An dasa su a daidai zurfin inda mahaifin shuka ya girma. Ya kamata a kiyaye tazarar dake tsakanin ciyayi a kusan cm 30. Ana shayar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu yalwa kuma suna ciya da ƙasa kusa da fure ko ciyawa mai ƙoshin lafiya don rayuwa mai kyau.
Yaushe za a raba mai watsa shiri? Mafi kyawun lokacin rarraba daji:
- farkon watan Mayu;
- kowane watan bazara;
- farkon Satumba.
Mahimmanci! Lokacin rarrabawa a cikin kaka, ana shuka lalataccen ɗan lokaci, tun da tushen tsarin yana a wani matakin ɓoyewa.
Kuna iya dasa daji lokacin da ya cikakke. A bayyane alama ta zama dole wurin zama shine lokacin da tsakiyar kambi fara narkewa.
A daji na iya samar da har zuwa shekaru biyar. Plantaƙƙarfan shuka bai nuna alamun halayensa ba, suna tasowa yayin da suke girma. Sabili da haka, jigilar jigilar jigilar abubuwa ba a so, tunda ba za ku iya jira nau'ikan fasahar ta rundunar ba. Karo na farko da zaka iya raba daji bayan shekaru 4-5.
Yadda za a raba mai watsa shiri
Daga kayan aikin lambu zaɓi wanda ya dace. Zai fi kyau yin aiki tare da babban daji tare da felu, tare da ƙarami ɗaya tare da wuka tare da haƙora, tare da babban tushe amfani da hacksaw don ƙarfe (an yanke cut ɗin tare da toka ko niƙa gawayi don hana ayyukan lalata.
Kafin ɗaukar tsiron daga ƙasa, an yanke wani da'irar mai girman inci 10 cm a gefenta idan daji yayi ƙarami, kuma 30-35 cm idan daji yayi girma. Sai suka yi shebur a ƙarƙashin tushen tare da shebur kuma a hankali cire tsiro tare da dunƙule na ƙasa.
Kuna buƙatar rarraba mai watsa shiri a hankali domin gwargwadon damar lalata tsarin tushen. An raba ƙananan Tushen a hankali ta hannu, an rarraba manyan seedlings tare da wuka tare da cloves.
Mahimmanci! Ba tushen da ake buƙatar yanka ba, amma tushe.
Varietiesungiyoyi masu haɓakawa sannu a hankali sun kasu kashi mafi girma, kuma nau'ikan da suka girma zasu yi girma ko da daga kanti ɗaya. Duka daji ba a son shi ya rarraba zuwa sassa fiye da huɗu.
Tushen
Mahimmanci! Don ganin tsarin tushen, kafin tsagewa za'a iya wanke shi da ruwa.
Ana bincika makircin don lalacewa da rashin lafiya, kuma an cire rukunin wuraren da ba a dakatar da su ba.
An shirya ƙasa ko dai a cikin fall ko wata daya kafin dasa shuki: haƙa kuma ƙara taki. Ana amfani da takin mai ƙasa zuwa ƙasa mara kyau.
Delenki dasa a wannan zurfin a abin da uwa shuka girma. A kasan ramin, ana zuba wasu itace na itace. Ya kamata a kiyaye tazarar dake tsakanin ciyayi a kusan cm 30. Ana shayar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu yalwa kuma suna ciya da ƙasa kusa da ciyawa ko ciyawa mai ƙoshin lafiya don rayuwa mai kyau.
A matsayin babban miya da farko, zaka iya amfani da jiko mullein. Tabbatar cewa a kwance lokaci-lokaci a kasa kuma cire ciyawa.
Kula! Ba za a iya dasa Delenki a cikin tsohon wuri ba, kamar yadda seedlings zai ɗauki tushe na dogon lokaci kuma mai yiwuwa ya mutu.
Kuna iya samun delenki ba tare da tono duk daji ba. Don yin wannan, zaɓi zaɓuɓɓuka ko ɗaya masu ƙarfi. An haƙa su daga waje kuma a hankali sun rabu da daji mahaifiyar. Sakamakon komai a ciki ya cika taki, ana shayar da shuka sosai. Sakamakon rarrabuwa da aka dasa shi a farko akan gado mai shimfiɗa don girma, sannan ya watsa zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa.
Raba
Yaduwar runduna ta ganye
Tsarin yana da sauki kuma mai sauri don aiwatarwa. Mafi kyawun lokacin kiwo:
- tsakiyar bazara;
- farkon lokacin bazara.
