Gimenokallis - girma da kulawa a gida, nau'in hoto

Gimenokallis (Hymenocallis) - tsirrai mai tsiro tare da kyawawan furanni peculiar kuma yana jin ƙanshi mai daɗi. Wurin haifuwar Gimenokallis shine Kudancin da Tsakiyar Amurka, yana cikin tsaunukan tsiro wanda wannan tsiron ya girma cikin yanayi.

Bayyanar yanayi ba tare da fargaba ba musamman sanannu, sun haɗa da hymenocallis ga dangin Amaryllis. Sunan ya fito ne daga kalmomin Girka biyu, "hymen" na nufin fim, kuma "callos" an fassara shi da kyau. Sunan daidai halayen hymenocallis a lokacin furanni, stamens suna fused tare da petals saboda wannan furen yayi kama da sabon abu. Ganyayyaki suna girma zuwa 50-100 cm, amma farjin shine yawanci ya fi girma sama da kore na shuka.

Hakanan duba yadda ake girma amaryllis na cikin gida.

Bambanci tsakanin hymenocallis da ismen

Sakamakon rashin daidaituwa na mazauna cikin yanayin hymenocallis, yana da wuya a daidaita rarrabuwa. Wasu masana wasu lokuta basa bambanta shi da ismene, amma waɗannan sune tsire-tsire gaba ɗaya:

• gimenokallis yana jefa guda ɗaya kawai, kuma sau da yawa yana samar da tushe na karya daga farantan ganye na mutu;
• a cikin Izmena ana samun fure a wani kusurwa mai kusanci da furen; a Gimenokallis, an shirya furanni a tsaye;
• kore kogunan furanni kyawawan halaye ne na izmena; wannan ba shi da bambanci ga hymenocallis.

Ban sha'awa! An yi imanin cewa Izmena ya rabu da heminocallis, amma har yanzu waɗannan tsire biyu sun kasance a cikin iyali guda.

Kula da gimenokallis a gida. A takaice

Itatuwa ba mai tsinkaye bane, gimenokallis yana jin daɗi a gida, babban abu shine ƙirƙirar yanayi mai yarda da ita. Ko da sabon shiga ba zai sami matsaloli tare da wannan ba, manyan alamu zasu kasance:

Tsawon rayuwa yana da mahimmanci, tare da kulawa da ta dace ɗaya kwan fitila zai girma da haɓaka mai tsawo, tare da fure zai zama shekara-shekara.

Kula da gimenokallis a gida. Daki-daki

Dankin gimenokallis yana jin daɗi a gida, kowa yana iya girma. Babban ma'aunin zai zama lokacin shayarwa da isasshen adadin haske, in ba haka ba tabbas akwai matsaloli.

Bayan sayan, Gimenokallis, kamar sauran mazaunan cikin gida, yana buƙatar ba da lokaci don daidaitawa da sabon microclimate. Bayan wannan, idan ya cancanta, tura shi ko zaɓi wurin da ya fi dacewa don jituwarsa ta dindindin. Domin kada ku lalata shuka, ya kamata ku bi wasu ka'idoji da shawarwari, don haka baƙi daga cikin tsaunukan zai yi girma da haɓaka.

Gimenokallis dasa

Shuka ba ta son canjin ƙasa da tukunya, don haka ana aiwatar da jujjuyawar ƙasa fiye da sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru 3-4. Ba shi da kyau a sake haɗa shi nan da nan bayan sayan, bayan makonni 2-3 yana da mahimmanci don bincika ƙasa da asalinsu, idan 2-4 cm ya kasance daga kwan fitila zuwa gefen tukunyar, to irin wannan rumfar ba ta buƙatar juyawa.
Canja ƙasa kuma tukunyar ya zama dole ne kawai idan an gano kwari ko cututtuka.

Lokacin dasa shuki kwan fitila, dole a lura da shawarwarin masu zuwa:

• kwan fitila yana nishi a cikin ƙasa a 2/3, 1/3 yana saman cakuda ƙasa;
• disembarkation ne da za'ayi a watan Maris-Afrilu;
• don cimma fure, ya zama dole don girma ganye, shuka tare da yara da wuya blooms.

Ban da wannan don kwanakin dasa za'a sayi kwararan fitila.

Yawo hymenocallis

Kusan dukkan nau'in hymenocallis na bazara, ban da shi kawai shine H. caribaea, yana yin fure ne kawai a lokacin hunturu.

Kafin fure, iri tare da mutuwar ganye na rayayye ƙara kore taro, to, stalk fitar da fure fure daga gare ta. Bayan wani lokaci, kyawawan nau'in furanni na sabon abu akan shinge, akan ɗaya daga 6 zuwa 12 buds na iya haɓaka.

Siffar halayyar furanni na hymenokalis shine cikakkiyar jigo na duka fure da kankara, idan aka buɗe, suna kama da kambi. Diamita na fure na iya isa 15 cm, amma akasarin su ƙanana ne.

