Chestnut - itace da furanni, bayanin yadda ake shuka da girma

Chestnut - bishiya ce wacce ta fi kyau a duk duniya. Yana da ikon yin ado da kowane yanki. Feature shine asalinsa. Furanni Chestnut zasu yi ado da kowane gida. Labari mai zuwa ya bayyana yadda ake dasa ƙwayar kirji.

Menene kirjin lambun yayi kama?

Idanun abin mamaki ne kwarai da gaske. A bayanin kwatancen itacen kirjin, an ce shi ƙamshi ne mai ƙyalli na kayan ado daga dangin Beech. Akwai nau'ikan halittu da yawa, alal misali, jan kirji. Yana da ikon haifuwa tare da taimakon kwayoyi. Tsayin tsayi na iya wuce mita 50. Gefen a cikin diamita na iya zama har zuwa 2. Tsawan faranti na ganye yakai kusan 20 cm kuma furanni sun haɗu zuwa cm 15. Fentin itace yana cikin shuɗi mai duhu. Ganyen suna kansu. Kamar bishiyoyi da yawa, a lokacin rani suna kore, kuma a kaka sukan yi launin rawaya.

Lokacin da Chestnut Blossoms

Abinda yake bugun kirji shine furanni. An tattara su cikin inflorescences na kunnuwa. Waɗannan furanni ne masu ɗorewa. Pistillaria ana zaune ne kawai a gindin inflorescence. Kirjin ya fara yin 'ya'ya 15 kawai bayan an dasa shi, amma an yi shi a cikin shekaru 10. A cikin shekaru 5 na farko, bishiyar tayi girma a hankali, amma bayan wannan lokacin tsari yana kara girma. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari cikakke a cikin kowane shekaru 2-3. Wannan Satumba da Oktoba ne.

Inda yake girma

Kodayake yana da tsayayya da sanyi ga sanyi, amma yana ƙaunar duk zafi ɗaya. Ya fi son yanayin yanayi na Gabas ta Tsakiya, kazalika da ƙasa mai laushi (da ɗan acidic). Amma baya jure zafin zafi.

Chestnut ya girma a wurare daban-daban: Ba'amurke a bakin tekun Atlantika na Amurka, Balkans, Tekun Bahar Rum, Gabashin Asia, Rasha (a cikin Crimea da Transcaucasia). A Turai, tayin na iya girma zuwa girman duka mandarin. Amma a cikin Azerbaijan ko Armenia, yawanci suna kai ƙarami kaɗan, basa wuce gyada. Kuma yaya saurin kirjin ya girma za a faɗi a ƙasa.

Tushen Tushen

Tushen tushen yana da nasa halaye. Na farko shi ne cewa girman kambi bai cika nuna godiya ga hoto ba. Ya zama ba a san inda tushen kansu suke ƙare ba. Kuma wannan yana da matukar mahimmanci idan itacen ya zauna kusa da ƙofar zuwa wasu tsirrai. Tsinkayen kambi na iya zama ƙasa da girman tushen tsarin kansa. A takaice, kusa da shi sauran tsirrai ba za su yi dadi ba. Mai ƙarfi da tsayi Tushen shimfiɗa tare da babban kewaye na duniya. Suna fitar da dukkan ruwan da sauran abubuwan amfani.

Tsarin kansa ya ƙunshi sassa da yawa:

• tushen tushe
• a kwance
• tsari na farko
• tsari na biyu
• a tsaye tare da rassa;
• itace.

Itace maɗaukakin bishiya kaɗai ke da irin wannan tushen tushe. Youngan ƙaramin tsirrai yana da tushen saƙasasshe. Tushen sa mai girma ya kai kawai cm 40 a faɗin, kuma tsawon sa ya ninka sau 2-3 sama da ƙasa.

Tushen Tushen

Yadda ake girma kirji a gida

Wataƙila kowa ya san yadda kirjin ya yi fure. Yana da kyau kyakkyawa kuma baƙon abu. Don lura da wannan a cikin yadi, zaka iya shuka itace da gidaje a sauƙaƙe.

'Ya'yan Chestnut

Da farko kuna buƙatar warware wasu tambayoyi:

• inda zan sami nau'in ƙwayar da ake bukata;
• yadda za a shirya tsaba yadda yakamata;
• abin da bukatar a yi kafin germination.

