Black karas (scorzonera, goat, mai dadi mai dadi) - shahararren hatsi a kasashe da yawa a Turai da Asiya. A kasarmu, yana da wuya, amma tare da samar da yanayi masu dacewa, za a iya cin nasara a cikin makircin sa. A cikin wannan labarin za mu dubi abin da karamin fata yake, da ka'idojin dasawa da kiyayewa waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don bunkasa masu kallo.
Blackrot, ko scorzonera: menene wannan "mu'ujjiza"
Black karas ne mai gina jiki da magani. Scorzonera yana kama da wani karamin hatsi tare da tushen baki kawai. Kasashen duniya na Scorzoner ana ganin su ne kudancin Turai da kudu maso yammacin Asiya.
Tsarin tsire-tsire masu launin kore ne a launi, suna iya kai tsawon tsawo zuwa 30 zuwa 70. Ya yi fure a watan Mayu tare da raƙuman rawaya mai launin rawaya. Tsaba ya fara a Yuni. Maganin kayan lambu yana da launi mai launi mai laushi, jiki yana da m, farin. Tsayinsa, 'ya'yan itacen ya kai kimanin 15 cm, a cikin nisa - har zuwa 5 cm.
Nauyin nauyin 'ya'yan itace a cikin nauyi ya kai 150-200 g. Tsarin amfanin gona kuma za'a iya bar shi a ƙasa don hunturu, bayan ya rufe ƙasa da busassun bushe. Black karas suna da dandano mai kyau kuma suna da amfani fiye da karamin karamin orange. Saboda haka, scorzonera ya sami aikace-aikace mai yawa a dafa abinci da magani. 
A gaban Scorzoner ka yi mamaki yadda zaka yi amfani da shi. Karan za a iya cinye sabo, kuma za ka iya dafa miya, cakuda, salads, manyan abinci. A dandano na sabo ne Scorzonera m, kama da black radish. Girbin amfanin gona da aka bayar a aikin sarrafawa, a kan dandani yana kama da bishiyar asparagus.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kafin cin hatsi sabo, an bada shawarar suyi su a cikin salted ruwa na kimanin awa daya. Wannan zai taimakawa ba haka bane.Karan fata ba cikakke ba ne don dafa salatin sabo a hade tare da karamin karamin kabeji, kabeji, gwoza. Kirim mai tsami, mayonnaise, ruwan 'ya'yan lemun tsami za su dace da matsayin miya. Scorzonera za'a iya kwasfa, soyayyen, yayi, amfani da canning da daskarewa. Zai zama kyakkyawan miya don nama ko kayan lambu.
Da abun da ke ciki na shuka ya hada da abubuwa masu yawa:
- pectins;
- jan ƙarfe;
- phosphorus;
- ƙarfe;
- potassium;
- zinc;
- bitamin A, C, B, PP, E;
- inulin;
- aspargin.
- inganta metabolism;
- taimaka wajen rage matsa lamba;
- yana tallafawa acuity na gani;
- yana da anti-mai kumburi, anti-tari effects;
- m antioxidant.
Shin kuna sani? A tsakiyar zamanai, an yi amfani da Scorzonera don magance magungunan ganyayyaki.Saboda girman abun ciki na insulin, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da su a cikin abinci ga mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari. Bugu da ƙari, scorzonera ya ƙunshi karin lutein da carotene fiye da karamin karama, don haka yana da amfani sosai don rike hangen nesa.
Shirye-shiryen aikin kafin saukowa
Scorzonera yana son ƙarancin miya da mai kyau. Kafin dasa shuki karas, dole ne ka zaɓi wuri mai dacewa kuma ka shirya ƙasa. Don girma shuke-shuke dace yankin, haske daga iska mai ƙarfi. Kozelets ba su yarda da shading ba.
Yanki inda za'a shuka tsaba to ya kamata a bar shi daga weeds, a cikin shekarun da ta gabata kuma da kyau. Ƙasa ya zama sako-sako, mai laushi. Kada ka ƙyale babban ƙirji, in ba haka ba tsaba bazai haifar da shi ba.
Idan kasar gona ta yi yawa acidic, ya kamata a buga shi. Don hanzarta ci gaba da tsaba da kuma riƙe da danshi, kashin ƙasa na ƙasa, wanda zai yayyafa tsaba, ana bada shawarar da za a haɗuwa da peat ko sawdust. Kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa yana bada shawara don amfani da phosphorus-potassium da takin mai magani.
