Guzberi Kwamandan, ko, kamar yadda kuma ake kira, guzberi Vladil, in mun gwada da kwanan nan ya zama sananne ga mai yawa kewayon lambu. Shahararrun nau'ikan, wanda ya tashi a zahiri daga farkon shekarun, ba ya raguwa a yau, har yanzu ya mamaye ɗayan matsayi na farko a jerin abubuwan fata ba kawai mazauna bazara ba, har ma waɗanda ke tsunduma cikin namo gooseberries akan sikelin masana'antu.
Bayanin Guzberi da Kwamandan Halayen
Marubutan iri-iri nasa mallakar V.S Ilyin, ma'aikaci ne na Cibiyar Nazarin Binciken Ural ta Kudu. Aiki kan narkar da ire-iren su ya fara ne a shekarar 1990-1991. A cikin 1995, an hada nau'ikan a cikin rijistar nasarorin da aka zaɓa, an karɓi takardar shaidar yin rijista kuma an ba da shawarar yin shuki da namo a yankin Volga, South Urals da Western Siberia.
Kwamandan Guzberi
Iyayen da suka tsallaka sun kasance irin 'ya'yan Afirka da ke tsiro da kuma kore iri na Chelyabinsk. Bayan sun tsallake, nau'in ya karɓi halayen duka mahaifan.
Haraabilar halayyar ɗan adam
Daji yana cikin rukunin tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi, wanda ya kai mita 1.2-1.5 m. Guzberi Besshipny Kwamandan na farkon ripening. Harbe tsayi kore tare da Emerald Emeza. Babu ƙayayuwa akan ƙananan harbe; suna fitowa a cikin shekaru 3-4 na ƙarshe na rayuwar daji a cikin ƙananan gundarin ƙananan harbe. Farantin ganye yana da murza biyar, wrinkled, veins pronounced, dark green. Furanni na matsakaici mai launi mai haske, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin inflorescences na 2-3 furanni. Pedicels suna da tsayi.
Halayen berries
Berries calibrated matsakaici sized na mai siffar zobe. Launin launi yayin ripening duhu mai duhu tare da canzawa zuwa launin ruwan kasa. Yawan nauyin tsire-tsire matasa har zuwa 5 g, a lokacin lokacin fruiting 2.5-4.5 g, dangane da yanayin yanayi. Fuskar furen bakin ciki ce, dogo.
'Ya'yan itace Guzberi
Fasali Fasali
Kwamandan Guzberi, wanda aka yi garkuwa da shi don mawuyacin yanayin yanayi a Kudancin Urals da Yammacin Siberiya, yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci. Lokacin girbi yana farawa a shekaru goma na biyu na Yuli kuma ya ƙare daga farkon watan Agusta. Yawan aiki yana da girma, daga shekaru 3-4 da bushes kai matsakaicin yawan aiki. Lokacin 'ya'yan itace yana da kimanin shekaru 7-8. Bayan wannan, ana shirin rage yawan amfanin ƙasa daga kilogram 3-7.5 na berries daga daji zuwa 2.5-4 kg.
Don bayani! Al'adar ba ta buƙatar ƙarin pollinator; a matsakaita, har zuwa 42.5-44% na fure fure bayan haɓaka kai.
Ku ɗanɗani halaye
A bayanin da Kwamandan guzberi iri-iri ya ce berries suna da dandano mai ɗanɗano-m. Koyaya, ba shi yiwuwa a faɗi cewa wannan mai daɗi ne. A cikin ruwa na shekaru, abubuwan acidic sun mamaye bakan dandano, kuma a cikin rana mai zafi da bushewa, acid zai sami ma'anar sakandare.
Ta hanyar abun da ke cikin sunadarai, berries suna da sukari kayan lambu har zuwa 13%, kuma ascorbic acid na iya kaiwa 53-54 mg / 100 g na sabo sabo.
A berries suna da ƙarancin ƙwaya mai ƙwaya da kwasfa na bakin ciki, saboda haka ana iya amfani dasu duka don amfanin sabo da kuma yin jam, compotes, jam. Guzberi Berry Vladil (Kwamandan) nau'in kayan zaki. Babban don shirya abincin yara.
Kamfar ruwa da juriya
An bada shawarar yin namo iri daban-daban don yankuna masu dorewa, masu sauri, gajeren lokacin bazara da kuma kusan iri ɗaya a kaka da bazara. Itace mai sauƙin yarda da sanyi har zuwa −25 ° С. A lokacin rani, 'ya'yan itacen sun girma a zazzabi na 17-19 ° C.
