Echeveria wata itaciya ce da dangin Tolstyankovyh, wanda aka girma kamar yadda yake dasa shuki. Furen fureveria ya isa Rasha daga Mexico kuma cikin sauri ya sami karbuwa tsakanin masu noman furanni, musamman tsakanin waɗanda ke da alamun cin nasara. Mashahurin sunan bishiyar itace fure. Hakanan, bisa kuskure, ya saba rikitar da saurayin saboda kamannin waje. Fara farawa masu furen fure kada suji tsoron fara wannan shuka, tunda kulawar fureve na echeveria a gida abu ne mai sauki. Ita kyakkyawa ce, baƙon abu da ban sha'awa.
Babban nau'in echeveria
A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, botanists sun bayyana nau'ikan 150 na wannan shuka, amma wasu kawai suna girma a gida.
Echeveria m
Babban halaye na nau'in sune fleshy, ganye masu launin shuɗi mai haske, 5 cm tsayi kuma 2 cm fadi, rosette lebur, harbe mai madaidaiciya wanda ke shimfiɗa ƙasa tare da shekaru kuma yana da ikon samun tushen kai tsaye. A cikin shuka mai girma, rosette na iya isa 17 cm a diamita, matashin harbe yana kan dogaye mai tsayi na launin ruwan hoda ko launin rawaya.
Echeveria
Echeveria Agavoidis
Yana da wakilci guda ɗaya da kanti ya kai fiye da 25 cm a diamita. Youngan matattun ƙananan matasa galibi ba su bayyana kwata-kwata. Ganyen mai siffar triangular girma zuwa 9 cm a tsawon kuma 6 cm fadi. Canza launin kore tare da jan ja. Ganyen ido. Inflorescences na orange launi suna kan babban peduncle.
Agave-dimbin yawa iri-iri
Echeveria Lau
Succulents tare da rosette game da 20 cm a diamita, ya fita har zuwa 6 cm a tsawon. Feature - plaque a cikin ganyayyaki, saboda wanda shuka yayi kusan fari fari. Wani bambanci daga wasu nau'ikan yana da girma, har zuwa tsawon furanni 2 cm, wanda ke kan faɗin katako mai haske na launuka mai haske.
Sort Lau
Echeveria daɗi
Tsutsa tsutsa, wanda, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba a irin wannan yanayin yake ba. Rosettes suna da sifa kamar sihiri, a kowane ɗayansu akwai har zuwa ɗaruruwan ganyen zaitun masu haske har zuwa 9 cm tsayi kuma har zuwa tsawon cm 3. Ya samu sunan ta godiya ga Fluffy ganye an rufe shi da kananan setae.
Echeveria daɗi
Kayanda Echeveria
Perennial tare da karamin kanti, ganyen mai launin shuɗi. A kwana a tashi, tserewa ta fara yaɗuwa ƙasa. Blooms a tsakiyar lokacin rani tare da furanni-orange furanni.
Mijinda Echeveria
Babban fasalin shi ne launi sabon abu na ganyen ganye. Suna iya zama ruwan hoda, ja, ruwan hoda, rawaya. A waje yayi kama da lotus.
Grade Miranda
Echeveria Shavian
A waje kama da shugaban kabeji. An kwatanta shi da ɗan gajeren tushe da ganyayyaki mai ƙarancin ƙarfi fiye da sauran wakilan nau'in. Bar ya ƙare tare da gefuna wavy dage farawa a cikin m kanti. Yana fure a tsakiyar lokacin bazara. A lokacin dormancy, yana zubar da mafi yawan kambi.
Shaviana iri-iri
Tsarkakakken abincin
Yana da karamin shuki tare da madaidaitan ciyawa, rosette wanda aka kafa daga manyan fure mai launin toka-kore. A inflorescence ne mai haske mai girma. Zai iya samun daga kananan furanni 30 zuwa 60. Daga cikin nau'ikan shararrun dabbobi, dangin sa kuma sun shahara - echeveria Pearl na Nuremberg da Metallic.