Don haka, ta yaya za ku sami abun da ke daidai, wato kwayoyi? Domin bishiyar kirjin ta yi girma, dole ne a zabi 'ya'yan itacen da suke da lafiya kuma a shirye su yi fure. Akwai ka'idoji da yawa don zaɓin kwayoyi:

• a tattara kawai wadancan kwayoyi wadanda suka riga sun fadi daga bishiyar, tunda wadanda suke kara girma zasu iya zama matattara, saboda haka basu da amfani;
• saman kwaya ya kamata yayi dace da postulates guda biyu: santsi tare da kyakkyawan tsari da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Idan ba tare da wannan ba, zai iya zama mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka iri iri;
• kuna buƙatar tattara kwayoyi fiye da yadda kuka zata shuka, tunda ƙwayarsu bata da kyau.

Yadda za a shirya tsaba da kyau don daidaitawa

Bayan tattara kwayoyi, dole ne su kasance a shirye don dasa nan gaba. Don cimma kyakkyawan sakamako mafi kyau, magudana da yawa akan tsaba zasu taimaka:

• Mataki na farko shine kiyaye kwayoyi a cikin ƙasa mai laima. Wannan zai taimaka musu wajen tsarkake kansu daga cututtukan fungi, kwayoyin cuta da sauran cututtuka. Wata daya kafin wannan, ya kamata a sarrafa ƙurar a cikin tanda.
• Dole ne a kiyaye ƙasa a cikin wani irin ɗakin sanyi, wannan zai ƙarfafa haɓakar tsaba. Babban abu shine kada a kiyaye kwayoyi a cikin sanyi sosai. Wannan ba kawai zai hana tsaba daga girma ba, kawai a lalata dukkan hanyoyin da ke faruwa a cikin ƙasa.
• Na gaba shine shiri na cakuda na musamman. Kuna buƙatar haɗa ƙasa da gandun daji da humus a cikin rabo na 1: 1. Jiƙa da kwayoyi a cikin wannan cakuda na akalla watanni 4.
• Harsashi mai taushi. Ba tare da wannan ba, zai zama da wahala ga ƙwaya ta yi tsiro. Don yin wannan, sanya tsaba a gaba a cikin ruwan dumi kuma canza shi kullun. Lokacin da saman harsashi na harsashi ya zama isasshen malleable da taushi, to ana iya ɗaukar ƙudurin ƙaddara a shirye don dasawa.

Abin da kuke buƙatar yin kafin dasa shuki a kirim daga gyada

Matsakaicin wurin shuka itaciyar shima yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Kuna buƙatar gano yadda ake shuka kirji, saboda yanayin mummunan yana haifar da matsalolin da ba dole ba don amfanin gona. Akwai sharuɗɗan da yawa kan yadda za a shuka ƙwayar kirji:

• ajiye tsaba a cikin dakin sanyi na makonni da yawa;
• dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai daɗi don guje wa cututtuka daban-daban;
• kuna buƙatar dasa aƙalla kwayoyi 5-6, waɗanda suke cikin ramukayen da aka haƙa na ƙasa, tunda ba duk za a karɓa ba. Zurfin tsiro irin goro shine kusan 5 cm, kuma nisa tsakanin su shine 15-20 cm;
• ramuka suna yayyafa da ƙasa guda, amma tare da ƙari da ɗan adadin yashi.

Zaɓin hunturu

Kula da matasa seedlings

Chestnut yana da wahalar girma, har ma wani ɗan lambu mai gogaggen ba koyaushe zai iya jure wannan ba. Babban abun anan shine bin ka'idodi:

• nan da nan bayan dasa shuki, yana da kyau a lulluɓe shi da waya ko wani irin tef a kewayen duk tukunyar tukunyar, saboda a farkon matakan ne yake da rauni. Slightarancin motsi mai sauƙi na iya zama na ƙarshe;
• wani lokacin ya zama tilas don ɗaure ƙwanƙwaran ƙwayar kirji;
• yalwatacce watering wajibi ne a kowace harka. Chestnut yana yin ƙasa mai laushi;
• babban abinda ke damun shi shine kada ya wuce shi. Yawan danshi zai cutar da shuka;
• lokacin pruning. Chestnut shuka ne mai natsuwa, saboda haka zai yi girma na dogon lokaci. Dole ne kawai a wasu lokuta don yanke rassan da suka lalace ko bushe.