Kafin shuka, ana yalwata tsaba don rabin yini. An cire hatsi mai tsabta, suna da banza kuma ba su da amfani. Sa'an nan kuma an bada shawara a shimfiɗa kayan abin da ya rage a kan zane mai tsummoki kuma riƙe shi har tsawon kwanaki biyu, yana riƙe da yanayin sanyi. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, tsaba zasu juya kuma su kasance a shirye don shuka. Wannan hanya zai taimakawa wajen samar da tsaba da aka dasa a cikin ƙasa.
A lokaci, tsari da zurfin shuka tsaba Scorzoner
Za'a iya shuka tsaba a cikin bazara a cikin bazara da lokacin rani. Idan kuna so ku karbi 'ya'yan itatuwa a farkon shekara, kuna buƙatar shuka a karshen watan Afrilu. Idan kun yi shirin bunkasa scorcelonera a matsayin shuka na gari, ana shuka tsaba daga farkon Afrilu zuwa farkon Agusta.
Yana da muhimmanci! Tsaba da aka samo daga shuka a farkon shekara ta girma ba dace da shuka ba. Ba su yi girma ba da kuma samar da ƙananan tsire-tsire. Yi amfani kawai da tsaba da aka samo daga shuka na shekaru biyu.
Tun da tsire-tsire tana da tsayi na tsawon girma, ana shuka tsaba a farkon, da zaran ƙasa ta bushe bayan hunturu. Idan an yi shuka a cikin marigayi, 'ya'yan itatuwa za su zama na bakin ciki da kuma m. A cikin yankunan da ba su da sanyi sosai, ana iya shuka tsaba kafin hunturu. Kashi na gaba, asalinsu zasuyi girma a baya fiye da lokacin shuka.
Yawan amfanin gona na shuka zai zama kimanin 3 cm 15 g na kayan shuka yana daukar mita 10. Akwai hanyoyi hudu na shuka bisa ga irin wannan shirin:
- kunkuntar jere - 20-30 x 15-20 cm;
- m-jere - 45 x 15 cm;
- biyu-layi tef - (20 + 50) x 20 cm;
- hudu-jere taf - (15 + 15 + 15 + 45) x 25 cm.
Shin kuna sani? Mafi kyawun lokaci na shuka tsaba shine spring, tare da rani da kuma dasa shuki podzimny akwai babban haɗari cewa karas zasu yi girma a cikin mai tushe, ba a cikin tushen ba. Duk da haka, a cikin yankuna tare da marigayi kaka, sai ya fi kyau shuka shuka a lokacin rani ko spring a cikin greenhouse.
Noma da kuma kulawa
Scorzonera wani tsire-tsire ne mai tsire-tsire, kuma yana bunkasa shi daga zuriya ba ya kawo wani matsala. Ka'idoji mafi muhimmanci don samun nasarar nasara sune:
- dace watering;
- na yau da kullum ƙasa;
- mulching;
- sako mai tsabta;
- saman miya.
Yana da muhimmanci! Lokacin da aka dasa shuki a cikin shekarar farko na ci gaba, an kafa tsirrai mai tushe a kan tsire-tsire, wanda dole ne a tara shi.
A karkashin sharadin gwargwado, harbe zai bayyana a kwanaki 10. Lokacin da rubutun ganye 2-3 sun kasance a kansu, sai harbe ya rabu, ta bar 15 cm tsakanin su.Idan kun bi wadannan ka'idoji, za ku iya samun girbi mai kyau na 'ya'yan itatuwa masu girma, masu juyayi da lafiya.
Kula kula
Scorzonera yana son danshi, don haka tare da zafi mai tsawo ana bukatar shayar da shuka sau uku a mako. Kada a shayar da matasan matasan da yawa. Yayinda tsire-tsire suke girma, yawan ruwan yana buƙatar ƙarawa. A tsakiyar girma kakar, karas ana shayar sau ɗaya a mako.
Bugu da ƙari, yana da mahimmanci a koyaushe a cire ƙasa, yana taimakawa wajen shigar da lada da kuma oxygen zuwa tushen tsarin karas. Lokacin da sprouts ya kai 5 cm, an bada shawara don cike ƙasa tare da sawdust ko peat, wannan zai taimaka wajen riƙe laka a kusa da shuka. Mulki ƙasar an shayar da ƙasa sau da yawa, amma mafi yawan. Kafin kwanciya mulch ƙasa dole tsabtace daga weeds, loosened kuma shayar.
