Monstera ana kiranta tsire-tsire mai ƙyalƙyali mai ƙyalli. A cikin yanayin yanayi, yana zaune a Kudancin da Tsakiyar Amurka, a cikin yankuna mara laima na Brazil da Asiya. Wannan babban fure daga dangin Aroid yana da girma kuma mai tushe mai tushe, babban ganye da aka sassaka zai iya kai girman har zuwa cm 60. A cikin daji, ana shuka tsiron da asalin sa zuwa tushen tallafi da bishiyoyi daban-daban. A gida, girma a cikin tukunyar furanni na cikin gida kuma asalinsa ba ya yin fure. Wannan labarin ya bayyana yadda monstera ke haifuwa, da fa'ida da kuma rashin amfanin wata hanyar, kuma dalilin da yasa shuka zai mutu a gida.
Monstera: kiwo a gida
Wannan fure yana da dumbin lambobi masu amfani:
- koyaushe yana fitar da oxygen a cikin rana;
- yana kula da yanayin zafi a cikin gidan saboda zubar da babban zanen gado na ruwa daga farfajiya;
- rage lahanin da igiyar lantarki daga kayan gidan;
Furanni a yanayi
- yana ɗaukar sinadarai daga iska wanda aka kwato daga kayan (varnish, dyes);
- ionizes iska a cikin dakin;
- Yana da kyakkyawan filin makamashi wanda yake da kyakkyawan tasiri a jikin jikin mutum: yana kwanciyar hankali, yana samun kariya daga kwanciyar hankali;
- Yana da amfani mai amfani ga jiki baki ɗaya: yana ƙarfafa tsarin na rigakafi, yana ƙara yawan aikin kwakwalwa.
Sake bugun monstera a gida zai yiwu ne kawai lokacin da aka gama duk umarnin da suka wajaba saboda wannan. Don farawa, ana bada shawara don shirya ƙasa don shuka. A kasan tukunya, ya zama dole a saka wani yanki na bulo ko kuma bawo kuma bayan haka sai a zuba cakuda humus da peat, kazalika wani sashi na kogin 4 cm.
Kula! Ana iya dasa yankan kai tsaye a cikin yashi, amma da zaran an kafa tushen farko suna buƙatar a watsa shi cikin ƙasa. Yanayin iska sama don abun ciki mai kyau na shuka ko amfanin gona kada yayi sama da 25 ° C.
Monstera yana matukar son hasken rana, saboda wannan kuna buƙatar a hankali zaɓi wani wuri domin wurinta. Ya kamata ya zama mai haske sosai, amma ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Idan aka zaɓi wurin da bai dace ba, tsarin tushen zaiyi jinkirin sosai.
Ta yaya zaka iya yada kwayar cuta a gida? Don yin wannan, ƙirƙirar zafi mai zafi, wannan zai zama asirin nasara. Matasa na needan shekaru suna buƙatar fesa kullun da ruwa a ɗakin zazzabi: da sanyin safiya da kuma bayan faɗuwar rana. Yankin da ya dace na hadi shima zai sami fa'ida a kan tushen ciyawar a gida.
Yadda ake yada monstera tare da yan itace
Yaya za a yada fure na monstera ta hanyar eso apical? An yanke saman fure da aka dafa kuma aka sanya shi cikin ruwa domin harbin ya fara fara asalin sa. A saboda wannan, yankuna biyu masu lafiya kawai sun isa. Koyaya, idan makasudin shine bayyanar da sauri na ganyen fari na farko, to kuna buƙatar yin haƙuri yayin da aka kafa tushen mafi yawa.
Tushen Dodo
Yaduwa da tushe cuttings
Wani zaɓi mafi mashahuri don yaduwar shuka shine amfani da tsinkayen tushe a matsayin kayan shuka. Mai tushe yana buƙatar zaɓar saboda suna da manyan buds. Wannan bangare mai amfani yana amfani da ƙasa tare da koda tare da ƙasa. Babu buƙatar cika shi da ƙasa daga bisa.
Doka mai mahimmanci don kulawa zai kasance kawai watering da spraying daga cikin matsanancin ƙasa. Don kula da wani microclimate kusa da wurin saukowa, ana bada shawarar rufe shi da fim mai kariya. Wannan zai ba da izinin shuka ya ɗauki tushe da sauri kuma ya ɗauki tushen farko. Dole ne mu manta da yin iska daga lokaci zuwa lokaci ta ɗaga fim. Bayan tushen farko ya girma, ana buƙatar dasa shukar itacen zuwa mazaunin zama na dindindin. Bayyanar ganyen farko ba zai sa a jira lokaci mai tsawo ba, yawanci suna da siffar zuciya. Sannan a hankali suna jujjuya manyan ganye na sassaka.
