Bougainvillea

Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea) - tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire na fure kullun daga dangi Niktaginovye (Noctifolia). Shrubarancin bishiyoyi da inabin tare da dasa farashi a cikin yanayin halitta sun zama ruwan dare a yankuna na wurare masu zafi na Afirka ta Kudu, Mexico, kuma mahaifar bougainvillea shine Brazil. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, sun yi girma kamar yadda ake shuka gida. A gida, bougainvillea na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10 idan an shirya hunturu yadda yakamata. Bayan wannan, inji ya kwance ya daina girma.

Furen yana girma da matsakaicin matsakaici. Zai iya girma har zuwa 3 m, idan ba ku tsara ci gabansa kuma kada ku yanke shi cikin lokaci. Yana fure daga tsakiyar lokacin bazara zuwa farkon kaka tare da furancin ƙanƙara mai ɗamara kewaye da kyawawan katako na asali. An ambaci wannan tsiron don tunawa da mai binciken Louis Antoine de Bougainville, wanda ya jagoranci balaguron farko na Faransa a duniya kuma ya kawo kyakkyawan fure zuwa Turai.

M kaddarorin bougainvillea

Kwayoyin furen sun tona asirin mai lalacewa - abubuwa masu aiki da abubuwa masu tsafta waɗanda ke tsabtar da sararin sama daga abubuwan lalata. A cikin ɗakuna inda tsire-tsire ke tsiro, mutane suna da haɓaka iya aiki, rage damuwa, inganta bacci. Furen yana jawo kyawawan kuzari kuma ya yi kyauta tare da wasu da kariminci.

An yi imanin cewa bougainvillea yana taimakawa wajen jan hankalin sa'a da wadatar arziki ga dukkan alamun zodiac, kawai Sagittarius baya jin daɗin shuka. Blooming bougainvillea yana haifar da yanayi mai kyau a cikin gidan.

Siffofin kulawar gida. A takaice

Yanayin da bougainvillea ke tsiro a gida ya bambanta da wanda ake amfani dashi a yanayi. Amma kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi mai dadi don shuka a gida. Halin mafi kyau duka sune:

Shuka ba ta buƙatar ilimi na musamman daga fannin ilmin halitta daga maɓarnata, amma ya wajaba a yi la’akari da peculiarities na girma bougainvillea, to, zai iya faranta da ciyawar sa sau da yawa a shekara. A inji shi ne ra'ayin mazan jiya. Sun saba da wuri guda, yana da wahala a sami wani wuri. Sabili da haka, dole ne a gyara wani wuri don fure kuma kada ku sake shirya shi.

Sau da yawa a shekara, ana dasa shuka - don ta da fure (a lokacin bazara), cire harbe mai rauni da kuma wilted inflorescences (a cikin bazara), don samar da kyakkyawan kambi (kaka). Rage rassan, bar su har zuwa 10 cm daga cikin shoot na shekara aka ba. Cropping yana ba ku damar "wasa" tare da siffar shuka. Amfani da wannan hanyar, bougainvillea daga itace mai tushe guda-ɗaya ya canza zuwa itacen da ke daure da yawa da kuma sabanin haka.

Sau da yawa, itacen inabi mai tsayi yana girma akan tallafi, siffar wanda zai iya zama kowane. Mai hankali da kyan gani sun sha bamban da nau'in launi da aka girma a cikin akwati ɗaya.

Kula da bougainvillea a gida. Daki-daki

Gida na bougainvillea na gida an dauki shi ba wani tsiro ne mai ƙyalli sosai ba. Amma kula da furanni dole ne a kusantar da shi cikin kulawa, sakamakon zai kasance tsawon furanni.

Gudun ruwa

Tare da kyakkyawan kulawa a gida a ƙarshen Afrilu, fure fara. Wannan sabon abu na halitta bai san daidai yake da asali da haske ba. Sabili da haka, bougainvillea ya shahara sosai tsakanin masu son furanni na cikin gida. Flowersanann furanni na ɗan ƙaramin tsami, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin tseren tseren tsere, girma tare da ƙarfin ƙarfe. Tsarin su yana kama da takarda na crepe, daga abin da allurar mata ke yin furanni.

A cikin irin wannan lilac mai haske, rasberi, ruwan hoda, ko kuma kifin takarda a kifin, furanni suna kama da kyawawan bouquets waɗanda ƙwararren florist ya yi wa ado. A mafi yawan lokuta ana kiranta Bougainvillea a matsayin takarda, ana iya dakatar dashi da makamancin takalmin katako da takarda.

Plantungiyar tsirrai ta Terry wanda aka shirya katako a cikin layuka da yawa suna kama da kayan ado ta musamman. Bracts tare da girman su, alwatika, mai sauƙin kibiya ko mai kama da zuciya da haske sun mamaye filayen farashi mai ƙarancin haske tare da ƙarshen nuna.