Wani muhimmin mahimmanci a kula da wani shuka shi ne dace tsaftacewa na weeds. Sun lalata ƙasa, dauki wuri don ci gaba da karas, sha na gina jiki daga ƙasa kuma taimakawa wajen bayyanar kwari.
Amfani
Don mafi girma girma ne da za'ayi sau biyu ciyar karas. A karo na farko ana amfani da takin mai magani wata daya bayan fitowar seedlings, karo na biyu - wata daya daga bisani.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ana amfani da takin mai magani a cikin samfurin ruwa.A matsayin abinci za ka iya amfani da irin wannan gauraya:
- wani bayani na tablespoon na nitrophoska a cikin 7 lita na ruwa;
- a bayani na biyu tabarau na itace ash a cikin 7 lita na ruwa;
- a 7 l na ruwa Mix 15 g na superphosphate da urea, 20 g da potassium nitrate.
Yana da amfani sosai daga tsakiyar kakar girma don ƙara itace ash zuwa jiko (lita daya da lita goma) lokacin da ruwa cikin ruwa. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi kyaun kayan da ke cikin tukwane, wadda ke taimakawa wajen bunkasa karas, kuma, maimaitawa, ya gurgunta kwari.Yi hankali tare da takin mai magani. A cikin adadi mai yawa, suna taimakawa wajen bunkasa cututtukan fungal. Ana yin riguna mafi kyau a safiya ko maraice, don haka kada ku ƙone tushen asalin.
Matsaloli masu yiwuwa tare da girma
A cikin aiwatar da girma karas, za ka iya haɗu da irin waɗannan matsaloli:
- matsanancin danshi ko rashin shi;
- saukowa thickening;
- kayar da cututtukan fungal;
- kwari.
- rottenness;
- 'ya'yan itace masu fashewa;
- hairiness na tushen amfanin gona.
Kwayoyin da suka fi yawa waɗanda zasu iya lalata amfanin gona sun hada da:
- rot (fari, bushe, launin toka, baki);
- bacteriosis;
- chalcosporosis.
Tare da shan kashi na shuka tare da baƙar fata, wanda ya fi tsayi a ciki, tare da lokaci a kan ganye ya zama siffofin rawaya.A matsayin yaki da cutar, an shuka shi da "Rovral".
Bayyana launin rawaya mai launin rawaya, wanda ya juya launin ruwan kasa ko ya juya baƙar fata, ya nuna launin ruwan kasa, wanda yayinda yake yaduwa tare da kayan ado na nettle ko horsetail yana da kyau. Cercosporosis yana nunawa da launin toka mai launin toka a kan ganye, jiyya na tsire-tsire da ruwa Bordeaux zai taimaka wajen yakar ta.
Tsire-tsire a cikin ci gaban girma zai iya lalacewa ta hanyar kwari, mafi yawan abin da yafi dacewa shine:
- takarda;
- tawadar;
- nematodes;
- Medvedka;
- slugs
Shin kuna sani? Elderwood girma kusa, chives ko woody ash yafa masa a kan ƙasa tsoratarwa tafi mafi yawan kwari.
Girbi da ajiyar amfanin gona
Ana gudanar da girbi a cikin watan Satumba. Wata rana kafin girbi, an bada shawarar cewa a yi amfani da ƙasa a hankali don haka ya fi sauƙin cire fitar da 'ya'yan itace. Bayan an cire karar daga ƙasa, dole ne a girgiza ƙasa tare da shi, yanke saman zuwa kai. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, an bushe' ya'yan itace a ƙarƙashin rufi.
Kafin ajiyewa, tabbatar da sake sake duba 'ya'yan itace don lalacewa. Don hunturu ya kamata ya dakatar da tushen safiyar lafiya. Zai fi kyau adana karas a cikin kwalaye a cikin ginshiki. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna dage farawa a cikin yadudduka, yayyafa su da rigar yashi ko gansakuka. Don hana 'ya'yan itace daga juyawa, ana bada shawarar da za a bi da wuri na ajiya tare da Bordeaux mai sayar da giya ko kuma cire wuta daga itace.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ka adana 'ya'yan itace a wuraren da zafin jiki ya kai fiye da digiri 10, karas zai shafe lokaci da fara farawa.Scorzonera, bisa ga bayanin, yayi kama da karar da muke saba da shi kuma mafi yawancin launi ne mai launin asalin amfanin gona. Kada ku ji tsoron scorcera da kuma tambayar yadda za ku yi girma. Hanyar dasawa da kulawa kusan kusan ganyayyaki na karas na orange.
