Bougainvillea shine tsintsiya madaurinki ko Liana itace wacce take da sabon nau'in braids, wanda, kamar furanni masu haske, kewaye da kananan furanni. A inji nasa ne a gidan Niktaginovye. Homelandasar mahaifarta ita ce yammacin tekun Latin Amurka. A karon farko, matafiyi Louis de Bougainville ya ga furanni mai cike da fa'ida a cikin Rio de Janeiro. Tuni a farkon karni na XIX. sun qawata wuraren shakatawa da katako na Turai. Bougainvillea mai zafi-mai ƙauna ba ya haƙuri da tsirin sanyi, saboda haka yana iya girma a cikin lambuna kawai a kudancin Caucasus da Crimea. Amma kamar yadda ɗakin fure yake, wannan ɗan daɗaɗɗun ƙawancin zai ji daɗi.
Bayanin Botanical
Bougainvillea shine shuka mai tsiro tare da tsayi, mai tushe mai tushe. Tsawon harbe ya isa mita 5. A tsawon lokaci, tushe daga tushe yana kwance kuma ya yi kauri, kuma shuka ya zama itace mai gajeru. An rufe harbe da duhu launin ruwan kasa, haushi mai launin toka tare da shekaru. Sharp, dogo mai tsayi yana nan a jikin rassan.
Ganyayyaki na petiole na yau da kullun suna girma akan harbe matasa. Bã su da m gefuna da m oval ko ovu siffar tare da nuna ƙarshen. Farantin ganye yana zama dan kadan a tsakiyar jijiya. Tana da launi mai haske mai haske.
Matasa harbe an rufe shi da kananan furanni guda. Farin fure mai launin fari ko rawaya mai ƙarfi tare da gefuna masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke kunshe da filayen 5. Gabobin haihuwa da haihuwa basa fita daga cikin bututun. Furanni kansu da wuya su jawo hankali, amma kowane budo yana kewaye da manyan biyun katako. Suna kama da ganye tare da bakin ciki, kamar takarda. Ana iya ganin raga ta jijiyoyi. Launin takalmin katakon fata na iya zama fari, cream, rawaya, ruwan hoda ko rasberi. Furanni suna bushewa kuma suna faɗuwa da sauri fiye da waɗannan ganye mai haske.
Hummingbirds da wasu nau'ikan barkono masu ɗumbin tsire-tsire masu filayen yanayi ne na bougainvillea. Ba tare da su, sa 'ya'yan itace ba ya faruwa.
Yawan nau'ikan iri
Ba za a iya kira asalin halittar bougainvillea ba. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan tsire-tsire 14 kawai. Amma akwai da yawa daban-daban iri.
Bougainvillea tsirara ne. Iri-iri sun sami suna saboda santsi, kusan babu ƙin ƙaya daga tushe. Ganyayyaki masu haske mai haske mai duhu suna girma a kanta. A cikin lokacin furanni, wanda zai iya wuce watanni 9 a gida, ƙananan furanni masu launin rawaya tare da dogon bututu suna kewaye da manyan ƙarfin ƙarfe na babban itacen rasberi. Zasu iya girma duka a kusa da fure guda, kuma a kusa da karamin inflorescence.
Bougainvillea yana da kyau. Dogayen laushi masu kauri na shure shure an rufe su da kyawawan launuka masu duhu a cikin dogon ganye. A lokacin furanni, kusan duka kambi yana ɓoye a ƙarƙashin furanni tare da ganye mai haske. Da farko, ana zana su a cikin launin haske mai launin ja, amma ƙarshe ya bushe kuma ya zama kusan fararen fata.
Bougainvillea Peruvian. Dogon harbe ba su bayar da matakai a kaikaice. An rufe su da kunkuntar ganye, a tushe wanda gajeren gizo-gizo ke ɓoye. Iri-iri a hankali ya rushe babban adadin inflorescences. Burinsu yana da yanayin fararen murfi da kuma wani yanki mai annuri.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Bougainvillea za a iya yaduwa ta hanyar shuka tsaba, rooting na kara cuttings da layering. Yankin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta yana da rikitarwa ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa don shuka kana buƙatar amfani da sababbin tsaba kawai, waɗanda ba a ɗaure su a yanayin ɗakin ba. Amma yaduwar ciyayi abu ne mai sauki. Tare da shi, ana kiyaye alamun etan tsire-tsire masu ƙwayar cuta.
A watan Mayu-Yuni, shekara-shekara rabin-lignified sprouts an yanke. Sun kafe a cikin tukwane tare da cakuda yashi-peat a zazzabi na + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Don kula da sakamako na greenhouse, an rufe ganyen tare da fim ko kwalabe filastik. Don tushen ya bayyana da wuri, ana bada shawara don kula da ƙananan sashin tare da abun da keɓaɓɓen na musamman. Kasar gona dumama tayi kyau. Tare da zuwan Tushen, ana dasa tsire-tsire zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa a cikin ƙasa na tsirrai.
Tushen iska sa mai yiwuwa ne a cikin shekara. Don yin wannan, ƙaramin rashin tsari wanda aka saƙaƙƙen ɗanɗano ya ɗan ƙage don lalata haushi. An sanya shi cikin ƙasa. Za'a iya dogayen reshe a ƙasa a cikin babbar tukunya. An ɗaure ƙaramin akwati zuwa ƙasa kusa da babban harbin. Tsarin rooting yana ɗaukar kimanin wata guda, bayan wannan an rabu da harbi daga mahaifiyar shuka kuma aka dasa a cikin tukunya daban.