Kula! A cikin shagunan furanni, mafi yawan abin sayar da echeveria shine mafi yawan lokuta ana sayar da su, tare da haɗa nau'ikan daban-daban. Kuma tare za su iya samar da sabon abu, ainihin abin da ke ciki.
Echeveria: kulawar gida
Karkashin wasu ka'idoji, dutse mai fure zai iya yin ado da kowane sill taga, girma a wuraren da yawancin tsire-tsire ba sa son (alal misali, a gefen kudu), har ma don Allah tare da furanni na shekara-shekara. Don kulawaveria ba kadan ba ne, kuma sakamakon zai gamsar da masu girbe furanni tsawon shekaru.
Zazzabi
Masu son juna, kamar sauran dangin sa, ba su yin watsi da tsarin zazzabi. A lokacin rani, a cikin lokacin girma, yana iya jure yanayin zafi har zuwa 27-30 ° С, a cikin hunturu, ana la'akari da 10-12 ° the mafi kyawun zaɓi. A cikin hunturu, wannan zai taimaka sa furen fure mai ƙarfi don shekara mai zuwa. Amma zafin jiki na dakin ma ya dace idan babu wata hanyar da za a iya tsabtace tsirrai a cikin daki mai sanyi.
Haske
Kyakkyawar fure mai hoto. Don aikinta, windows ta kudu suna da kyau, waɗanda furanni na cikin gida da yawa suke gujewa. Koyaya, yakamata tsire-tsire ya saba da haske mai haske a hankali don kauce wa kunar rana a jiki. Amma daga baya ya kasance a cikin hasken rana cewa suna jin mafi kyawun, ganyayyaki sun sami iyakar burgundy mai ban sha'awa, kuma furanni da aka haifar sune ainihin mu'ujiza. Kuma don fure a cikin yanayin zafi na rana, wannan babban nasara zai zama mafi girma, haske da tsawon rai. Duk da gaskiyar cewa wannan itaciya ana ɗaukar shi mai tsayi zuwa sa'o'in hasken rana, ya kamata ka tabbata cewa aƙalla a lokacin lokacin haɓaka mai aiki ya kamata ya zama aƙalla awanni 10-12. Saboda wannan, mutane da yawa a lokacin bazara suna jujjuya shi daga gida zuwa iska mai kyau, zuwa wancan gefen mãkirci tare da mafi yawan hasken rana.
Mahimmanci! Wannan tsire-tsire yana dacewa da sararin samaniya daidai kuma yana yin ado da kowane tsauni mai tsayi a gonar.
Alpine slide tare da dutse wardi
Watse
Dankin ya yarda da bushewar iska, don haka ba za ku iya fesa shi daga bindiga da aka fesa ba ta kowane yanayi, tare da danshi mai yawa, lalacewar ganye tana yiwuwa. A cikin lokacin dumi, shayarwa wajibi ne kawai kamar yadda ya cancanta, lokacin da dunƙule keɓaɓɓun ya bushe. Lokacin dasa shuki a kan titi, shayarwa wajibi ne kawai a yanayin yanayin rani mai bushe. A cikin hunturu, a ƙarancin zafin jiki, kuna buƙatar ruwa sau ɗaya kowace mako biyu, a zazzabi talakawa - kamar yadda ya cancanta, kawai tare da ruwa mai tsauri. Watering kawai basal don kada ku shiga kan mafita.
Fesa
Ya kamata a guji yaduwa koda a cikin yanayi mafi zafi, saboda wannan shuka da ake amfani da ita na Mexico ta saba da bushewar iska, amma baya jure tara danshi a cikin ganyayyaki. Don cire ƙura, an goge ganyen tare da zane mai laushi kaɗan.
Mahimmanci! Ba za ku iya shafa tsire-tsire ba idan suna da villi ko plaque a kansu. Ga irin waɗannan nau'ikan, wannan na iya zama m.
