Mafi sau da yawa, a cikin ƙasa mai bude, kuma a cikin greenhouse, kuma a cikin akwati don seedlings, kayan lambu growers fi so in shuka ba bushe, amma riga germinated tumatir tsaba.
Domin tsarin zai ci nasara, kana buƙatar sanin gaba da gabatar da dukkan matakai, wato yadda za a shuka tsirrai tumatir.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gaya maka game da dukkanin abubuwan da ke tattare da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa, da kuma bada shawara game da yadda za'a hana kuskure.
Tsarukan tumatir
Da farko, kana buƙatar zaɓar iri iri.. Duk da cewa ko an sayar da tsaba a cikin kantin sayar da kayayyaki, saya "ta hannun" ko shirya don ajiya ta atomatik, wasu batches zasu kasance mafi mahimmanci, yayin da wasu na iya zama babban kashi wanda ya raunana har ma da ake kira "maras". Don duba wannan, ana gwada su don germination, ɗauke da rayayye da ƙaddara (kimantawa ta girman da bayyanar).
Sa'an nan ana bi da tsaba: disinfected, taurare da kuma garu, sa'an nan kuma ci gaba kai tsaye zuwa germination. Domin wannan zaka iya amfani da zane, gwaira ko, alal misali, pads auduga. Wasu masu shuka suna amfani da takarda na takarda.
Taimako Hanyoyin samar da masana'antu, suna da turquoise, blue ko koren launi, sun riga sun wuce dukkan horo, kuma basu buƙatar ƙarin aiki.
An rufe murfin gindin ƙarƙashin tsaba a cikin akwati mai filastik ko an rufe shi da polyethylene kuma ya bar a cikin ɗakin da aka shafe tsawon kwanaki, yawanci 3-4. Bayyana kananan ƙananan yana nufin shirye-shirye na tsaba don dasa.
Me yasa wannan ya faru?
Tsarin germination na tsaba ba wani ma'auni ba ne, amma yawancin masu shuka kayan lambu suna zuwa gare shi, saboda yana da muhimmancin gaske:
- Bishiyoyin tumatir da ba a shuka ba sun ƙi a gaba;
- hanya yana taimakawa wajen bunkasa girma: bambancin da tsaba ba tare da yaduwa ba zai iya zama daga kwanaki 2-3 zuwa 7 ko fiye;
- tsaba ƙarshe ya zama ƙwararri kuma mai yiwuwa;
- seedlings ya bayyana a ko'ina, kuma kula da seedlings a wani mataki na ci gaba ne sauki.
A yawan germination a lokacin da dasa shuki germinated tsaba ne mafi girma. Wataƙila rashin daidaituwa ta wannan hanyar shine cewa yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman da daidaito.
Pre saukowa
Yayin da aka shirya ƙasa da tsaba, ana shuka tsaba a cikin wani greenhouse ko cikin kwantena don seedlings. Ƙasa ta zuga kuma sai a zuga - don wannan, a matsayin mai mulkin, wani katako na katako mai ma'ana ko, alal misali, ana amfani da mai mulki.
Bayan dasa shuki, kwantena tare da bisan gaba an rufe shi da fim mai ba da haske, alal misali, polyethylene.
Hanyar farko
- An shirya katako na katako a cikin ƙasa, yana zuwa zurfin 5-10 mm: ta yin haka, an sanya layi, a kwashe yankin zuwa gadaje.
- Ana shuka tsaba a jere a nesa na 1 cm, tsakanin gadaje ya isa ya yi 2.5-3 cm.
- Bayan haka, ana fesa su da kuma yayyafa shi a cikin wani Layer na 8 mm don tsumburai da 1.5 cm na tsayi iri.
Hanya na biyu
- A ƙasa surface ne zuwa kashi murabba'ai na 4 × 4 cm.