Wannan hanyar haifuwa ba ta lalata tsarin tushe ba kuma tana kiyaye halaye na shuka.
A cikin harbe matasa, yanke rosette tare da wani ɓangare na rhizome ta amfani da wuka mai kaifi. Ana kula da yanki da yashi. An shuka masarar da aka yanke a cikin wani gidan kore ko inuwa mai duhu kuma an rufe shi da kwalba. Ganyayyaki zasuyi tsayi tsawon makonni 3-4.
Mahimmanci! A lokacin girma, ana shayar da mai watsa ruwa yayin da ƙasa ke bushewa. Ana iya cire kwalban daga shuka har tsawon awanni 1-2 a rana.
Lokacin da shuka tayi girma, ana dasa shi zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa. Needsasa yana buƙatar haɗawa, yalwataccen shayarwa da mulched. Na ƙarshen ya shafi kawai zuwa matsakaici da manyan iri, ƙanana da dwarf daga wannan hanyar na iya mutuwa.
Yadda za a yi girma rundunar tsaba
Ta yaya zuriya ke yada zuriyarsa? A inji yi wuya a propagate da tsaba, kamar yadda suke da low germination. Ta wannan hanyar, nau'ikan da ke da saurin girma suna yaduwa, wasu kuma ba sa yin fure kwata-kwata kuma, gwargwadon haka, ba za su iya samar da tsaba ba. Hakanan kuma ya dogara da yanayin yanayi. Alamomin varietal na runduna masu tasowa sun bayyana bayan shekaru 4-5.
Ana iya sayan tsaba ko kuma tattara daga Hosta daga daji. Suna girma cikin makonni 6-8 bayan kamuwa da cuta. Kwalaye cikakke sun juya launin ruwan kasa da ƙura, yawanci ƙarshen bazara ko kaka.
Kula! Yawancin nau'ikan suna girma sosai daga tsaba. Suna girma da kyau, alal misali, Juyin juya hali, Sharmon, Allegan Fog.
Don iyakar ƙazamar danshi, ana bushe tsaba a babban zafin jiki kuma a adana su a 20-40 ° C. Wasu lambu sunyi imanin cewa tsaba zasuyi kyau sosai idan an kiyaye su tsawon watanni biyu a cikin yanayin sanyi (an bar a cikin firiji daga watan Fabrairu har sai an dasa).
Ana iya sayan ƙasa ko gauraya daban-daban daga peat, periculite da vermit, ana ɗauka daidai gwargwado.
Mahimmanci! Ilasa da kwantena na dasa shuki yana ƙarƙashin shara.
A matsayin akwati, tukwane, drawers, kofuna ko cassettes tare da sel waɗanda aka sayar a cikin shagon furanni sun dace. Ana kula da su da giya na likita. Ana buƙatar murfin magudanar ruwa a ƙasa.
A kasar gona don shuka ya zama sako-sako, ba tare da dunƙule lumps. Akwatin yana cike da cakuda da aka gama (peat da perlite dole ne a haɗa) sannan a zuba tare da maganin daskarewa na potassium kuma a ƙafe a cikin wanka na ruwa na rabin sa'a. Sai a bar ƙasa ta yi sanyi.
Yana da kyawawa don shuka iri daidai tare da seedlings a cikin kwantena, kuma ba a cikin gidajen katako ba, hotbeds ko buɗe ƙasa.
Ana shuka tsaba a watan Janairu. Kafin dasa, suna soyayye a cikin wani girma stimulator (epine, tushe, zircon) ko wata-wata stratification ne da za'ayi a zazzabi of 5 ° C, tun da tsaba germinate sosai talauci.
Dasa zuwa zurfin 5-7 mm. Kasuwancin saukar da ƙasa mai kyau:
- Hada ƙasa.
- Shuka da tsaba.
- Yayyafa da perlite.
- Aloye sama.
Wannan zai tabbatar da kyakkyawar hulɗa da tsaba tare da ƙasa. Tamping ƙasa ba shi da daraja, ya kamata ya sake. An leve shi da ɗanɗano. Shirye Shirye Shirye aka rufe da fim.
A zazzabi kimanin 20 ° C, farkon harbe ya bayyana a cikin makonni biyu.
'Ya'yan ƙungiyar Seedling
Dole ne a kiyaye ƙananan sprouts daga rana, an shayar da su sosai kuma cire condensate daga fim.