Yadda ake yanka monstera
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don monstera kiwo.
Kula! Yankan sune mafi mashahuri kuma mafi sauki daga gare su. Dole ne a cire yankan daga tsakiya ko kuma ɓangaren babba na shuka, amma dole ne harbe ya kasance aƙalla ɗaya ɗaya toho.
Wasu sharudda game da yaduwar shuka:
- bi da ƙasa tare da magani wanda ke ƙarfafa samuwar da ci gaban tushen;
- Sanya kayan da aka sanya a cikin kwanon opaque tare da ruwa mai tsayawa na sulusin na kwana uku;
- ruwa ya kamata ya kasance da yawan zafin jiki a cikin daki, zaku iya ƙara sabon abu;
- idan sabon biyu ko uku suka bayyana, ana iya dasa su cikin tukunya.
Irin wannan cakuda substrate ya dace sosai don dasa shuki (dukkanin abubuwan da aka ɗauka an ɗauka daidai gwargwado):
- Turf;
- peat;
- kogin kogi;
- humus.
Yadda ake ɗaukar hoto daga monstera
Don yaduwar shuka da hannuwanku, zaku iya ɗaukar kowane ɓangare na fure:
- karar itace - hanya mai sauqi kuma mai amfani, mai matukar saurin haifar 'ya'yan itace;
- yanke apical - zaɓi mai sauƙi, yawanci koyaushe yana kaiwa ga nasara;
- ganye - ba a amfani da su sau da yawa, saboda koyaushe ba zai iya ɗaukar tushe;
- Tushen daskararre - madaidaici mai nauyi, amma mafi kyawun abin dogara ga abin haifuwa;
- tsaba tsayi ne mai wahala. Ana amfani dashi galibi don haifar da sabon nau'in shuka.
Rooting cikin ruwa
Mahimmanci! Dole ne a yanke hanyoyin a hankali, a cikin wata harka ba za ku iya ɗauka ku tsaga ganye ko fi ba, wannan ya shafi dukkan jinsin. Lokacin da aka ɗauki harbi, kayan aikin (almakashi) dole ne a lalata, in ba haka ba haɗarin shuka chlorosis yana da girma sosai (ganyayyaki ya zama rawaya kuma nan da nan zai faɗi).
Yaduwa ta m Tushen
Sake bugun fure ta hanyar harbe shi da tushen isassun an bayyane. Don gaya muku gaskiya, wannan hanyar, wanda aka yi shi dabam, yana buƙatar ɗan ƙoƙari. Amma idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin da aka bayyana a sama, a nan zamu iya cewa tare da tabbacin ɗari bisa ɗari cewa haifuwa zata yi nasara. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar samo harbi tare da tushen iska mafi girma da ƙirƙirar zafi mai zafi. Don cimma wannan, zaku iya rufe tushen tare da gansakuka, waɗanda dole ne a shayar da su ko kuma fesa kullun. Don haka dansandan ba ya bushewa, yana da kyau a narkar da shi a cikin akwati ta amfani da fim na al'ada. Wannan bai hana Tushen girma da sauri ba.
A saukake, zaka iya yaduwar shuka ta hanyar Tushen iska, ba tare da yanke su ba. A lokacin namo, harbi na iya girma har ganye da yawa. Lokacin da tushen ya zama mai ƙarfi, ya zama dole a yanke farce a kan tushe kuma a cire ciyawar, sannan a dasa shi a cikin mazaunin dindindin.
Ganyayyaki yaduwa
Zaɓin ƙwayar ƙwayar ganyayyaki ta Botanical ana ɗauka ba shi da amfani da tasiri. Ana amfani dashi galibi lokacin da ganyayyaki ba zato ba tsammani. A wannan yanayin, an sanya shi tare da kututture a cikin ruwa kuma ana tsammanin tushen zai saki. Don ganye ya samo tushe a ƙasa kuma monstera cike take da tsiro daga cikinta, zai zama dole ne a samu tushen da yawa. Don tushen ruwa, yana da kyau a zaɓi babban ganga.
Kamar sauran hanyoyin, haifuwa ta waje tana da nasa hasara:
- Tushen girma a hankali. Don samun cikakken tushen tsarin, kuna buƙatar jira a kalla wata ɗaya;
- ganye zai bushe kafin Tushen ya fara bayyana.
Kula! Tushen fure bai yi haƙuri da hasken rana ba, saboda haka jita-jita ya kamata ya zama opaque. Bayan Tushen yayi girma, ana dasa su cikin ƙasa. Abun haɗin nasa daidai yake da wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin sauran hanyoyin kiwo.
