Heliconia - girma da kulawa a gida, nau'in hoto

Heliconia (Heliconia) - a tsiro herbaceous hanzari na iyali heliconium. A cikin wuraren zama na yau da kullun, yana da damar isa ga tsayin mita 6 ko fiye. Wurin haihuwar heliconia shine gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka. A yanayi, akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire kusan 200.

Manyan ganyen fata na heliconia sun yi kama da ganyen ayaba: suna da siffar oval-oblong mai sheki mai cike da launi mai launin shuɗi. Babban mahimmancin tsararren shuka shine inflorescences: dogon faduwa ko tsayayyen kunnuwa da yawa wanda aka kirkira da takalmin katako mai haske wanda aka zana a launuka daban-daban na ja da rawaya. A cikin kabarin, kananan furanni masu launin shudi ko farin gashi suna ɓoyewa.

Kula da furannin bilbergia. M da unpretentious.

M kaddarorin heliconia

Energyarfin tsiro yana kusanci da mutane waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin neman ci gaba da sababbin matakan ƙarfi a cikin aiki da kasuwanci. Saurin haɓakawa da girman girma na heliconiums na tsofaffi suna tsoratar da ƙwararrun masu sana'a don shawo kan matsalolin, inganta haɓaka da faɗaɗa ikon da suke da shi.

Koyaya, shuka ba zai iya kare mai shi daga faɗuwa da kasawa akan hanyar ƙwararru da rayuwa ba, saboda haka heliconia yana da kyau kawai ga masu dogaro da kansu da kuma masu zaman kansu.

Heliconia: kulawar gida. A takaice

Kulawar Heliconium a gida. Daki-daki

Heliconia Bloom

A cikin ɗakunan da ke da haske tare da kulawa da ta dace, heliconia na cikin gida na iya yin fure duk shekara. Loaƙƙarfan inflorescences na shuka suna da ban mamaki sosai: suna da kunnuwa da yawa har zuwa tsawon mita 1, sun ƙunshi dimbin takalmin katako mai haske, masu launuka gwargwadon bambancin launuka daban-daban na rawaya da ja.

Furannin heliconia da kansu basu da ma'ana kuma kusan ba'a iya ganin su da keɓaɓɓun shuwatsun launuka.

Harkokin Heliconia bayan sayan

Haɗa Heliconia bayan sayanta shine ya zama tilas don adana lafiyar tsirrai. A yayin wannan aikin, yana da kyau a kula da tushen furen tare da mai warwarewa da haɓaka maganin Kornevin.

Ana yin ƙarin transplants yayin da heliconia ke tsiro sau ɗaya a kowace shekara na 1-3 a watan Fabrairu ko Maris. An ɗaga jita-jita don kada shuka ya faɗi ƙarƙashin nauyin kansa.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Heliconia yana thermophilic: a lokacin da yake girma yana aiki, zazzage iska a cikin ɗakin da yake girma ana kiyaye shi a + 22- + 27 ° С, don hunturu ana canja wurin shuka zuwa ɗakin mai sanyaya, inda iska ke yin zafi har zuwa + 14- + 17 ° С.

Fesa

Heliconia yana buƙatar zafi sosai, saboda haka, fesa masa matakai ne na wajibi. Kuna iya fesa ruwa mai tsabta daga gun fesa akan fure har zuwa sau da yawa a rana idan ɗakin yana da zafi ko ya bushe sosai. A karkashin yanayin al'ada, ana aiwatar da spraying kowane kwanaki 2-3.

Haske

Kula da heliconia a gida yana farawa da zaɓin da ya dace na wuri don shuka: yakamata ya kasance yana daɗaɗa kusan shekara-shekara. Isasshen adadin haske yana motsa ci gaba da fure na heliconia, da kuma rashin rana yana taimakawa ci gaban lush na kore mai yawa ga lalata labulen fure.

Harkokin ruwa na Heliconia

Soilasa a cikin tukunya da heliconia koyaushe ya kamata a jika da kyau, in ba haka ba inji zai hanzarta rasa halayen kayan ado.

Watering ne da za'ayi tare da dumi, ruwa zauna: a cikin lokacin rani kowane kwanaki 3-4 (a cikin matsanancin zafi - har sau 2 a rana), a cikin kaka-lokacin hunturu - kowane ranakun 8-10.

Tsafta

Manyan ganye na faranti na heliconia suna tara ƙura da yawa a kansu, saboda haka dole ne a shafe su lokaci-lokaci tare da zane mai laushi ko soso.

