Ire-iren ire-iren bishiyoyi suna kewaye mutane ko'ina. Koyaya, ba kowa ba ne yasan menene bishiyoyi masu lalacewa ba, jinsinsu, sunaye. Wannan labarin zai tattauna su, da kuma hanyoyin sauka.
Tsarin rayuwa na Tree
Sunaye da kwatancin tsire-tsire masu rarrafe:
Common Oak wani nau'in halitta ne na Oak daga dangin Beech, wanda ya kai girman 30-40 m kuma ya mamaye babban yanki. Itace kanta babba ce, mai fadi-da-ido, tare da rassa da yawa da kuma kaikataccen toka (kimanin kilo mita 3). Kambi ne mai-kamar, asymmetrical, duhu kore tare da launin ruwan kasa tint. Haushi yana kusa da baki, lokacin farin ciki. Ganyayyaki suna da yawa, zuciya-mai siffa, babba, mara nauyi.
M shuke-shuke
Rashin fashewa ya bayyana lokacin da bishiya ta kai shekara 20-30. Tsarin gandun daji na Perennial yana rayuwa kimanin shekaru 300-400, wani wuri a cikin shekaru 100 ya daina ƙara girmansa.
Don bayani! A Lithuania, an rubuta mafi tsofin itacen fari, wanda, bisa ga ƙididdigar daban-daban, daga shekaru 700 zuwa 2000 ne.
Rarraba a Yammacin Turai, a yammacin Rasha, kazalika a arewacin Afirka da yammacin Asiya.
White acacia (ƙarya-robinia) wani nau'in halittar halittar Robinia ne daga dangin legume. Yawancin lokaci itaciyar tana kai 20-25 m, amma akwai kuma 30-35 m kowane ɗaya Acacia yana da fadi tare da kambi na budewa da katako mai kauri tare da diamita na 1 m, wani lokacin ma. Leaflet ƙanƙane, kore mai haske, mai zagaye, pinnate game da 10-25 cm. Haushi yana da launin ruwan kasa mai launi, ba duhu sosai da fasaɗɗun zurfin hoto mai zurfi.
Mahimmanci! Farin Acacia baya cikin halittar Acacia. Ba za a iya kiranta da ita ba saboda abubuwan sihiri.
Yana zaune har zuwa shekara 100. Koyaya, bayan shekara ta 40 ya fara bunkasa a hankali kuma an riga an ɗauke shi tsoho. A Faransa, a cikin Paris, yana girma mafi tsufa robinia, wanda ya rigaya ya wuce shekaru 400. Har yanzu yana fure, kodayake abubuwa biyu ne masu kyau, ingantattu, dogayen goyan baya. Gida na - Gabashin Arewacin Amurka. Yanzu girma a matsayin ornamental shuka a kan dukkan nahiyoyi, a yankuna yankuna.
Maple-dimbin yawa Fan (dimbin yawa-fan) wani nau'in halittar halittar Maple ne daga dangin Salindov. Tsawon daga 6 zuwa 10 m ne, shi ma 16 m, saboda haka ba ya ɗaukar sarari da yawa. Tana da wasu bangarori masu karfi. Haushi yana launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi tare da tint koren fure da ƙananan fasa. Takaddun ganye da ke da 5, 7 ko 9 lobes 4-12 cm a girma .. launuka masu launi daga kore-ruwan hoda zuwa burgundy. Tantin Crohn. Yana iya zama daban-daban dangane da shekaru.
Shekaru na iya zuwa shekaru 100. Mafi kyawun kwafin yana cikin Amurka (New York), wanda kusan shekara 114 ne. Homeasar Gida ita ce Japan, Korea da China, amma tana ɗaukar tushe a wasu yankuna.
Dune-dimbin yawa Maple
Farin birch wani suna ne wanda ya shafi nau'ikan biyu daga dabi'ar Halittu, dangin Birch: Birch (birgima) da tsatsauran birki, suna kaiwa daga 25 zuwa 30 m a tsayi kuma har zuwa 1 m a cikin akwati uku. Dukkan nau'ikan sune bishiyar gargajiya ta tsakiyar Band, wacce ganyenta ke da kusan 7 cm tsawo, ƙaramin, kore mai haske mai launi, mai wucewa. Haushi yana da launin ruwan kasa, har sai da ya kai shekaru 10 yana fara fararen fata.
Mahimmanci! Haushi mai laushi yana da laushi, fari, ba tare da fasa ba, yayin da haushi ke ɗauka shine akasin haka.
Ya girma a cikin Turai, Rasha, alal misali, da yawa da aka dasa a karkara. Mafi yawancin lokuta, nau'ikan biyu suna haɓaka tare, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake kiran suna ɗaya mai kama ɗaya. Shekarun rayuwa kusan shekaru 120 ne, kodayake wasu lokuta yakan fi faruwa.