- A tsakiyar kowannensu an yi dashi na 1.5 cm, inda aka sanya hatsi 3, bayan haka an kwantar da Layer kuma an shayar da shi tare da taimakon mai karfin hannu.
A lokacin rana, wajibi ne don kula da yawan zafin jiki na + 20-24 ° С, da dare - +18 ° C. Da manufa zafin jiki na tumatir ne +25 ° C.
Landing a cikin ƙasa
Kafin dasa shuki, wajibi ne don shirya cakuda ƙasa ko kuma karya ta cikin ƙasa, da kuma wankewa, kuma idan ya cancanta, ƙara da takin gargajiya, tabbatar da cewa yanayin zafi yana dacewa da shuka don yayi girma kuma ba fada barci, duba daidaito da yanayin ƙasa.
Ƙasa
Ana sayo ruwan magani ko sanya kansa ta hanyar kirga daidai sassa na turf, peat land da humus. Idan an shirya ƙasar don seedlings, an bada shawara su hada da abun da ke ciki na sawdust.
Ga kasar gona ba ta da mahimmanci ga harbe, yana kara yashi, wanda aka tara a kan bankunan kogi, a cikin kashi 1/5 na jimlar.
Ba za ka iya ɗaukar ƙasar ba, wadda ke kusa da filayen ban ruwa da tafki: yana iya zama mai guba. A Layer kauri daga cikin cakuda don dasa shuki tsaba ne 4-5 cm.
Lokacin da aka shirya seedlings don yin nutsewa, sai a kara ƙasa a kan ƙasa, wanda ya hada da phosphorus, magnesium, boron, potassium, molybdenum, manganese, jan karfe da nitrogen: 1 tbsp. cokali na ma'adinai taki na 10-12 kg na cakuda ƙasa.
Kwana biyu kafin a dasa shuki, kasar gona tana da cututtuka.: sunadarin potassium (potassium permanganate) an rushe a cikin ruwan zafi da zubar.
Mafi kyau lokaci
Lokaci na dasa shuki tsaba yafi dogara akan inda grower yayi shirin shuka su. Dasa a cikin ƙasa ya kamata ya fara ba a farkon watan Maris ba, ana gudanar da ita a cikin wani korafi ko ganga don seedlings daga Fabrairu 18-20 har zuwa watanni 10-15 na watan mai zuwa. Dole ne a kafa karin kwanakin da ya dace, kuma daga wasu dalilai: a sa tumatir, siffofin hawan dutse, yanayin waje na namo.
Majalisar A kowane hali, yana da mahimmanci don biyan lokacin saukowa wanda mai sayarwa ta faɗi: yawanci wannan bayanin an rubuta kai tsaye a kan jaka na tsaba ko a cikin umarnin da aka rufe.
Sprouted harbe
Lokacin da ganye biyu na farko suka fito daga ƙasa, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar samar da isasshen haske. Ana bada kwantena da seedlings don a sanya kusa da taga.. Idan an dasa shuki a watan Fabrairun, dukansu biyu da a cikin greenhouse ya kamata a shirya fitilun artificial.
A wannan yanayin, tsawon kwanaki 5, zafin jiki zai kasance daga +14 zuwa +16 ° C a rana kuma zuwa 12 ° C da dare, bayan haka ya kamata a tashe shi zuwa matakin da baya. Bayan da aka shuka kowane shuka, dole ne a ciyar da tsire-tsire, da sauran kwayoyi da ma'adinai a cikin ruwa.
Umurnin shuka
Girma saplings nutsewa: tare da clod na ƙasa da suke transplanted a cikin kwantena filastik (misali, kofuna waɗanda), sa'an nan kuma an sanya su a pallets tare da sawdust 2-3 cm Layer kuma cike da cakuda wanda tsaba germinated. Bayan daukan tsire-tsire za a iya shayar da su sosai.
Idan ganye daga cikin tsire-tsire masu duhu ne, kuma tushe yana da ƙananan launin toka a launi, tsire-tsire ba sa buƙatar tallafin abinci. In ba haka ba, dole ne a kara taki da kwana bakwai kafin a canza shi.
