Davallia: bayanin, nau'ikan, kulawar gida

Davallia shine tsire-tsire na ornamental epiphyte. Ana samun wannan ciyamanin a cikin yanayi a yankuna na wurare masu zafi na Asiya, gami da China da Japan, da kuma a tsibirin Canary. An shuka shi sosai a cikin katako da kuma wuraren zama, a ƙarƙashin kullun dumama. An ambata sunan girmamawa ga wani masanin Botanist na asalin Turanci E. Davalla.

Bayanin davallia

A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, fern ya kai 1.5 m in fadi da m 1 m, kuma a cikin tsire-tsire na cikin gida yana dakatar da girma tare da tushe na 45 cm. Saboda rhizome, yalwataccen launin ruwan farin, ya karɓi sanannen suna "bera kafa". A kan tushe, zaka kuma iya ganin sikelin launin ruwan kasa ko inuwa mai launin ruwan kasa.

Crohn yana yadawa. Ganyen suna bude aiki, kore mai haske, mai rarrashi sosai, a yawancin jinsunan nau'in triangular, kodayake akwai kuma m ko rhomboid. Arshe yana a cikin tushe, wanda shine dalilin da yasa aka fi son davallia don yayi girma a matsayin fure mai girma. A bayan farantin ganye sune sporangia launin ruwan kasa (sashin jikin da spores yake fitowa, yana buɗewa yayin lokacin kiwo).

Iri davallia

Akwai ƙananan nau'ikan 60 na shuka. Kyawawan nau'ikan ado waɗanda za a iya girma ba wai kawai a cikin greenhouse ba, har ma a cikin yanayi na ɗakin, ana gabatar da su a ƙasa.

Kula davallia a gida

Dasawa, ƙasa

Tukunyar dasa ya kamata ya zama mai fadi da fadi. Don ƙirƙirar magudanar ruwa daga yumɓu da aka faɗaɗa a ƙasa. Haɗa ruwan ƙasa daga waɗannan abubuwan da ke gaba a cikin rabo na 2: 1: 1: 1: 2:

• peat;
• kogin kogi;
• ƙasar turf
• ƙwayar sphagnum
• humus humus.

Ya kamata a yi juyawa sau 2 ko sau ɗaya a shekara idan tushen ya cika tukunya da sauri. Za'a iya aiwatar da hanyar daga Maris zuwa Afrilu.

Kiwo

Fern ba shi da tsaba; don haifuwa, ana iya amfani da dabbobi ko kuma sassan rhizome. Hanya ta farko ta fi rikitarwa:

• Spores yayi girma a bayan ganye. Wani inuwa mai duhu yana nuna shiri don shuka. Idan launi ya dace, ya kamata a narkar da spores kuma a bushe a wurin duhu tsawon awanni 48.
• Yi ƙaramin akwati cike da rigar peat. An bada shawarar zuwa cikin ƙasa ta ruwan zãfi ko ruwan ɗumbin ƙwayar cuta: wannan zai ƙara saurin kamuwa da tsiron.
• Danshi kasar gona, yada spores a ko'ina a farfajiya. Rufe aljihun tebur ko tukunya da tsare tare da barin akwati akan windowsill mai walƙiya, a cikin ɗaki mai yawan zafin jiki na akalla +12 ° C. Bayan germination (yana faruwa a cikin wata 1) fesa peat daga gun fesa.
• Rike sprouts a ƙarƙashin fim, iska kullun na mintina 15. Ci gaba da sanyaya durin daga bindigar da aka fesa.
• Idan seedlings sun yi kusa sosai, ku fito da (don dasa ƙarin fili, ɗauka tare da hanzaran).
• A hankali ƙara yawan lokacin iska kuma wata daya bayan fitowar sprouts, ƙarshe cire fim.

Hanyar da ta fi dacewa da sauƙi ita ce rarraba rhizome. Tsarin aiwatar da kisa:

• Cire tsiron da ɗan ƙaramin daga tukunyar. Cire ƙasa daga tushen.
• Tare da kaifi, ruwa mai haifuwa, raba rhizome cikin sassan akalla 7 cm tare da akalla ganye guda a kowane. Tsara da raunuka tare da ci na baƙin ƙarfe.
• Tsarin sassan a cikin kwantena daban. Don watanni 1-2, ba da kulawa ta musamman ga sababbin ferns.

Kuna iya amfani da wani ɓangare na shuka don tushe: tushe ko ganye. Sakamakon wannan lamari ba shi da tabbas, amma idan an adana sashin cikin gidan kore, har yanzu yana yiwuwa.

Matsalar girma davallia

Rashin bin ka'idodin kulawa a gida yana tsoratar da wilting ko lalata shuka. Wadannan da sauran matsaloli, da kuma matakan magance su, an gabatar dasu a kasa.

Cutar da kwari