Dokokin saukarwa
Bougainvillea za a iya dasa shi a gonar, amma kuma a lokacin bazara lokacin sanyi sai a tono shuka. Kudancin kasar ne kawai ke yin ruwan sanyi tare da tsari mai kyau. Ya fi dacewa a dasa fure a cikin tukunya, kuma yayin da yake girma, motsa shi cikin babban fure. Cikin faduwa aka shigo da shi daki.
An dasa kananan tsire-tsire matasa a kowace shekara, kuma don ƙarin samfurori na manya guda ɗaya ya isa cikin shekaru 3-5. Wannan zai fi kyau a farkon rabin bazara. Tushen tushe yana haɓaka a hankali, don haka tukunya na gaba ya kamata ya ɗan ɗan girma fiye da na baya. Kuna iya barin tsohuwar akwati, amma girgiza wani ɓangaren tsohon tarko na coma kuma ɗan datsa Tushen.
Mafi kyawun tsarin cakuda ƙasa don dasa bougainvillea yakamata ya ƙunshi:
- ƙasar turf
- humus humus;
- kogin kogi;
- peat.
A kasan tukunyar dole ne magudanar kayan. Lokacin dasawa, ya kamata a bincika tushen don lalacewa da gyarawa. Duniya cike take da shayarwa. Ana kiyaye kwanakin farko na bougainvillea a cikin wani wuri mai inuwa.
Siffofin Kulawa
A gida, yana da mahimmanci ga shuka don samar da mazauni na dindindin. Yana daɗaɗa wahala ga kowane canje-canje, ko dai ya kasance juyawa ne na tukunya dangane da tushen haske, canjin yanayi mai ƙarfi, zazzabi da ƙari.
Haske Bougainvillea yana buƙatar haske mai haske, ya bazu. Daga hasken rana kai tsaye a tsakar rana, shading tare da labule na bakin ciki ko gauze ya zama dole. Idan rana bai isa ba, fure zai zama yalwatacce.
Zazzabi Mafi kyawun zazzabi don fure shine + 22 ... + 25 ° C. A ranakun zafi, ɗakin yana buƙatar samun iska a kai a kai. Furen yana girma sosai a cikin iska mai kyau, a cikin wani wuri mai kariya daga zane. Idan bazara tayi sanyi sosai, bougainvillea zai yi fure, amma kwarjininsa zai zama mara nauyi kuma ba zai sami hasken da ya saba ba. A cikin hunturu, zafin jiki ya ragu zuwa + 12 ... + 15 ° C. Kwantar da hankali zuwa + 5 ... + 10 ° C yana haifar da rashin lafiya da mutuwa.
Haushi. Mazaunin tropics yana buƙatar babban zafi. Yakamata a yayyafa shi da ruwan da aka tsabtace shi sosai. A lokacin fure, ruwa bai kamata ya faɗo a kan buds ba, don haka yi amfani da trays tare da ɗakunan leyaji da hura iska. Sau da yawa a shekara, ana yin fure a cikin ruwan wanka.
Watse. Dole ne a shuka shuka mai yalwa kuma ana shayar da ruwa sau da yawa, amma farfajiyar ƙasa dole ne lokaci ya bushe. Tun ƙarshen lokacin rani, kamar yadda yawan zafin jiki ke sauka, ana rage yawan yin ban ruwa. A cikin hunturu, lokacin farin ciki yana farawa, lokacin da wani ɓangaren ganye ya faɗi kuma an rage ɗumbin danshi daga danshi. Watering an kusan cire, kawai dan kadan moistening ƙasa.
Taki. Daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba, bougainvillea ana haduwa sau biyu a wata tare da abun ma'adinin don tsire-tsire na cikin gida. Ana zubar da miya da aka bushe a cikin ƙasa a nesa daga harbe.
Mai jan tsami. Kirkirar rawanin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin bayyanar ado na bougainvillea. Hakanan, wannan hanya yana ƙarfafa samuwar buds da matakai a kaikaice. A cikin daskararruwar bazara, ana fitar da harbe-bushe a cikin hunturu da na bakin ciki, an cire matakan rauni. A lokacin rani, inflorescences Fading ya kamata a yanka. Shuka tsirowar kaka. Sprouts an taqaitaccen da na uku kuma na bakin ciki daga ma lokacin farin ciki wurare. A harbe na shekara ta yanzu ya kamata ya kasance akalla cm cm.
A tushe daga tushe ne sannu-sannu thickened da lignified. Tare da isasshen ƙoƙari, bougainvillea na iya samar da bonsai (a cikin nau'i na ƙaramin itace tare da ramin maɗaukaki da kambi mai shimfiɗa), dajin mai tarin yawa ko wani ɓawon kore.
Cututtuka, kwari. An bambanta Bougainvillea ta kyakkyawar kariya da juriya ga cututtukan fata. Kawai tare da tsawan tsawa a cikin fasaha na noma zai iya haifar da cututtukan fungal da chlorosis na ganye. Daga cikin kwari a kai, lokaci-lokaci kawai zaka iya samun mealybug, aphid ko gizo-gizo gizo-gizo. Da an gano kwari ba da jimawa ba, ƙaramar cutar da za su yi wa shuka. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar bincika ganye da mai tushe daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Idan ya cancanta, an fesa su da kwari.