Acutifolia Maple (jirgin sama mai fasalin jirgin sama, mai dauke da jirgin sama) wani nau'in halittar halittar Maple ne daga dangin Salindov. Isar daga 12 zuwa 28 m ba ga tsawo. Takaddun ganye suna da layin da ke da siffa 5 ko 7 har zuwa 18 cm a girma. Maple wakili ne na bishiyoyi masu rarrafe, saboda haka launi ya bambanta daga koren haske zuwa ruwan lemo dangane da kakar. Haushi mai launin ruwan kasa mai laushi mai laushi kuma yana iya duhu cikin lokaci.
A cikin kyakkyawan yanayi, zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 200, kodayake a cikin shekaru 50-60 ba ya ƙaruwa. Theaya daga cikin tsofaffin fasalin fasalin jirgin sama suna girma a cikin Ukraine, Kiev. Mahalli shine Turai, yankin yammacin Asiya.
Pavia na ƙwanƙwasa Pavia wani nau'in halittar dabi'a ne na Harshen Chestnuts na dangin Salindov. Smallaramin itace har zuwa m 12. tan itacen yana ƙarami, siriri, an lulluɓe shi da haske, haushi mai launin toka. Crohn faffad, lush tare da rassa mai ja. Bar har zuwa 14 cm tsayi tare da tazarar gefen kuma bayyane ta jijiyoyin launi mai haske. Sun ƙunshi nau'i biyar na elliptic lobes.
A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, rayuwa daga shekara 200 zuwa 300, kodayake mafi yawan lokuta ana iyakance shi zuwa shekaru 150. A Kudancin Turai, Indiya, Asiya, mutane suna son dasa shi a cikin ƙasa ko kusa da gidan a matsayin tsire-tsire na ornamental, a cikin yanayin yanayi za'a iya samun su a Arewacin Amurka.
Doki Chestnut Pavia
Euonymus mai fuka-fuki wani nau'in halittar euonymus ne daga dangin euonymus. Shrubaramin ɗan itacen har zuwa 3 m tsayi tare da kambi mai yawa. Gangar jikin itace siriri tare da rassa da yawa. Haushi yana da launin ruwan kasa, a gefuna akwai fuka-fukan da baƙon abu. Ganyayyaki suna obovate har zuwa 5 cm kore, amma a cikin kaka suna iya zama ja-ja.
Yana zaune har zuwa shekaru 50-60. A wannan lokacin, ana ƙarfafa tushen da gangar jikin, girma yana tsayawa bayan shekaru 25-30. An rarraba shi a Japan, Manchuria da China ta Tsakiya.
Kula! Zai iya zama na cikin gida.
Kudan Turai beech wani nau'in halitta ne na Beech daga dangin Beech. Itace ya kai mita 50 a tsayi, yana da farin siriri, akwati mai siffar kamfani har zuwa 2 a diamita. Crohn yana da fadi, zagaye. Haushi ba ya da duhu sosai, mai launin toka, mai laushi, amma ana iya samun ƙananan sikeli. Ganyen yana da mara lafiyan, yana nuna duka zuwa gindi da kuma kuɗin zuwa 10 cm tsayi. Launin launuka daga duhu mai duhu a bazara zuwa launin ruwan kasa a kaka.
A cewar kafofin daban-daban, shekarun beech na iya zuwa shekaru 500, kuma har zuwa shekaru 300. Koyaya, akwai wani misali wanda kusan shekaru 930 ke nan. Mafi yawanci ana shuka shi ne a cikin Turai, amma kuma an gabatar dashi a Arewacin Amurka.
Kudan Turai
Itace Apple - wani nau'in dangin Pink, Subfamily Plum. Jerin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan 62. Mafi mashahuri: gida, Sinawa da ƙananan. Treesananan bishiyoyi masu ƙananan tsalle daga 2.5 zuwa 15. M haushi yana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da ƙananan fasa, nau'in daji na iya samun ƙaya. Bar mashaya a ƙasa tare da faɗuwa ko ragowar ƙa'idodi. Furannin ana tattara su cikin infan murƙushe-corymbose inflorescences. 'Ya'yan itacen shine apple da aka kafa daga ƙananan kwai.
Kula! Tuffa itace mai dorewa, amma ga al'adun gargajiya. Shekaru sun kai shekara dari. Koyaya, nau'in daji na iya girma har zuwa shekaru 300.
Itacen apple suna yaduwa a kasashen Turai, Iran, Crimea, China, Mongolia, da Russia.
Linden memba ne na dangin Malvaceae, wanda ke da kusan nau'ikan 45. Mafi mashahuri: ƙananan-leaved, manyan-leaved, ji, Amurka, da dai sauransu Tsawon ya bambanta daga 20 zuwa 38 m. Ganyayyaki suna da kamannin zuciya tare da mafi ƙarancin shedar serrated; akwai ƙa'idodi. Haushi ya yi launin toka, akwai 'yan fasa. Mafi yawan takarda ne.