Ban sha'awa! Yawancin lokaci stamens sun fi tsintsiya tsintsiya madaidaiciya, amma akwai wasu nau'ikan halittu waɗanda ke da gajerun tsarurruka.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Heminocallis na gida yana haɓaka aiki a cikin bazara da bazara a cikin yanayin latitude. A cikin hunturu, yakamata a saka kulawa ta musamman ga nau'in mazaunin kullun, tare da rashin walƙiya, zazzabi a kusa da tushe dole ne a rage wucin gadi. Don yin wannan, tukunyar da shuka ke turawa kusa da taga kuma an ɗan girgiza shi, akwatin amintacce cikakke ne ga wannan.

Alamar ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ya bambanta kowane lokaci na rayuwa:

• a lokacin rani, ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ya kamata ya nuna zafi 24;
• hunturu (lokacin hutawa) ana saninsa da digiri 10-14;
• daga Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu, dole ne ku kula da akalla 16 tare da alamar alama.

Mahimmanci! Lokacin dasawa da cire kwararan fitila daga cikin ƙasa, ana aika su zuwa wani wuri mai bushe tare da zazzabi na zafi 10-12.

Ga kayan bugun gaba da wutar lantarki ta wucin gadi, bai kamata a kayyade tsarin zazzabi ba, za su gamsu da alamun da ke akwai.

Fesa

Kulawa da gimenokallis a gida bai ƙunshi maimaitawa akai-akai da wucin gadi daga iska a kewayen shuka ba. Ya isa a share lokaci-lokaci wanke ƙurar da ke a ƙarƙashin ɗakin dumi daga ganyayyaki, yayin da shinge da furanni kansu ya kamata a kiyaye su daga rafin ruwa.

Haske

Asalin tsiron ya kuma shafi abubuwan da ake son su a hasken. Don haɓakawa na al'ada da ci gaba, ana zaɓar tagogin yamma, gabas da kudanci don tushe, tunda yana ɗauka tsinkaye mai haske, amma inuwa m zata yi farin ciki.

A cikin wuraren da ake da hasken-fure da fure zai zama kyawawan wurare, arewaci da wurare marasa kyau ba za su bar shuka ya sanya farfajiya ba a lokacin farashi.

A cikin hunturu, don nau'in kullun, ya zama dole don shirya hasken rana 10-hasken rana bisa wucin gadi da hasken wuta.

Watsa Gimenokallis

Ana shayar da ruwa wanda yawanci yakan haifar da mafi girman wahala ga yan lambu; wani lokacin abu ne mai wahala matuƙar tsammani da yawan danshi. Baƙi daga cikin gandun daji mai laima na Amurka ta Tsakiya a lokacin girma da tilasta farfajiya yana ƙaunar danshi sosai. Don biyan buƙatun, dole ne a bi waɗannan ƙa'idodin:

• a lokacin girma, yawan ruwa yana wadatacce, bushewar lakar mara lafiya, abu ne da ba a karɓa ba;
• kusa da kaka, bayan lokacin furanni, buƙatar danshi ta ragu, furen yana shirya don hutawa;
• a cikin hunturu, ana rage yawan ruwa zuwa mafi ƙaranci, ya isa sau 1-2 a mako a cikin kananan rabo.

Yawancin danshi yakan haifar da kwararan fitila. Wajibi ne a guji ɓarnar ruwa a cikin tukunyar.

Wiwi

Don dasawa, ya fi kyau zaɓi tukunyar yumɓu, ƙarar ta ya kamata ya zama matsakaici. Ya kamata a fahimci cewa tushen tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi da girma cikin sauri. Babban girman girman ba zai sa ya yiwu a sa farfajiyar ba, amma akwai yara da yawa.

Kyakkyawan zaɓi zai zama akwati wanda kwan fitila zai shiga 4-5 cm zurfi, yayin da 1/3 daga ciki zai kasance sama da ƙasa. Nisa daga ƙwanƙwasa zuwa ƙwanƙolinta zai zama cm 2 cm a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi, tabbas shuka zai faranta wa furanni farkon shekara.

Kasar

Juyin Gimenokallis ya ƙunshi saka kwan fitila na shuka ba wai kawai a cikin tukunyar da ta fi dacewa ba, har ma tana maye gurbin cakuda ƙasa gaba ɗaya. A gare ta, dan kadan acidic, sako-sako tare da zabin kayan abinci ya dace. Ba za ku iya yaudarar kanku ku sayi wani abun buɗe wuta a cikin shagon ba, amma kuna iya yin kanku:

1. Sheet ƙasa, Turf, yashi kogi, rabo 3: 1: 1.
2. Humus, turmin, ƙasa sheet, yashi kogin, peat, rabo 2: 2: 2: 1: 1.

Shawara! A cikin ƙasa da aka saya don kwararan fitila, kuna buƙatar ƙara wasu gawayi.