Shuka tsiro a cikin daji
Haushi
Echeveria ba ya son ɗakunan da ke da zafi sosai, yana son bushe. Hakanan, danshi na ƙasa ba ya taka babbar rawa a gare shi. Tana cikin nutsuwa ko da kaɗan na fari.
Kasar
Kyakkyawan zaɓi don ƙasa zai zama madaidaicin shirye-shiryen da aka yi don cacti ko succulents. A can, tsire-tsire suna girma kuma suna haɓaka da kyau. Amma ga waɗancan lambu waɗanda suka fi son yin cakuda ƙasa ta kansu, akwai zaɓi na gaba:
- yumbu-turf ƙasa (3 sassa);
- ganye rotted ƙasa (1 part);
- m kogin yashi (1 part);
- kwakwalwan brick (kashi 1).
Mahimmanci! Yana da mahimmanci a shirya magudanar ruwa, kamar yadda yumɓu masu yumɓu da suka fi dacewa da shi, ba tare da hakan ba zai zama da wahala a shuka tsiro.
Manyan miya
Ana ciyar da dutsen dutse a lokacin girma; a lokacin hunturu, an soke ɓarnar da take gaba ɗaya. Kuna buƙatar yin takin ma'adinai don succulents ko cacti, wanda aka sayar a cikin shagunan. Ba a buƙatar takin gargajiya. Ya kamata a guji wuce haddi na nitrogen, wannan na iya haifar da ci gaban wasu cututtukan fungal. Ba za ku iya ciyar da shuka ba sau da yawa, saboda takin da ya wuce ya na iya lalata tushen tsiro.
Mahimmanci! Idan ana maye gurbin babban matakin kwandon a kai a kai, za a iya fitar da ƙananan sashe gabaɗaya.
Ta yaya echeveria ke yadawa
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yaduwar echeveria. Germination daga tsaba shine mafi wuya. Mafi sauƙaƙa sune ƙananan ganye masu ganye da kwandunan 'ya mace.
Shuka shuka
A ƙarshen Fabrairu - farkon Maris, ana shuka kayan abu a cakuda peat da yashi. Tare da rufe cellophane ko gilashi. Yanayin zafin jiki a cikin dakin kada ya zama ƙasa da 20 ° C, amma ba mai zafi ba. Lokaci-lokaci a kori kura na kore don guje wa samuwar mold, da ruwa daga bindigar da aka fesa. Bayan kimanin makonni biyu, kowane iri zai yi girma.
Bayan ganyayen 2-3 suka bayyana a kansu, zaku iya nitsar da kananan tukwane dabam tare da cakuda ƙasa da yashi (2: 1). Bayan girma kantuna zuwa 2-3 cm, ana iya watsa su cikin tukwane masu dacewa da girman su.
Rooting cuttings
Kafin dasa shuki, ya zama dole a shirya tukwane tare da diamita na kusan 10 cm kuma a cika su da yashi ko kuma takin. Kafin dasa shuki (da ganye da tsintsiya), an barsu kaɗan su kwanta, saboda su so. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan hanyar yaduwa koyaushe tana da inganci, kuma dukkan cuttuna suna da tushe. Mafi kyawun lokacin haifuwa ta wannan hanyar shine lokacin bazara, amma ana iya yinsa a lokacin bazara kafin ƙarshen lokacin girma.
Farfagandar ta yanke
Sake bugun ta ta hanyar amfani da kayan abinci
Hanya mafi sauƙi don echeveria ta yadu ta hanyar amfani da safa na mata. Yawancin nau'ikansa a cikin bazara suna samar da ƙananan setanyan rotestes waɗanda za'a iya dasa su cikin tukunya kuma su shuka sabon tsiro. Ana shuka haran a cikin ƙananan kwantena cike da ƙasa don tsirrai. Cikakken tushensu a cikin sabon wuri yana da sauri.
