Sayen buckwheat a cikin shagon da cin buckwheat porridge, ba ma ma tunani game da tambayar yadda wannan shuka ke tsiro da kuma abin da matakai buckwheat ke wuce kafin samun zuwa shelves shelves. Yi la'akari dalla-dalla menene buckwheat, yadda ake girma, da kuma yadda muhimmancin kowane mataki yake a cikin noma buckwheat.
Fasali na halitta na buckwheat
Buckwheat shuka yana da nauyin Halitta Fagopyrum. Tsarin buckwheat ya ƙunshi fiye da nau'in 15 na Buckwheat iyali. Daya daga cikin nau'in suna da sunan buckwheat. Wannan ganye ita ce amfanin gona. Gidajen gida ta buckwheat - North India da Nepal. A nan an kira shi baki shinkafa. An gabatar da shi cikin al'adun fiye da shekaru dubu 5 da suka wuce. Bisa ga wata fassarar, buckwheat ya zo Turai a lokacin mamaye Tatar-Mongol. Daga cikin mutanen Slavic sun sami sunan buckwheat saboda sakamakon kayayyaki daga Byzantium a cikin karni na VII.
Buckwheat wani shuki ne na shekara-shekara kuma yana da sauƙi.
Tushen tushen ƙunshi tushe tushe tare da dogon tsattsauran matakai. An ba da talauci idan aka kwatanta da wasu shuke-shuke. Ayyukan ɓangaren sama na asalin shuka shine assimilation na gina jiki daga ƙasa, ƙananan ɓangaren - ruwa na shuka. Tsarin tushen yana tasowa a cikin dukan lokacin girma.
Buckwheat stalk Branched, m, mai lankwasa a knots, 0.5-1 m high, 2-8 mm lokacin farin ciki, kore a cikin inuwa ido da kuma launin ruwan kasa launin ruwan kasa a cikin rana rana. Tsuntsaye mai taushi, na bakin ciki, sauƙi lalacewa ta hanyar frosts kuma na farko da zai sha wahala daga fari.
Flowers an tattara ta a cikin launi na launin fari ko ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda. Ya bayyana a watan Yuli, samun wari mai ban sha'awa da kuma jawo hankalin ƙudan zuma.
Bar daban: cotyledon, sessile, petiolate. 'Ya'yan itacen yana da yawa a cikin siffar. Dangane da yanayin haƙarƙarin da gefuna na 'ya'yan itace, siffofi na winged, wingless da matsakaici sun bambanta. Launi na 'ya'yan itace ne baki, launin ruwan kasa, azurfa. Girman 'ya'yan itace ya dogara da nau'in buckwheat da girma. An yalwata 'ya'yan itacen da harsashi mai mahimmanci, wanda sauƙin raba shi.
Ƙasa: aiki da taki
Yawan aikin girma buckwheat ya dogara da yanayin da ƙasa. Mafi yawan amfanin da aka samu a cikin gandun daji da kuma Polesye. Tsarin zai iya girma akan kasa mai yawa, amma don cimma nasarar da kake buƙatar sanin cewa buckwheat yana son kasa wanda ke da zafi sosai kuma ya isasshe cikakken da oxygen da na gina jiki tare da raunin acidic ko tsaka tsaki (pH 5.5-7). A kan nauyi, ƙwayoyin ƙasa sun daɗa yin iyo, yawan amfanin gonar zai zama kadan.
Tsarin kayan aikin buckwheat na iya zama daban. Girman noma na kasar gona da kuma lokacin da ake jiyya ya dogara ne akan yanayin yanayi da al'adun wanda ya riga ya kasance. Tun da buckwheat ita ce al'adun shuka, babban aiki a lokacin tillage shi ne iyakar dima riƙewa, suna sa tsaba masu shuka suyi girma a lokacin zamani, samar da tsarin ƙasa mai kyau da kuma jeri.
Rashin hade mai kyau a cikin ƙasa yana da mahimmanci wajen kara yawan amfanin gona. buckwheat Don samar da hatsi guda 1, shuka yana cin kilogiram na 3-5 na nitrogen daga ƙasa, 2-4 kilogiram na phosphorus, 5-6 kilogiram na potassium. Sabili da haka, tsarin hako mai tsire-tsire ya kamata ya dogara ne akan hanyar da aka daidaita bisa ga binciken ƙasa. Wannan ya kamata la'akari da buƙatar abubuwan gina jiki don amfanin gona da kuma amfani da waɗannan abubuwa ta girbi mai zuwa. Wajibi ne a san cewa ana amfani da phosphate da kuma takin mai magani na potash don hatsi a lokacin girbi na kaka ko a lokacin da shuka tsaba, da takin mai magani - a cikin bazara a lokacin namo ko a matsayin dakin ado.