Linden bishiyar perennial ce wacce take rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 500. Wasu nau'ikan sun girma tsawon lokaci: har zuwa 800, da shekaru 1000 (linden cordate). Mafi yawanci ana samun su a bangarorin Turai, Asiya da Arewacin Amurka.
Common Ash - wani nau'in halittar Ash daga dangin Olive, wanda ya kai 20-30 a tsayi, tsinkayen akwati ne 1 m. Haushi shine haske launin ruwan kasa, mai launin shuɗi tare da ƙananan fasa. Ganyayyaki pinnate ne, wanda zai iya ƙunsar ganye daga 7 zuwa 15. Ganyayyaki suna ovate, elongated, sessile.
Dogon itacen da ya rayu shekaru 400 kenan. Gida na gida - Turai, Transcaucasia da Iran.
Na kowa Ash
Poplar mai rawar jiki (aspen) - wani nau'in halittar halittar poplar daga dangin Willow. Yana kaiwa 35 m a tsayi kuma 1 m in diamita. Haushi yana da haske, launin toka, fashewa da duhu akan lokaci. Ganye suna da rhombic har zuwa 7 cm, tsibiri a saman. Kambi ne mai faɗi, yaduwa.
Yawancin bishiyoyi suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 80, kodayake suna faruwa har zuwa shekaru 150. Rarraba cikin Turai, Asiya, Gabashin Afirka, Arewacin Amurka.
The hornbeam shine asalin halittar dangin Birch, wanda ke da nau'ikan 41. Haushi yana da launin toka, yana fasa kaɗan. Leaflets m har zuwa 10 cm tare da layi daya-pinnate venation, duhu kore tare da kaifi tip. Jirgin yana da siriri, kyakkyawa.
Shekaru sunkai shekaru 100 zuwa 150, kodayake yana faruwa har zuwa shekaru 400. Kwayar halittar tana da wakilci a Asiya, musamman China, da ma Turai.
Ash asalinsa asalin dangin Olive ne. Yana kaiwa 25-35 m, wasu har zuwa 60 m ba ga tsawo. Girman dutsen ɗin yana zuwa 1 m. An ɗora kambi sosai, an kewaye shi sosai. Haushi yana launin toka mai duhu, mai laushi, a ƙasa tare da ƙananan fasa. Bar waje da 40 cm, ya ƙunshi ganye 7-15. Latterarshen su duhu ne mai launin shuɗi mai kamannin da aka yanke, ba daga sama ba.
Ash zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 400. An samo shi a Turai, Rasha, Asiya.
Itace masu kaunar ruwa domin magudanar wurin
Wasu sassa na kasar gona na iya zama dayan ruwa da danshi, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa wasu tsirrai ba sa bunkasa daidai. Hanya ta gaba ita ce dasa bishiyoyi masu tsananin ɗumi da shuki.
Alder asalin halittar dangin Birch ne, wanda iri-iri ne kusan iri 40. Bar mai siffar maraƙi tare da ƙarshen haske da jijiyoyin da aka ambata. Haushi yana launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da ƙananan fasa. Crohn babban sa, mai fadi. Tsarin rayuwa yana canzawa daga yanayi. Tun da alder yana son danshi, ana iya ganinsa sau da yawa a kusa da fadama. A can ana wakilta shi da bishiyoyi har zuwa 30. A cikin wurare masu bushewa yana kama da ƙaramin itace, wani lokacin ɗan itace.
Don bayani! Itace ya shahara don amfani da ginin firam, kayan daki, azuzuwan rufi, makarantu, makarantu.
Larch alama ce ta gidan Pine. Tare da yanayin zafi mai kyau, zai iya girma zuwa 50 m kuma ya rayu har zuwa shekaru 300-400 (akwai samfurori waɗanda suka rayu har zuwa shekaru 800). Abubuwan allura suna da taushi, kambi ya kasance sako-sako. Trunks suna santsi, haushi ya zama ruwan kasa tare da ƙananan fasa. Yana girma a cikin taiga, yankuna masu zafi na Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka. Sau da yawa ana samun sa a cikin dazuzzuka coniferous.
Tatar Maple wani nau'in halitta ne na Maple, dangin Salindov. Asali daga Turai da kudu maso yamma Asiya, yana girma tare da koguna da koguna. Dangane da adadin ruwa, zai iya kasancewa har zuwa 12 m tsawo tare da bakin ciki, mai laushi, haushi mai duhu kuma mai sauƙi, akasin haka, m ganye har zuwa 11 cm tsayi.
Mahimmanci! Sakamakon gurbataccen jikin ruwa, adadin samfuran ya ragu.
Gidan plum
Hakanan ruwa mai narkewa sune ash, Birch da itacen itace plum.
Don rayuwa, dole ne mutum ya dasa itace, ya gina gida ya girma yaro. Labarin ya ba da bayanai masu amfani don ma'amala da abu na farko ta hanyar zaɓi itacen da zai ɗauki tushe sosai tare da shafin mai shi.