Sanyin sanyi na shuka yana da fasali guda - iri-iri baya jure wa iska iska mai ƙarfi. Sabili da haka, lokacin saukowa, ana bada shawara don zaɓar wuri.
Wintering daji tare da daure rassan
Resistance da cututtuka da kwari
Amfanin da iri-iri ne ba wai kawai rashin thorns a kan harbe, amma har babban jure cututtuka da kwari. A iri-iri ba ya shafi powdery mildew. Resistance ga wasu cututtukan halittu, kamar su anthracnose da ognevka, shine mediocre.
Yin amfani da Berry
A berriesan itace cikakke sun dace don yin ruwan 'ya'yan itace, mousses, dankali mai maski. A cikin shirye-shirye don hunturu ana amfani dashi azaman samfuri don shirye-shiryen jam da jelly. A cikin girke-girke na juices da compotes, ana kara berries a matsayin mai ɗaukar asalin ascorbic acid, yana ba da sanarwar acidity. Hakanan ana amfani da shi sabo azaman kayan zaki na Berry.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfanin iri-iri na Kwamandan (Vladil)
Lokacin da girma a kan na mutum mãkirci, da iri da ake godiya saboda ta high yawan amfanin ƙasa, kuma madalla da iyawa. Guzberi iri-iri Kwamandan ne high-samar da gwaggwabar riba, shi ba ka damar samun stably high da ake samu a cikin masana'antu namo. Amfanin tattalin arziki a wannan yanayin ya ta'allaka ne ga yiwuwar tsarin ban ruwa na tsari da narkarda lokacin da aka ɗaura shi da haɗuwa.
Gooseberries ba su crumble, har ma a lokacin da overripe, mafi yawan berries kasance rataye a kan harbe.
A debe daga iri-iri ne bukatar saurin sarrafawa, an rage shi sosai kuma yana da wuyar jure sufuri.
Dasa matasa seedlings a shafin
Don dasa, an zaɓi tsire-tsire masu kyau tare da harbe masu tasowa 1-2 shekaru da haihuwa. Seedlings an pre-bi da tare da stimulants. Tushen an daidaita kuma a yanka a gefuna. An yanke harbe don 2-3 buds.
Kula! Don tushen tushen nasara, dole ne a yi amfani da maganin ƙarfafa abubuwa na ci gaba. Don wannan, ana saukar da tushen dutsen seedling a ciki sau 4-6 kafin dasawa.
Lokaci da tsarin saukowa
A cikin dasa shuki, ana zaɓi lokaci bayan an girbe kafin farkon sanyi. Wannan yakan faru ne a rabin rabin Satumba da farkon Oktoba. Don dasa shuki, mafi kyawun lokaci har zuwa farkon farawa shine tsakiyar Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu.
Raba daji dasa
Tare da tsawan lokaci na yanayin bazara, dasa ranakun dasawa zuwa lokaci mai zafi. A cikin bazara, musamman ma a cikin shekaru bushe, ƙarin shayarwa da kuma kayan miya na saman wajibi ne.
Tsarin saukowa na iya zama talakawa da trellis. A cikin yanayin farko, nisan zai iya tsayayya da 1-1.5 m, a cikin na biyu ya ragu zuwa 0.7-1 m.
Zabi wurin sauka
A peculiarity na iri-iri shi ne cewa tare da babban bukatar danshi, gooseberries ba zai iya jure wa ciyawa da lowlands. Inda ruwan karkashin kasa ya kusanto zuwa saman ruwa, ruwan sama da danshi na iya tarawa daga narkewar dusar ƙanƙara.
Dankin bai yarda da bude wuraren da iska da arewa maso yamma suka tsarkake ba. Kyakkyawan yanayin shuka shine sarari da aka kiyaye shi daga iska a kudu, mai da zafi, gangara ko kuma gefen wurin.
Shirya shafin
Don Kwamandan Guzberi, an fi son nau'in ƙasa na podzolic, soddy, loamy ƙasa. Don dasa shuki, an shirya yanki na 2 × 2 m a kowane daji. Kafin dasa, ana bada shawara don cire abubuwa masu wucewa daga shafin don samar da damar yin amfani da shuka daga kowane bangare. Don dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar shirya takin ko taki.
Mahimmanci! Lokacin dasawa, ba za a iya amfani da taki sabo, dole ne a sake girma.
Tsarin ƙasa
An shirya rami don dasawa tare da zurfin 30-40 cm, girman 50 × 50 cm. An sa humus ko taki a ƙasa tare da Layer 4-5 cm, a saman wani Layer na 1-2 cm na ƙasa mai ƙima.