Mafi yawan lokutan da ake amfani da nitrogen don buckwheat shine lokacin budding. Ma'adinai na hakar ma'adanai yana inganta ma'auni na ingancin hatsi: yana kara yawansa, inganta abun da ke da sinadarai kuma ya rage yarinyar. Hanyoyin ammonium nitrate da daya kan miyawa 60 -80 kg / ha. Ya kamata a lura cewa ga chernozem da chestnut kasa wannan fasaha a cikin namo na buckwheat ba shi da wani amfani aikace-aikace a cikin fasaha na namo. A cikin yankunan arewacin, ana iya amfani da dukkanin takin mai magani na ma'adanai a lokacin bazara, da kuma takin gargajiya na granular - lokacin shuka.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ana amfani da takin mai magani da ke dauke da chlorine a cikin fall, idan ya cancanta, tun lokacin buckwheat ya nuna musu mummunan haushi.Kada mu manta game da muhimmancin takin gargajiya da bambaro, masara da kuma sunflower a matsayin wani abu na haifar da kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa. Har ila yau hatsi suna bukatar microelements: manganese, tutiya, jan karfe, boron. Zai fi dacewa don sarrafa tsaba don shuka. 50-100 of g manganese sulphate, 150 g na boric acid, 50 g na tutiya sulphate ake bukata domin 1 ton na tsaba.
Mai kyau da mummunan magabata na buckwheat
Don cimma yawancin buckwheat mai girma dole ne la'akari da wurinsa a juyawa. Shekaru na kwarewa da masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da hakan Mafi kyawun buckwheat shine amfanin gona na hunturu, legumes, da kuma amfanin gona. Ba'a ba da shawarar shuka shi ba bayan amfanin gonar hatsi, saboda akwai mummunan ƙwayar ƙasa tare da weeds, wanda hakan yana rinjayar yawan amfanin ƙasa. Bayan girver, yawan amfanin gona na buckwheat ya karu da kashi 41 cikin 100, bayan kwasfa - by 29%, dankali - kashi 25%, hatsin rai na hunturu - by 15% Bayan sha'ir, yawan amfanin ƙasa za ta karu da kashi 16%, kashi 21%.
Yana da kyau a shuka buckwheat bayan an gama shi: gwoza, masara, dankalin turawa, kayan lambu. Bayan hunturu, buckwheat ma ya bunƙasa. Yana amfani da takin gargajiya da ma'adinai da aka yi amfani da shi a karkashin amfanin gona na baya. Don inganta yawan amfanin buckwheat, yin amfani da bambaro da kuma saka shi a cikin ƙasa na amfanin gona na hatsi na baya an yi amfani dashi a matsayin madadin taki. Yayinda suke da kyau don buckwheat, ana amfani da al'adun gargajiya na iri iri: vetch, wani ciyawa na ciyawa na naman alade, waken soya.
Yana da muhimmanci! Yawan amfanin gona na buckwheat da aka shuka bayan da dankalin turawa, ko kuma hatsi, ya rage.
Wasu masana kimiyya sun gaskata cewa kasancewa mai tsabta mai tsabta a cikin hanyar haɗin gwargwadon amfanin gona yana ƙaruwa yawan amfanin buckwheat idan aka kwatanta da ma'anar maras kyauta. Wani amfanin gona na buckwheat da aka ci gaba yana haifar da rage yawan amfanin ƙasa ta 41-55%. A lokacin gudanar da bincike, yawancin yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin mahaɗin ma'aurata - peas - buckwheat da kuma muni da shekaru uku da aka shuka ta buckwheat an kafa.Buckwheat shi ne amfanin gona na phytosanitary. Idan bayan girbi hatsi hatsi, lalacewarsu ga tushen su zai rage ta sau 2-4 a kwatanta da girbi bayan girbin hatsi. Dangane da tsarin tushensa, buckwheat rage yawancin ƙasa. Wannan yana da sakamako mai kyau akan ci gaban amfanin gona da aka shuka bayan shi.
Tsarin shirye
Hanya mafi kyau na iri iri iri da shirye-shirye na tsaba don dasa shuki na haɓaka yawan amfanin gona.
Jiyya na tsaba buckwheat don shuka suna samar da disinfection daga cututtuka, inganta germination da faruwa 1-2 makonni kafin shuka. Kamar yadda fim na farko ya yi amfani da mafitacin man fetur na manne. Sun ƙara kwayoyi "Fenor", "Vitatiuram", "Ƙarin", "Fundazol" bisa ga umarnin kuma tsinke tsaba tare da hanyar moistening ko mai ruwa-ruwa dakatar. Kwaro da cututtuka na buckwheat, irin su launin toka, mildew, da dai sauransu, magani na iri ba zai sami damar ba. Wannan mahimmanci yana rinjayar karuwar yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Dasa kwanakin
Dole ne a shuka buckwheat da zarar ƙasa ta warke zuwa zurfin 10 cm zuwa 10-12 ° C kuma barazanar raguwar ruwa ta wuce. Safafan shuka na farko yana taimakawa wajen sassaukar tsaba, yin amfani da albarkatun gona na ƙwayoyi na matasa da kuma girbi na farko. Wannan, bi da bi, zai inganta yanayin don tsaftacewa. A matsakaici, yana da muhimmanci a shuka amfanin gona a cikin mataki na biyu - na uku na watan Afrilu, a cikin yankin daji-steppe - a farkon rabin Mayu, a Polesie - na biyu - na uku na watan Mayu.