An samo tsaba monstera
Sake bugun monstera tare da taimakon tsaba wata hanya ce mai rikitarwa da wahala, galibi ƙwararrun masanan botanists ne ke amfani da shi don haifar da nau'ikan fure, saboda haka wannan zaɓi bai dace da amfanin gida ba.
Menene tsaba suke kama
Yadda ake dasa dodo
Wani nau'in yaduwa yana yin tushe a cikin ƙasa. Don fahimtar yadda za a kawar da dodo a cikin ƙasa, kuna buƙatar bin matakan mataki-mataki-ƙasa:
- Da farko kana buƙatar shirya abun da ke cikin ƙasa, tsarmar yashi ko peat substrate. Zuba shi a cikin wani akwati;
- yanayin zafin jiki mai dacewa don harbi ya ɗauki tushe, kimanin 26 ° C har ma sama. Danshi - ƙaru;
- don yin yanayi mai zafi don monstera don haɓaka mai sauƙi, tukunyar tana buƙatar rufe fim ɗin cling;
- bayan kimanin makonni uku da harbi zai fara tushen farko, za a sami yawancin su. Babban tsarin tushen fure, da kyau zai ɗauki tushe;
- dasa shuki a cikin tukunya da ƙasa.
Mahimmanci! Rashin dacewar wannan hanyar haifuwa shine cewa tare da ci gaban, kara yana kara girma da girma, amma ba a gindi ba. A can zai yi kama da lokacin dasa shuki. Sabili da haka, karamin monstera zai iya fashewa da sauƙi
A cikin wannan halin, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka biyu don warware matsalar. Ana iya amfani dasu duka daban kuma a hade:
- dauki farko lokacin farin ciki matakai;
- yi tallafi ga shuka.
Wata hanyar dasa reshe a cikin ƙasa shine a kwance. Wajibi ne a datse tsarin kara tare da aƙalla buds uku sannan a sanya shi a ƙasa. Abun da ya kamata ya zama haske, alal misali, sphagnum da yashi kogi. Rashin reshe baya buƙatar rufe ƙasa, yana da mahimmanci cewa koda ɗaya ya faɗi akan ƙasa. Baya ga wannan:
- buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullun da fesawa na appendix;
- rufe akwati tare da fim;
- bayan an kirkiro tushen tushen farko da petals, ana dasa ganyaye zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa.
Yadda zaka dasa dodon daidai
Sau da yawa yakan faru cewa bayan pinching fure mai yaduwa, dasauran apical, ana kiran su da fi. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dasu don haifuwa. Don tushen, ana sanya fiɗa a cikin ruwa ko aka dasa su a cikin abun da ke amfani da danshi. Tsarin tushen samuwar a cikinsu yakan ɗauki kimanin makonni 3.
Yadda ake dasa dodo
Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar yin la'akari da shekarun tsintsin gida, ana yin dasawa a lokuta daban-daban, a ƙuruciya, tsakiyar da girma. A cikin shekaru huɗu na farko na rayuwa, dole ne a dasa furen a kowace shekara a tsakiyar lokacin bazara, tare da ƙara yawan tukunyar filawar.
Tsarin canzawa
A cikin shekaru hudu masu zuwa, lokacin da girma da haɓakar furen ya zama mafi yawan aiki, za a ɗauki ɗayan safarar biyu zuwa huɗu a shekara. Lokacin da shuka ya girma kuma ya isa babban girma, ana iya fitar dashi dasawa. Madadin haka, zai dace a maye gurbin saman tare da sabon kayan ma'adinai.
Dole ne a tuna cewa wannan tsire-tsire sau da yawa yakan sha fama da cututtuka daban-daban daga rashi ko, kuma, ana musayar hasken rana, kuma saboda yawan ban ruwa. Mafi sau da yawa, furen gizo-gizo yana kaiwa hari ta hanyar gizo-gizo, kuna buƙatar ba da ma'adanai na shuka da takin mai magani a cikin lokaci don guje wa wannan.
Kula! Idan kun bi duk ka'idodi don kulawa, to, dodannin na iya girma da haɓaka har zuwa shekaru 10.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yada monstera, mafi sauki kuma mafi ingancin hanyar yaduwar itace shine yan itace. Amma lambu suna bayar da shawarar guje wa yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, tunda a mafi yawan lokuta ba shi yiwuwa a yi shi da kanka a gida. Don haɓaka tsattsauran ra'ayi, ya kamata ku nemi cikakkiyar shawarar ƙwararru. Haɓaka da haɓakar furen zai dogara ne akan ingancin kulawa.