Furanni da sauri suna bushewa, kuma katako suna riƙe da kyan gani na dogon lokaci. Don shuka ya sake yin fure, ya zama dole don yanke harbe-harbe lokacin da katunan suka fara bushewa a kansu. A cikin duka, bougainvillea a cikin fure na gida na kimanin watanni shida.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Don haɓaka cikakken bougainvillea, kulawar gida yana buƙatar kulawa da tsarin zafin jiki. Dankin yana thermophilic. A cikin hunturu, dole ne a kiyaye ɗakin a zazzabi na + 10 ° C. Idan tayi zafi, fure fure bazai haifar ba. A yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa + 6 ° C, shuka zai mutu. A lokacin rani, tsire-tsire yana da dadi a + 20 - 25 ° C.

Fesa

Bougainvillea fi son zafi mai zafi. Fesa wani muhimmin bangare ne na kula da tsiro mai zafi. Don kada ku lalata kwarjin katako, an fesa shi tsakanin fure. A lokacin furanni, ana amfani da humidifiers, ana sanya shuka a kan wata pallet tare da pebbles rigar ruwa, an sanya jirgin ruwa mai buɗewa tare da ruwa kusa da shi.

Haske

Kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayin halitta, fure na bougainvillea a cikin yanayi yana ƙaunar hasken haske. Ko da a kwanakin zafi, shuka ba ya buƙatar shading. A cikin matalauta lighting ba zai Bloom.

Bougainvillea ya kamata ya zama aƙalla na haske har zuwa awanni 6 a rana.

Watse

Bougainvillea yana son a shayar da shi sosai. Kyakkyawan kulawa yana hana stagnation na ruwa. Dole ne a kiyaye ƙasa. Ana bukatar ruwa a lokacin bazara sau 2 cikin kwanaki 10. A cikin kaka, lokacin da shuka yake shirin hutawa kuma ya fara zubar da ganyayyaki, rage adadin ruwa zuwa lokaci 1 a lokaci guda.

A cikin hunturu, shayar 1 lokaci a cikin kwanaki 14. Don ban ruwa amfani da tace ruwa a zazzabi a dakin. Domin kiyaye kasar gona da daɗewa, an mulched.

Kasar

Don dasa shuki, zaka iya sayan kayan da aka shirya don fure don fure. Kuna iya shirya cakuda ƙasa da kanku daga ƙasar turf, ƙasar ganye, perlite, humus (2: 2: 1: 1). Ilasa don bougainvillea yana buƙatar ɗan acidic. Don inganta abun da ke ciki na substrate, zaku iya ƙara vermiculite, ash, foda foda.

Itiveara abubuwa za su sa ƙasa ta zama sako-sako da iska-da ruwa mai iya daidaitawa. Itace tana son takin phosphate. An ƙara abincin da aka dafa a cikin ƙasa cakuda azaman phosphate mai aiki da hankali.

Taki da taki

Ciyarwa da takin yana taimakawa kula da adon shuka a babban matakin. Daga tsakiyar Maris zuwa tsakiyar Satumba, sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 14, ruwa tare da bayani na taki mai karfi don furannin gida, an narkar da su cikin rabi. Asalin miya kawai yake gudana.

A cikin hunturu, an daina ciyar da abinci.

Juyawa

Matasa bushes suna dasawa a kowace shekara a cikin bazara. Itaciyar da ta manyanta tana buƙatar dasawa lokacin da kayan abinci na ƙasa suka lalace ko kuma lokacin da bougainvillea ya wuce tukunya, sai Tushenta ya fara juyewa daga ramin magudanan ruwa. Wannan yawanci yakan faru ne a kowace shekara 2, 5. Dankin yana da wuyar jurewa da dasawa da nuna rashin jin dadinsa, faduwa da ganye, da kin yin fure. Bayan dasawa, samar da bougainvillea tare da kulawa ta musamman. A bu mai kyau zuwa danganta fure, wannan hanyar dasa itace tana haifar da karancin damuwa a cikin shuka.

An zaɓi tukunya mai zurfi don dasawa, diamita wanda ya fi girma fiye da na baya. Ba lallai ba ne don ɗaukar ƙarfin da yawa: taro mai kore zai girma a ciki, kuma fure bazai jira ba. Outauki daga tsohuwar tukunyar. A hankali duba da kuma gajartar da tushen. Canza bougainvillea na kwanaki da yawa ya kamata ya kasance a cikin wani dan kadan inuwa wuri ba tare da watering. Ciyar da shuka fara bayan 2, 5 makonni bayan dasawa.

Kiwo bougainvillea

Farfadowa daga bougainvillea mai yiwuwa ne ta hanyoyi guda uku: ta hanyar yankewa, farashi ta iska, da tsaba.