Shin kuna sani? Mutane da yawa suna sha'awar ko akwai bambanci dangane da buckwheat da buckwheat, ko waɗannan kalmomi sun kasance daidai. Sunan asalin shine buckwheat. Wannan kalma yana nufin shuka kanta da tsaba da aka samu daga gare ta. Buckwheat kalma ne mai banƙyama wanda ya fito a matsayin ɗan gajeren sauƙi don sauƙi da saukakawa. Buckwheat ana kiran shi dakin buckwheat.
Shuka buckwheat: makirci, nauyin haruffa da kuma zurfin iri
Da sauri da tsire-tsire suna ci gaba, yawancin yana taimakawa wajen zalunci weeds kuma yana ƙaruwa sosai. Ana shirya kasar gona don shuka buckwheat ya ƙunshi asali da magani na preplant. Ana gudanar da la'akari da albarkatun da suka wuce, abun da ke ƙasa, abun da ke cikin ƙasa mai laushi, ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙasa. Kyawawan sakamako a ci gaba da buckwheat a farkon lokacin ci gaban ya nuna tillage na kasar gona, kazalika da noma na yin motsi tare da gilashi mai laushi.
Kafin shuka buckwheat, Wajibi ne a zabi wani makircin shuka: talakawa, matsakaici-jere da fadi-jere. Ana amfani da hanyar jeri da yawa a lokacin da ake shuka shuki da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a kan manyan kasa. A wannan yanayin, kula da tsire-tsire na zamani yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Ana amfani da hanyoyi na al'ada a ƙasa tare da rashin haihuwa, a kan haske da kasa mai salin, lokacin shuka iri iri. Tun lokacin da aka shuka shuka don haɓaka, dole ne a shuka shi da wuri kuma a ko'ina.
Tsarin iri na buckwheat tsaba ya dogara da dalilai masu yawa: noma a yankin, yanayin hawan dutse. Tare da hanya mai fadi, mafi amfani da amfanin buckwheat shi ne mai kwakwalwa 2-2.5. / ha, tare da masu zaman kansu - raka'a miliyan 3.5-4. / ha Lokacin da albarkatu suka karu, tsire-tsire suna girma, suna da ƙananan tasirin ozernennosti, albarkatu ba su da alamar zama. Tsire-tsire-tsire kuma suna tasiri sosai akan yawan amfanin buckwheat. Sabili da haka, dole ne a lasafta yawan ƙwayar iri bisa ga dalilan: shuka makirci, ƙasa mai laushi, yanayin ƙasa, halaye na tsaba.
Lokacin da yawancin maniyyi ya zama kashi 30-50% mafi girma fiye da fadi-fadi. A lokacin bushe, dole ne a rage yawan kuɗin, kuma a cikin lokacin tsabta - ƙãra. A ƙasa mai laushi, dole ne a rage ragowar, kuma a kan kasa maras tabbas - don kara. A lokacin da shuka tsaba tare da raguwar germination, ana karu da kashi 25-30%.
Zurfin seeding yana da muhimmanci. Tsire-tsire suna da tushen rauni, saboda haka yana da wahala a gare su su karya cikin ƙasa kuma su fitar da cotyledons tare da 'ya'yan itace. Saboda haka, domin harbewheat harbe su zama masu kyau kuma a hankali sun yi girma, dole ne a shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai laushi zuwa zurfin. A cikin ƙasa mai zurfi zuwa zurfin 4-5 cm, a cikin ƙasa mai noma - 5-6 cm, tare da bushe saman Layer - 8-10 cm. A cewar masana kimiyya, Rashin ɗaukan hoto na buckwheat tsaba inganta ci gaban shuka kuma yana da sakamako mai kyau a kan yawan inflorescences da hatsi.
Shin kuna sani? Babu kayan abinci da za'a iya kwatanta da buckwheat a cikin adadin quercetin bioflavonoid (8%). Yana dakatar da yawan kwayar cutar ciwon daji kuma tana kaiwa ga mutuwarsu.