Kwana uku kafin a dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa ƙananan ganye an cire. Rijiyoyi da zurfin 10-15 cm suna cike da cike da ƙasa mai gina jiki da kuma zubar da wani bayani mai ruwa-ruwa na cikakken m purple-colored potassium permanganate don ƙarin disinfection.
Idan an shirya nesting don dasa shuki, sa'an nan a cikin wani square na 80x80 cm, 2-3 shuke-shuke na undersized ko 2 shuke-shuke da iri iri.
Hakanan zaka iya shuka tsaba a cikin wani gine-gine ko a ƙasa mai bude domin ci gaba da cigaba da ci gaba da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ba tare da sashi ba. A wannan yanayin, nisa tsakanin ramuka da tsaba ana kiyaye 2-3 cm da 7-10 cm, daidai da haka. A cikin kowace daji an dasa tsaba tare da gefen 2-3 nau'i. Seedlings a cikin daya gida ya zama na iri iri iri.
Matsaloli masu yiwuwa yiwuwar da gargadi
- Yaran da aka dasa sunyi buƙatar kulawa da hankali: lokacin da kashin baya ya lalace, ba zai bayyana ba. Dole ne a tuna da wannan a lokacin shuka (don tabbatar da cewa tushen ba sa samuwa) da lokacin dasa.
- A lokacin saukowa, wajibi ne don kula da nisa tsakanin ramuka da gadaje. An dasa shi a hankali, tsire-tsire bazai da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki, oxygen da ruwa kuma ya raunana. Ko kuma je zuwa gagarumin girma a cikin biyan haske zuwa mummunan 'ya'yan itace.
- Kada ku kwashe wuri da wuri. Dole ne ku jira ƙasa da iska don dumi sosai, kuma daskarewa ba zai faru ba da dare. Idan sanyi ya yi yawa, shuka zai "fada barci." Duk lokacin jinkiri zai iya rinjayar yawa da kuma ingancin amfanin gona na gaba.
- Dole ne a tabbatar cewa tsaba ba su da zurfin zurfi, daga inda sprouts zasu yi hanyar zuwa sama don dogon lokaci da wahala. Watering ƙasa dole ne a gudanar kafin a saukowa, don haka tsaba ba su fada. Bayan haka, ana iya gyara zafi ta hanyar rufe kayan amfanin gona ko yin amfani da sprayer. Ya isa ba a binne kananan tsaba ba, amma kawai don yayyafa da ƙasa.
- Idan ba a lalata ƙasa ba, zai iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta da cututtuka na tsaba da tsire-tsire.
- A ƙasa mai nauyi, tsire-tsire zasu yi girma sosai, kuma a cikin ƙasa mai yawa, zasu iya fara girma.
- Kafin sauka da kuma bayan an buƙatar bin yanayin ƙasa. Oxygen ya shiga cikin ƙasa mai yalwace, wanda yake da mummunar damuwa tare da ci gaba da raguwa har ma da mutuwar tsaba, kuma zai kasance da wahala a gare su su fita waje a bushe da kuma kwance. Har ila yau, lalacewar wuce haddi na iya haifar da musa. Don kauce wa wannan, bayan da bazuwa, yana da muhimmanci don gudanar da iska sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a rana, cire murfin.
- Idan hatsi ba su da danda bayan ban ruwa, dole ne a cika ƙasa da launi na 1-1.5 cm Don kaucewa wannan, ba za ka iya yin ruwa ba, amma ka yi nesa.
- Idan ana shuka tsire-tsire a ƙasa mai ƙasa, a zafin jiki na +26 ° C da sama, an yi wa fim ya juya daga tarnaƙi.
Tumatir wata al'ada ce mai sauƙi don kiwo, wanda duka masu sani da masu farawa suna jin dadi tare da jin dadi.