Farfagandar ta yanke

Yaduwa ta hanyar kore kore (bazara) ko Semi-lignified (kaka). Yankan yakamata ya zama aƙalla 9 cm kuma yana da aƙalla kodan 3. Na farko, an sanya su a cikin mafita na tushen haɓaka mai saurin tasowa, to, ana sa su a cikin substrate a + 23 ° C da zafi mai zafi (an rufe su da fim, suna samar da ƙananan dumama). An cire fim ɗin don shayar da ruwa da kuma thean seedlings. Lokacin da ƙwannen ya ɗauki tushe, ana dasa su a cikin karamin tukunya.

Yaduwa ta hanyar sanya filayen iska

Ku ciyar a kowane lokaci na shekara. Kusa da furen fure wanda bougainvillea ke tsiro, sanya kwantena cike da abin maye. Youngan ƙaramin bakin ciki an ɗora saman matattakalar kuma an gyara shi da injin katako. A wurin da harbi ya taɓa ƙasa, an dasa ƙaramin tsiron don tayar da tushen kafa. Bayan wannan, an yafa masa ƙwanƙwasa tare da ƙasa, an ɗan shayar da shi kadan da mulched. Lokacin da aka kafa tushen, an yanke seedling daga mahaifiyar shuka kuma an dasa shi a cikin tukunya daban.

Girma bougainvillea daga tsaba

Yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba a cikin wani yanayi mai tsauri. A vivo, hummingbird yana gurɓatar da aikin hummingbird. A tsakiyar yankin na tsuntsaye na wurare masu zafi, ƙanƙara mai maganin hawthorn yayi ƙoƙari ya maye gurbin, amma tare da taimakonsa, ba a daɗewar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta.

Lokacin amfani da yadudduka iska da tushe mai tushe, ana kiyaye nau'ikan nau'ikan tsiro da nau'in tsiro, haɓakar haifuwar bougainvillea yana da sauƙi, saboda haka waɗannan hanyoyin sune mafi yawan gama gari.

Cutar da kwari

Wasu lokuta cututtuka suna tasowa daga rashin kulawa da fure, kuma kwari suna cutar da shi. Mafi sau da yawa, masoya shuka suna da tambayoyi:

1. Me yasa ganye zasu fadi bougainvillea? Wannan na iya zama saboda dalilan ilimin halittar jiki: ganye tsawon shekaru da faduwa, ko shuka yana shirin hunturu. Lokacin bazara na ganye na iya fitowa daga sake fasalin fure daga wuri zuwa wuri ko kuma ƙarƙashin tasirin daftarin.
2. Me yasa ganye suka zama ja (bushe)? Mafi yawan lokuta, masu noman fure suna haɗuwa da matsala a cikin hunturu idan sun shayar da ƙasa.
3. Me yasa bougainvillea ba ya fure? Ana iya haifar da matsalar ta dalilai da yawa. Bougainvillea yana cikin wurin mai inuwa kuma yana karɓar haske kaɗan. A cikin hunturu, zafin jiki ba a saukar da shi ba, kuma fure-fure ba zai iya ba. Shan ruwa tare da nitrogen shima yana haifar da rashin fure.

Karin kwari sun hada da: whitefly, gizo-gizo mite, scutellaria, aphid, mealybug. Ana amfani da magungunan kashe kwari da kwari.

Iri da nau'ikan bougainvillea gida tare da hotuna da sunaye

A dabi'a, akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire kusan 15, amma 3 kawai daga cikinsu suna girma a gida. Duk waɗannan nau'ikan sun fito ne daga Brazil: Bougainvillea Naked, Peruvian da Fair. A gida, karamin nau'in ƙaramin girma ya shahara, waɗanda sune nau'ikan gargajiya waɗanda waɗanda shayarwa suka kirkira dangane da waɗannan nau'in. Zasu iya zama monochrome da sautin-biyu, da suka bambanta, canza launuka, mai sauƙin tsari da launin ƙasa.

Bougainville Double Pink / Bougainvillea Double Pink

An zana takalmin kwalliyar launin launin launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda mai ruwan kore a gindi. Yana da launi mai haske a ko'ina cikin lokacin furanni.

Bougainvillea Zinariya / Bougainvillea Thai Zinare

Varietyan bambanta waɗanda ke canza launi bracts lokacin kaka. A farko ana fentin su da shuɗi mai launin zinare mai kamshi mai haske. Yayinda suke bushewa, suna jujjuya launuka mai haske tare da ɗan haske.

Bougainvillea Alexandra / Bougainvillea Alexandra

Kyakkyawan yanayi mai ƙauna mai zafi tare da cikakken filayen lilac da ƙananan furanni masu fararen dusar ƙanƙara, an tattara 2 zuwa 3 a tseren tsere. Ba ya yarda da ƙarancin zafin jiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci. An tsara don bonsai. Yin amfani da tsire-tsire pruning ƙirƙirar ƙananan abubuwan haɗawa.

Bougainvillea wata itaciya ce da baƙon abu ba wacce ke haɓaka haske mai zafi da ƙirar Faransanci (sunan ya wajabta!). Har abada yana mamaye zukatan masu son flora kuma ya zama "alama" na kowane ciki.