A wace ƙasa yake girma

Chestnut, kamar yadda ya zama sananne, yana ƙaunar ƙasa mai daɗin ji. A can kuna buƙatar girma shi. Amma danshi ba shine sharadi ba.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Chestnut yana da tsayayya sosai ga sanyi. Tsarin tushen sa mai zurfi yana ba ku damar jure zafin jiki a kusan kowace yanayin yanayi mai wahala. Sabili da haka, ƙarancin zafi ba ya haƙuri da kyau ta al'ada. Wannan bishiyar tana iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi har zuwa 25 ⁰C, ba ƙari.

Don zamani girma, matashin kirjin ya dace da ɗakin dumi, ba zafi sosai. Kuma dole ne ya cika wasu ka'idodi:

• ƙarancin zafin jiki ba zai yi fure ba. Sake buguwa kuma bazai yuwu ba;
• kodayake yana iya yin tsayayya da ƙarancin zafi, koda iska mai sanyi zata iya cutar da ita sosai;
• kirjin, kamar sauran tsire-tsire, baya yarda da gurbatawar gas. Tsarin iska mai tsabta ne kawai a gare shi.

Yanayin Watering

Chestnut yana son danshi da ruwa, kuma shayarwar sa ya zama na yau da kullun. Don yin wannan, ruwa mai dacewa a zazzabi a dakin ya dace. Zai ba da tushen tsarin ƙarin abubuwa don ci gaba. Ya kamata a aiwatar da ruwa a kowace rana a maraice bayan faduwar rana.

Yadda ake juya kirji a cikin ƙasa ta buɗe

Canza kowane tsiro ko bishiya (musamman ƙwalƙwalwa) tsari ne mai rikitarwa da ɗaukar lokaci mai mahimmanci wanda ke buƙatar wasu ilimin don rage lalacewar da za a iya haifar da ƙyamar kirjin. Me yasa haka Kirjin yana da gangar jikinsa mai karfi tare da tushen ƙarfi, wanda shima yana sanya wahalar motsawa. Abu ne mafi sauƙin yin wannan tare da kananan bishiyoyi, saboda ƙirar da ba ta dace ba zata jure canjin wuri sosai.

Dokoki don sake dasa shuki da shayarwa

Wannan zai fi kyau a lokacin bazara ko lokacin bazara, idan aka basu wasu abubuwa:

• bambancin zafin jiki;
• kwatsam daskarewa na ƙasa.
• dumamar yanayi ba tare da tsalle-tsalle ba na 20-25 ° °.

Duk wannan yana ba da damar bishiyar sauƙi don canja wurin gaba ɗaya aikin. Mataki-mataki-mataki umarnin na tsari kanta:

1. Tona karamin rami.
2. Cire kirjin tare da asalin sa.
3. Kallon tushen lalacewa ko cuta.
4. Ash magani.
5. Dasa kirji a cikin sabon wuri.

Juyawar Chestnut aiki ne mai matukar daukar hankali, tare da sakamako. Idan mai lambu bai aminta da iyawarsa ba, to ya dace ya danƙa wa wani kwararre. Kuma baicin, dasawa zai shafi kirjin. Zai bukaci lokaci don murmurewa. Kuma wannan shine mafi girman tsari. Zai dace da la'akari da ka'idodin da ke sama, in ba haka ba fure zai jira har zuwa shekaru 10.

Yadda ake kulawa

Girma kirjin tsari ne mai wahala. Zai dace a bi wasu ƙa'idodi, a bi su sosai. Babban abu shine yin la'akari da cewa itaciyar zata girma na dogon lokaci, kuma farkon fure za'a iya ganin bayan shekaru 10 a mafi kyawun. Amma idan wannan ba matsala ba ne ga mai kula da lambun, to tabbas yana buƙatar sake karanta labarin, tun da ƙananan kuskuren barin barin na iya lalata duk ƙoƙarin na dogon lokaci don haɓaka kyakkyawan mutum mai fure.