An saita seedling kai tsaye, Tushen an shimfiɗa ko'ina cikin ramin. Lokacin da aka cika ƙasa, ana yin tamping, an kafa rago rago kuma an shirya raunin ban ruwa a farfajiya.
Watering a ranar dasa yana da yawa. Zazzabi ruwa kada ya zama ƙasa da 10 ° С. Bayan ruwa, da'irar akwati an mulched.
Siffofin kulawa na yanayi
Itace tana son yawan ruwa, amma wannan baya nuna cewa tana buƙatar cika ruwa ba. A cikin bazara, na farko da ruwa ne da za'ayi bayan cire mulching Layer. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da wannan ruwa tare da miya mai tsayi tare da baƙin ƙarfe sulfate ko urea.
Daga lokacin da kwai ya bayyana, lokacin fara ruwa na yau da kullun yana farawa - lokaci 1 a cikin kwanaki 5-7, ana yin suttura kai 1 lokaci a cikin 3 ruwa. Ma'adanai na ƙarshe yana ciyar da kwanaki 14-21 kafin girbi.
Don hunturu, ana ba da shawarar yin takin tare da abubuwa na Organic, a kawo su ƙarƙashin daji kuma a rufe tushen da ciyawa.
Mulching da namo
Wannan nau'ikan yana da kyau don kwance sassa na tushen saiti zuwa zurfin 15 cm. Mulching baya samar da takamaiman fasahar guzberi; bambaro, ciyawa, yankan pine sun dace - duk ana iya amfani dashi don kare tushen daga bushewa.
Amfani da props
Ga Kwamandan, yin amfani da tallafi ko tattara abubuwa na wajibi ne. Manyan harbe har zuwa 1.5 m suna buƙatar da za a tashe su a ƙasa ko gyara akan wani abu.
Garter a kan trellis a jere na guzberi bushes
Kamar yadda goyon baya, mai lambu zai iya amfani da bututu filastik, fasalin ƙarfe na ƙarfe ko katako na katako na gargajiya.
Don tsire-tsire na trellis, ana amfani da sigogi har zuwa 2 m tsayi kuma an yi amfani da igiya na lambu.
Jiyya na hanawa
Lokacin girki, ana amfani da gonar var ko ciyawa tare da toka. Kafin rushe kodan, ana bada shawara don magance tare da magani mai kariya. A lokacin girma, ana amfani da shirye-shirye masu rikitarwa. Don hunturu, ana bada shawara don kula da miyagun ƙwayoyi tare da spores.
Mai jan tsami
Tare da kayan kwalliya na lokaci, ana cire harbe fiye da shekaru 4. A lokacin bazara, kayan bushewa, busassun rassan da marasa lafiya suna yankan yanke.
Shirye-shiryen hunturu
Bushes ba sa buƙatar a rufe shi don hunturu, ya isa a datsa su daidai, shafa takin gargajiya da kuma zuba Layer na bishiyar Pine mulch a ƙarƙashin kowane daji. Idan ana so, ana iya bi da harbe tare da fenti mai kariya.
Kiwo
Don yada bishiyar guzberi, zaka iya amfani da ɗayan hanyoyi uku.
Yankan
Yaduwa da itace shine hanya mafi inganci. An ɗauki yankan 1-2 shekaru tare da tsawon 20-25 cm A lokacin dasa shuki, nono na 2-3 na wanzuwa a saman, an sanya komai a cikin ƙasa da aka shirya a ƙarƙashin tulu. Bayan kwanaki 21, ana iya cire shinkafar kuma a zazzabi ta sama sama da 18-20 ° C wanda aka dasa a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa. Watering a lokacin yanka a cikin greenhouse yana buƙatar matsakaici.
Mulching daji tare da Pine haushi
Raba
Rashin daji yana gudana ne a watan Satumba-Oktoba. Matasa harbe tare da tsarin tushen haɓaka sun rabu. Bayan saukowa, shayarwa da kuma kayan miya babba ne.
Maimaitawa
Don samun daji na iri-iri wanda babu wasu ƙayarsu sun fi tasiri ta hanyar dasa shuki. Don wannan, ana amfani da tserewa 1-2 shekara. Kuna buƙatar tono yadudduka a farkon kakar, kuma a ƙarshen bazara za'a iya rabuwa da ita daga daji mahaifiyar kuma a shirya dasawa.
Daga cikin nau'ikan zaɓi na Rasha, Komandor guzberi yana da babban damar ci gaba. Dasa ciyawa bushes a shafin zai baka damar samun ingantaccen girbi na tsawon shekaru 6-8 ba tare da amfani da fasahohi na musamman da kulawa ta musamman ba.