Kula da albarkatun buckwheat
Don ci gaba da kyau seedlings yana da muhimmanci a kula da danshi a cikin ƙasa. Babban mahimmanci a cikin wannan shi ne juyawa amfanin gona. An yi amfani da kula da sako a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta. Kafin fitowar harbe ya zama wajibi ne don aiwatar da mummunan amfanin gona. Don inganta ci gaba da ci gaba da tsire-tsire dole ne a tabbatar da dacewa da layuka. Inganta tsarin ruwa da iska na kasar gona, suna gudanar da magani na biyu tsakanin layuka a cikin lokacin budding. An haɗa shi da abinci mai gina jiki.
Kula da albarkatun gona sun haɗa da cututtukan nama da buckwheat. Hanyoyi masu amfani da kwayoyin sun hada da kiwo na kwari, fungi, kwayoyin da ba za su iya rinjayar harbe ba kuma suna shafar abubuwan da ke hana su. Har ila yau, wajibi ne don ƙara yawan kwarewar buckwheat ta hanyar samar da yanayi mai kyau don ci gabanta. Ya kamata a yi amfani da hanyoyin kula da kayan shayi kawai idan ba'a iya samun amfanin gona ta hanyar wasu hanyoyi ba. Ana amfani da maganin herbicides a matsayin sunadarai. Ya kamata a fahimci cewa akwai matsala na tattalin arziki. Matakan weeds ya kamata su zama irin wannan amfani da herbicides zai zama mai tasiri.
Babban muhimmanci a tsarin kula da amfanin gona na buckwheat shi ne samar da mazauna kudan zuma zuwa filin lokacin da fuckwheat furanni. Honey buckwheat ne 80-95% pollinated da ƙudan zuma, sabili da haka ya zama dole a rana ɗaya ko biyu kafin flowering kusa da filayen don sanya hives a rabon mazaunan kudan zuma 2-3 na 1 ha.
Girbi
Lokacin da launin ruwan kasa 75-80% fara tsabtace buckwheat. An yi shi don kwanaki 4-5. Tsawon tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire ya zama 15-20 cm. Babban hanyar girke buckwheat yana raba. A wannan yanayin, dakin mowed ya bushe a cikin kwanaki 3-5, yana da sauƙi. Hanyoyin amfani da wannan hanyar sune raguwa mai yawa a cikin hasara na yawan amfanin ƙasa, girbe albarkatun kore, inganta ingancin hatsi, da kuma rashin karin bushewa na hatsi da bambaro. Wannan hanya ta inganta fasaha da iri iri na hatsi kuma inganta lafiyarta.
Idan amfanin gona ya zama mai zurfi, ƙananan rami, ƙuntatawa, hanya mai girbi mai tasiri ta haɗa kai tsaye. A wannan yanayin, hatsi yana da matsanancin zafi, da raunana daga weeds.
Shin kuna sani? Buckwheat yana da warkaswa akan jikin mutum: yana ƙara haemoglobin, yana ƙarfafa ganuwar jini, don haka yana hana cutar jini. Don dalilai na asibiti, an bada shawara a ci hatsi. Abubuwan da suka shafi jiki suna fitowa ne saboda yin amfani da tsawon lokaci kuma mai amfani. Dole a buƙatar buckwheat a cikin adadin teaspoon 1 don 1 minti daya, yin magunguna 50-60.
Tsarin aiki da ajiyar buckwheat
Lokacin da aka haɗu da girbi ana girke girbi tare da taimakon hatsi tsaftacewa inji kuma aka bushe nan da nan bayan girbi. Tsayawa a tsaftacewa zai sa hatsi yayi zafi. Ana yin tsaftace hatsi a matakai uku: na farko, na farko, sakandare. Ana gudanar da shi a kan inji na iri daban-daban.
Ana ba da mahimmancin ƙwayar hatsi ta hanyar bushewa zuwa abun ciki mai laushi na 15%. Ana girbi hatsi don amfanin gona a cikin ɗakin bushe a cikin kayan masana'antu. Kowace tsari an rabe shi a kan wani katako na katako. Tsayi na tari bai kamata ya wuce 8 jaka ba tsawo kuma 2.5 m a nisa. Lokacin da aka adana shi a ƙananan, tsawon tsawo ya kamata har zuwa 2.5 m.
Buckwheat tsaba, wanda ake nufi don amfani da mutane, ana kawo su don sarrafawa zuwa tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Suna gudanar da tsaftacewa na hatsi, da kayan aiki na hydrothermal, rabuwa zuwa raunuka, daɗawa, rabuwa da samfurori na ƙarshe. Ba tare da amfani da aikin hydrothermal na hatsi ba saren fata. Bayan nazarin yadda za a shuka da girma buckwheat, zamu iya cewa yana da nasaba da al'adun da ba su yarda da cin zarafin fasaha ba. Duk matakai na noma buckwheat daidai ne. Saboda haka, don samun high yawan amfanin ƙasa Dogaro da yin aiki na dukkanin masana'antu na agrotechnique ya zama dole.