Kula! Za'a iya dasa samfuran matasa da yawa a cikin tukunya ɗaya a lokaci daya, wanda ke haifar da abun da ke ciki mai ban sha'awa.
Sake bugun ta ta hanyar amfani da kayan abinci
Dasawa bayan sayan
Newbie manoma ba su san yadda za su kula da echeveria bayan sayan. Suna nannade ta cikin wani sabon tukunya nan take. Haka ne, dasawa ya zama dole, saboda abin da ake siyar da shuka wanda bai dace da aikin noman na dogon lokaci ba, tunda kusan babu wasu abubuwan gina jiki a ciki. Amma dasawa ba lallai ba ne nan da nan, lokacin keɓewa na kimanin makonni biyu wajibi ne. Dole ne a sanya tsire a kan taga sill daban don ya dace da sabon yanayin muhalli. Hakanan dole ne a bincika don cututtuka da kwari. Bayan haka, an dasa dutsen a cikin abun da ke ciki na tsire-tsire na balagaggu, tare da kwanciya magudanar ruwa na akalla kwata daga tukunyar.
Mahimmanci! Zai fi kyau sake dasa shuka da aka saya a cikin hunturu kawai a cikin bazara a farkon lokacin ci gaban aiki.
Matsaloli masu yuwuwar gaske a cikin girma
Mafi haɗari ga shuka shine wuce haddi na danshi, tarawa a cikin safa, kazalika da wuce gona da iri na tushen sa. Wannan wani abu ne don gujewa a sauƙaƙe. Amma akwai wasu matsaloli.
Ganyen Echeveria sun fadi
Mutane da yawa, musamman masu ƙwarewa, masu girbi na fure sau da yawa suna mamakin dalilin da yasa wannan fure mara ma'ana ta faɗi ganye. Cikakken ganye ya faɗi, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba ya faruwa, amma soket ɗin a kan tushe mai tushe ya ragu. Babban dalilin shine karkatar da tushen saboda yawan danshi. Wannan matsalar tana dacewa musamman lokacin sanyi. Kada ku fid da zuciya. Na farko, ganyayyaki da suka fadi na iya kafe idan suna lafiya. Yawancin matasa tsirrai zasuyi girma daga garesu. Abu na biyu, yana da daraja bushewar ƙurar dunƙule, zaku iya fitar da ita daga tukunya, a hankali a yanka tushen da lalatattun abubuwa kuma a dasa dutse a sabuwar ƙasa.
Echeveria yana girma
Tare da kulawa mara kyau, echeveria na iya shimfiɗa ta. A kimiyyance, yawan girma mai girma shine ake kira etiolation. Wannan na faruwa ne lokacin da karancin haske, wanda ya zama ruwan dare musamman lokacin hunturu.
Mahimmanci! Waterlogging da zazzabi mai zafi sosai ma sun dace da wannan aikin. Don rage jinkirin girma, kuna buƙatar sanya shuka a cikin wuri mai sanyi, shirya haske akan shi kuma rage ruwa.
Idan dutse ya riga ya miƙa, kuna buƙatar yanke da kuma tushen kambi na elongated ko dasa dukkanin 'ya'yan, hanyoyin da tushen tushe. Idan an kara kambi, kuma babu wata hanyar fita ta al'ada don tushen har yanzu, yana da daraja jira har sai ya bayyana. Amma a cikin yanayin da ya cancanta a sama kawai.
Echeveria (dutse mai tsayi) kyakkyawa ne kuma sabon abu mai kyau, maras ban sha'awa da rashin fassara a cikin kulawa. Tabbas yana da daraja a kawo wa waɗanda suke ƙaunar haɓaka wakilan wannan rukunin fure, zai yi ado da kowane tsaunukan tsaunuka. Ana iya amfani dashi don masu farawa, zai gamsar da masoya na floriculture, wannan shuka zaiyi alfahari a kowane lokaci na shekara.