'Yayan itace
Lokacin da ganyen farko suka bayyana, ana dasa shuki a cikin wasu, kwandunan da aka taɓa haifuwa tare da ƙasa mai gina jiki. Ana shayar da su ta hanyar saukar da kwantena cikin kwantena tare da ruwa (hanyar zuwa ƙasa) kuma an bar su ta wannan hanyar har ƙasa ta cika da ruwa.
Mahimmanci! Seedlings bukatar a hankali taurare kuma saba da hasken rana, ragewan zafin jiki da kuma a kai a kai barin sprouts a rana. Hakanan wajibi ne lokaci-lokaci don cire fim. Zaka iya cire shi gaba daya sati daya bayan dasawa.
Yanzu tsiran sun shirya don rayuwa mai 'yanci. Yana da mahimmanci a zabi wuri mai kyau a gare su, mai masaukin ba ya yarda da zane-zane, yana son inuwa mai ɗaukar hoto, wasu nau'ikan, kuma sun fi son girma cikin rukuni. Soilasan tana buƙatar ɗan acidic, danshi na matsakaici, danshi mai watsawa da iska. Sun kasance suna shirya shi tun daga faduwar: ana rarraba takin gargajiya masu mahimmanci a cikin gadaje a zurfin cm 10 A cikin bazara, an fara dasa shuki.
Saukowa
Kula! Haske cikin ganyayyaki, karin haske yana buƙatar fure. Ya kamata a dasa ire-iren launuka masu duhu ko launi mai shuɗi a cikin inuwa, tunda ƙonewar na iya bayyana akan ganyayyaki tare da wuce gona da iri.
Kafin dasa shuki, ana shayar da tsire-tsire masu yawa, bayan haka ana cire su a hankali daga akwati, idan ya cancanta, yada tushen da yawa kuma aka saukar da su cikin rami da aka haƙa a baya. Topsoil tare da sprout ya kamata dan kadan a ƙasa matakin. An rufe ramin da ƙasa, an ɗan haɗa shi, an shayar da shi sosai kuma an mulched da sawdust ko ciyawa mai bushe.
Matsakaicin nisan da ke tsakanin ramuka ya kamata ya zama 50-60 cm, kuma idan iri-iri na iya girma zuwa girman girma, zai fi kyau barin har zuwa mita.
Da farko, ana iya hadiza shuka mai shuka (sau daya a kowane sati biyu har sai Yuli). A cikin kaka, ana yin takin ƙasa da humus ko takin. Ruwa da shuka a ƙarƙashin asalinsu. Duniya ya kamata kusan kasance rigar.
Don hana cututtuka da kwari, ana kula da shuka tare da abubuwa na musamman.
Hakanan za'a iya girma tsiro na Hosta a cikin kwantena na shekaru biyu, lokacin da aka kafa ganye, kuma a na ukun, ana shuka shuki a cikin ƙasa.
Idan rundunar shuka ta fara yin fure a shekarar dasa, yana da kyau a cire farfajiyar, tunda har yanzu shuka ba ta girma.
Mahimmanci! Idan tukwicin ganye ya zama duhu, wannan alama ce cewa shuka bata da danshi.
Yankin rani ya shirya
Don yada mai watsa shiri tare da yan itace, kuna buƙatar sanin yadda ake raba su da kyau gaba ɗaya daga daji gaba ɗaya. Ana aiwatar da hanyar a cikin Mayu-Yuni. Rearancin mai saurin tsiro ko jinkirin da yawancin itace ke yaɗa shi. Wadancan harbe waɗanda ke rarrabewa kawai an zaɓi su (galibi suna da gajerun petioles da ƙananan ganye). Yakamata su sami diddige - wani yanki na rhizome tare da asalinsu. Sakamakon cuttings ana shuka farko a kan gadaje da aka shirya ko kuma a cikin korayen shayarwa a kowace rana.
Don bayani! Da farko, tsiro na iya kama da mara lafiya da marasa rai, ganyayyaki na iya fadi, amma bayan 'yan kwanaki za su tashi su kara karfi.
Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka sami ƙarfi kuma suka yi tushe, zaku iya dasa su zuwa wurin dindindin.
Yankan
Ana shirya shuka don hunturu, an yanke ganye tare da secateurs kuma an yayyafa shi da peat.
Mai watsa shiri ba ya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, ana ɗaukarsa shuka ne ga maƙƙiya. Abu ne mai sauki ka shuka shi da kanka a gida. Tare da kyawawan ganyayyaki, yana da damar yin ado da kowane lambu. Babban abu shine bincika komai game da fure, gami da haifuwa, don samun samfurori masu ƙoshin lafiya, ba masu rauni da marasa lafiya ba.