Hakanan ana iya zama "freshened" daga lokaci zuwa lokaci a karkashin ruwan wanka.

Tukunyar Heliconia

Heliconium shuka a gida yana girma cikin tukwane mai zurfi ko tubs mai fadi da gefuna. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga samfuran manya waɗanda zasu iya faɗuwa ƙarƙashin nauyin nauyin nasu.

Kasar

Cakuda ƙasa don heliconia ya kamata ya kasance sako-sako, mai gina jiki da numfashi. Dukkanin mahaɗar da aka sayar a cikin shagunan fure sun dace, amma zaku iya shirya ƙasa da kanku ta hanyar haɗa turfy ƙasa, takin, ƙasa da yashi a cikin rabo na 2: 1: 1: 0.5. A kasar gona kafin dasa ya kamata a disinfected ta kowace hanya zai yiwu.

Taki da taki

Heliconium baya buƙatar miya kullun a gida. Ya kamata a yi amfani da takin mai magani a lokacin da ake girma girma 1 a kowane wata (samfuran duniya na hadaddun ruwa da shirye-shiryen ruwa na amfanin gona ya dace), ba sa ciyar da shuka a cikin hunturu.

Mai jan tsami

Ana aiwatar da hanyoyin da ake yin su ne don dalilan tsabtace jiki bayan shuka ya lalace. Tare da kaifi, wuka mai warwarewa, duk busassun ciyawar fure da wasu lalace kuma an cire ƙarin ganye daga tsire.

Ya kamata a kula da wuraren yankan da gawayi da keɓaɓɓu don hana lalata.

Lokacin hutawa

Heliconia bashi da lokacin kwanciya da zai iya fure akalla shekara-shekara. Koyaya, tare da namo gida a cikin watanni na hunturu, lokacin da aka gajarta hasken rana kuma na'urorin dumama suna aiki a cikin ɗakuna, har yanzu ya kamata a ba da shuka don hutawa.

Tare da farkon wannan, ana rage yawan shayar da heliconium zuwa mafi ƙarancin buƙata, ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a + 14- + 17 ° С. A lokaci guda, hasken wuta yakamata ya kasance mai haske wanda ya sa mai tushe na shuka ba su shimfiɗa.

Halin Heliconia daga tsaba

Tsaba kafin shuka suna cikin ruwan zafi awanni da yawa. An shuka su a cikin cakuda yashi da peat, an hatimce su zuwa zurfin 2 cm. Ana rufe tankar shuka tare da gilashin ko fim don ƙirƙirar yanayin greenhouse. Tsaba yana girma na dogon lokaci, wannan tsari na iya ɗaukar lokaci daga wata zuwa shekara guda.

Kuna iya rage wannan lokacin ta hanyar shafa saman kowane zuriya tare da sandpaper. Ana ɗaukar 'yan itacen a cikin tukwane daban-daban makonni bayan bayyanar su.

Heliconia samu daga tsaba blooms kawai a cikin shekarar 3rd namo.

Maganar Heliconia ta hanyar rarraba daji

Kayan lambu na yaduwa ya dace da tsire-tsire masu lafiya. Ana rarraba busheshen Heliconia ta hanyar da kowane bangare daga cikinsu bayan rarraba yana da nasa yanki na rhizome.

Slices suna bushe, ana bi da su da gawayi, bayan wannan ana shuka delenki a cikin kwantena daban a cikin ƙasa mai gina jiki. Sabuwar tsirrai da ruwa tare da taka tsantsan, guje wa turɓaya daga danshi a cikin ƙasa, yadda rhizomes ba su fara lalacewa ba.

Cutar da kwari

Heliconia na waje yana da buƙatu masu mahimmanci don yanayin haɓaka gida. Kurakurai cikin kulawa yana haifar da mummunan lalata a cikin bayyanar da lafiyar shuka. Wadanda akafi amfani dasu sune:

• Heliconia ya shimfida - a cikin dakin da yake, akwai karancin haske. Ya kamata a koma da tukunyar filawa zuwa inda hasken ya fi tsauri da tsawanta;
• ganye heliconium ya juya launin rawaya - a lokacin girma girma, wannan ya faru ne sakamakon karancin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma shayar da shuka, yayin hutawa - zuwa rashin haske da yawan zafin iska;
• koren ganye kore - shuka ya yi birgima ko yana cikin dakin mai zafi sosai. Ofayyade zazzabi da ruwa zai taimaka wajen magance matsalar;
• wrinkles a kan ganyen heliconia ya bayyana ne sakamakon bambancin zafin jiki kwatsam ko kuma saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa. Dole ne a kiyaye tsire daga tsarawa kuma a ciyar da shi ta dace;
• ƙarshen heliconium ganye juya launin rawaya sakamakon overmrying wani earthen coma a cikin tukunya ko saboda yawan wuce haddi a cikin ƙasa. Wajibi ne a shayar da shuka sosai kuma a dakatar da kayan miya har zuwa wani lokaci mai kyau;
• heliconia ya juya launin rawaya gaba daya saboda take hakkin tsarin ban ruwa, wasu dalilai masu yuwuwar: busasshiyar iska, ƙasa mai nauyi da taƙima, ko shiri don lokacin sanyi;
• launin fata launin ruwan kasa a saman ganye da mai tushe bayyana a sakamakon rayuwar kwari - sikelin kwari. Ana sarrafa su da inji ta hanyar shafa ganye tare da maganin soapy, ko ta amfani da magungunan kashe kwari;
• Yanar Gizo Heliconia - Alamar kamuwa da cuta tare da ƙwayar gizo-gizo, wanda aka kunna yawanci cikin iska mai bushewa. Dole ne a goge shuka sosai da maganin soapy kuma a fanshe shi ƙarƙashin ɗumi mai ɗumi.

Baya ga waɗannan kwari, nematodes da mealybugs zasu iya "nuna sha'awa" a cikin heliconia. Hanya mafi inganci don magance su ita ce amfani da kwari da suka dace.

Iri heliconia na gida tare da hotuna da sunaye

Heliconia rostral, ko "kaguwa da kambori", ko "lobster kambori" (Heliconia rostrata, "Crab Claw" ko "Lobster Claw")

Daya daga cikin wakilan mafi girma na halittar, wanda ya isa ya girma zuwa mita 6 a tsayi. Tana da manyan ganyayyaki masu launin kore mai kama, masu kama da ganyen ayaba, da kuma ƙarancin haske har zuwa tsayi mita 1.5, kafa da yawa masu haske da ƙananan furanni masu launin kore.

Heliconia aku aku (Heliconia psittacorum)

Itace mai tsayi (har zuwa mita 2 a tsayi), tana samar da daji mai yawan wuta da yawa (har zuwa rabin mitsi) ganyen layin-layi mai laushi mai launin shuɗi. Inflorescences ne a tsaye, karkace, an kafa ta da ruwan lemo mai haske ko ja da ƙananan furanni masu launin fari tare da baƙar fata na abubuwan fure.

Heliconia madaidaiciya (Heliconia stricta)

Babban rukuni na tsire-tsire masu matsakaici (daga 30 cm zuwa mita 1.5) tare da inflorescences kai tsaye, wanda ya ƙunshi madaukai, katako mai haske mai launin ja mai haske, wanda yake a kusurwar dama zuwa ga shinge.

Heliconia karfe (Heliconia metallica)

Babban tsire-tsire wanda ya isa mita 2 a tsayi. Ganyenta suna da tsawo, koren duhu mai duhu tare da lamuran haske a saman ɓangaren farantin ganye. A ƙananan saman ganyayyaki suna fentin ja ko shunayya mai launin ƙarfe. Inflorescences suna da launin fure mai launin kore kuma ba kyawawa bane musamman.

Heliconia india (Heliconia india)

Tallaura mai tsayi, a cikin yanayin isa ga tsayin mita 3 ko fiye. Ganyenta suna da yawa, elongated, suna da launin tagulla mai launin tagulla. Inflorescences ƙananan, fure ne, yawanci fenti kore.

Heliconia bicolor (Heliconia bicolor)

Itataccen ƙaramin tsire-tsire game da tsayi 1 mita tare da kunkuntar masu haske na lanceolate mai haske da ƙananan matsakaitan inflorescences wanda aka kirkira ta hanyar m-ja bracts da ƙananan furanni fari.

Heliconia bihai

Babban nau'in halitta, girma a cikin yanayi zuwa mita 3 a tsayi kuma ƙari. Ganyen suna da tsawo da fadi da kuma tare da launuka masu launin kore. Inflorescences abu ne mai haskakawa, har zuwa rabin tsawon tsayi, wanda aka kirkira ta hanyar jan bra-orange mai haske da furanni masu launin kore ko furanni masu launin shuɗi.