Ciyar da takin zamani

Wajibi ne don ciyar da shuka a cikin lokacin girma da kuma makiyaya na farfajiyar, ana aiwatar da hanyar sau ɗaya a kowane mako 2-3 tare da shirye-shiryen ruwa a cikin tsire-tsire na cikin gida na fure. Dogara mai tsananin biyayya ga umarnin zai taimaka wa iri wajen fitar da isasshen kayan kore da fure; a ƙarshen wannan lokacin, an cire riguna masu kyau.

Kuna buƙatar zaɓar kwayoyi tare da ƙaramin abun ciki na nitrogen ko ma ba tare da shi ba.

Lokacin hutawa

Daga ƙarshen watan Agusta zuwa tsakiyar Janairu, ana ganin lokacin hutawa a cikin gimenokallis. Yawancin boles suna sauke ganye kuma suna hutawa kafin fure na gaba. Don kibiya don dacewa daidai, ya wajaba don ƙirƙirar yanayi:

• rage yawan ruwa;
• gaba daya ware kayan miya;
• rage zafin jiki zuwa shawarar.

Sai bayan wannan, a watan Mayu, shuka zai fitar da farjin kuma zai farantawa furanni.

Girma hymenocallis daga tsaba

Ofaya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka don yaduwar shuka shine tsiro daga tsaba, yayin da aka tattara shi da kansa, wannan ba zaiyi aiki ba.

Ana shuka ƙwayar da aka sayo bisa ga shawarwarin akan marufi. Ana aiwatar da tsarin a cikin cakuda peat da yashi tare da ban ruwa mai ban sha'awa.

Yaduwa da 'yar kwararan fitila

Mafi yawan yaduwa daga hymenocallis ta kwararan fitila. An rarrabe su da hankali daga kwanon mama kuma an dasa su a cikin ƙananan tukwane a cikin cakuda peat da yashi. Ana sanya kwantena a cikin wuraren da ke da rabin inuwar da jira don tsiron, to sai a watsa su cikin ƙasa da aka shirya cikin manyan tukwane.

Cutar da kwari

Yawancin kwari don kara ba mummunan bane, suna ƙoƙari su kewaye wannan gefen fure. Wani lokaci, ana iya samun thrips, mealybug, daffodil. Rage su da kwari.

Cututtuka suna shafar wasu lokuta:

• Hymenokallis baya fure, Akwai wasu dalilai da yawa kan wannan. Rashin lokacin damuwa, rashin haske, rashin wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki zai shafi gangar jikin a wannan hanyar.
• Wither ganye daga rashin danshi ko daga yalwar sa, wannan yana hukunci da yanayin ƙasa.
• Ganyen dige a ganye za su yi magana game da staganospore, kuma za a shafa bulbul nan da nan.
• Tsutsotsi a kan petals kafa a yanayin zafi.
• Ganyen Gimenokallis sun zama rawaya kuma sun rasa elasticity saboda yawan danshi, yawan ruwa yana wadatarwa.

Sauran matsaloli suna da ɗan wahalar gaske, bai cancanci a mai da hankali a kansu ba.

Nau'in hymenocallis na cikin gida tare da hotuna da sunaye

Halittar hymenocallis yana da wakilai sama da 50, kwatancin duka zai ɗauki lokaci mai yawa, don haka bari mu mai da hankali ga mafi yawan abubuwa.

Hymenocallis kyawawan Hymenocallis speciosa

Wakilin Evergreen daga Antilles. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, ya bambanta da yankuna ta hanyar fure mai fure tare da laima na furanni, kowane ɗayansu ya kai diamita har zuwa 15 cm, kuma sepals sun shiga cikin baka sau 7 cm.

Hymenocallis Caribbean Harijaniya caribaea

Dandalin Evergreen tare da fure a cikin watanni 4 ya zo mana daga Antilles. Shine wanda ya fi shahara tare da masu noman furanni. Matsara da duhu duhu ganye da laima na manyan furanni da dogon sepals.

Hymenocallis narcissiflora Hymenocallis narcissiflora

Wannan nau'in ya fito ne daga Peru, ana bambanta shi da launin rawaya na petals da wurin da adon turba, sun kasance gaba ɗaya cikin kambin furannin gas ɗin. Akwai nau'ikan furanni da furanni masu launin shuɗi da fari, lokacin furanni yana da tsawo, yana farawa a tsakiyar lokacin bazara kuma yana kasancewa har zuwa tsakiyar kaka.

Gimenokallis na biki, Gimenokallis mai dadi Hymenocallis x festalis

Wannan wakilin Amaryllis shine asalin kwando da Elisen hymenocallis. Ya bambanta da furanni masu launuka masu launuka masu tsayi akan babban tsalle, ana daukar Peru mahaifarta. Blooms a cikin manyan furanni na watanni 2-3.