Calceolaria - dasa da kulawa a gida, nau'in hoto

Calceolaria (Calceolaria) - fure, ciyawa-deciduous, herbaceous ko shuka iri, dangin dangi Narichnikovs. Kudancin Amurka, tare da yanayin dumin danshi da danshi, shine wurin haifuwar cutar sankara. Ya danganta da ire-iren yanayi da na halitta, ana girma cikin al'adun shekara-shekara da tsararraki.

Shuka shuka a cikin yanayi na dabi'a - har zuwa cm 60. Shuka, nau'in kayan ado don namo gida ana nuna su da ƙananan girma (20-30 cm). Asalin Calceolaria da suna suna da alaƙa da siffar fure. "Kamar takalmi" - fassarar sunan a fassara daga Latin.

Yawancin furanni masu haske, launuka masu ɗorewa suna da ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa a kowane ɗaki. Koyaya, maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta cuta ce mai girman kai da damuwa kuma ba kowane ɗan ƙasa zai iya wadatar dashi ba.

Dubi kuma yadda ake girma acalifa na cikin gida da bilbergia.

Calceolaria: kulawar gida. A takaice

Irƙira wani microclimate shine mabuɗin don fure mai nasara, kamar yadda tsire-tsire nan da nan ya amsa dalilai masu haɗari:

Kula da Calceolaria a gida. Daki-daki

Flow calceolaria

Lokacin fure yawancin lokaci yakan faɗi ne a Mayu-Satumba, amma tsawon sa da farawa ya dogara ne akan lokacin shuka iri da kuma yanayin tsarewa. Kyakkyawan daji a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi yana da yanayin chic da ƙanshi mai daɗi. Furanni na nau'ikan daban-daban sun banbanta da sifa da launi, amma galibi yakan kasance nimbus ne mai madaidaici biyu da kannuna biyu a cikin kofi guda huɗu masu nauyi.

Lebe na sama ƙarami ne, ƙananan lebe babba ne. Siffar sabon abu tayi kama da jaka ta bude ko kuma takalmin asali. Yawan furanni a cikin inflorescence da tsawon da peduncles ma daban. Bushaya daga cikin daji na iya samun fure 30 zuwa 50. Sakamakon hadi na mace, almarar zuriya tare da manyan kananan kananan 'ya'ya ke bayyana.

Saukowa bayan siye

Don haɓakar calceolaria a gida har tsawon lokaci ɗaya, kuna buƙatar juyawa guda ɗaya, wanda aka aiwatar bayan sayan shuka. Wannan zai ba ku damar zaɓar madaidaicin adadin ƙarfin da haɓaka abincin shuka.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Kula da maganin calceolaria a gida yana da rikitarwa ta buƙatun ta na zazzabi na yanayi. Yanayin da yafi dacewa don yawan fure, wanda yake dadewa, ana kafa shi da abun sanyi, wanda ba koyaushe zai yiwu a samar da wuraren zama ba. Nagari zazzabi:

• da rana - ba sama da + 20 ° C;
• da dare - ba sama da + 15 ° С.

Yanayin dare na iya sauka zuwa + 10 ° C, kuma yanayin rana zai iya zuwa + 16 ° C. Wannan ya fi yanayin zafi zafi, wanda ayoyin suka faɗi, fure yana ƙare da sauri.

Fesa

Itace Calceolaria a gida tana bukatar zafi sosai. Kuna iya kula da shi tare da humidifier ko mai siyarwa, amma ba zaku iya fesa shuka da kanta ba, kamar yadda lalatattun furanni suka lalace.

Haske

Hasken rana kai tsaye na iya haifar da konewa kuma da sauri zai zama inflorescences, saboda haka suna buƙatar da za a girgiza su ta hanyoyi da yawa. A lokaci guda, shuka yana buƙatar haske mai haske daidai da hasken rana mai tsawo. A lokacin rani, za'a iya canza wurin da tukunya akai-akai gwargwadon haske.

Don fure-kaka-hunturu, furanni na gida yana buƙatar walƙiyar wucin gadi.

Watse Calceolaria

Yanayin kasar gona ya kamata ya kasance mai danshi na matsakaici, ba tare da tsauraran ruwa ba. Ana yin ruwa a ƙasa, ba tare da rigar furanni ko a cikin kwanon rufi ba, tare da cire m ruwa mai yalwa. Kula da danshi tare da ganshin danshi, daskararren yumbu ko matattarar peat a kasan kwanon, inda aka sanya tukunyar.

Ruwa don ban ruwa ya tsabtace ta hanyar matattara ko daɗaɗa da ɗumi zuwa zafin jiki na ɗakin.

Tukunyar Calceolaria

Zabi na tukunya ya dogara da matakin namo:

• an shuka iri a cikin kwantena mara zurfi ko trays, wanda, bayan an rufe shi da murfi ko fim, ana iya jujjuya shi cikin kananan faranti kafin ƙwayayen su tsiro.
• nutse seedlings a cikin ƙananan tukwane ko kofuna waɗanda tare da diamita game da 7cm.
• seedlings na wata-wata don wuri mai ɗorewa yana buƙatar ƙara tukunya na 0.8 zuwa 1.2 lita.

Itatuwan tsire-tsire na cikin manya suna jin daɗin daidai a cikin yumbu da tukwane na filastik tare da ramuka magudanar ruwa.

Kasar

Tsarin ƙasa don shuka iri don shuka ya kamata ya sami musayar iska, ya zama mai walƙiya da sako-sako. Abun da aka gama dashi gaba daya ko cakuda hade da kayan kwanciya da yashi (7: 1) ya dace. Zuwa 1 kg na cakuda ƙara 15-20 g na ash, alli ko dolomite gari. Karnataccen da aka kunna a ciki ba zai yi rauni ba

Ga ɗan itacen girma, ƙasa mai gina jiki daga daidai sassan ganye humus, peat da ƙasa turbene ya fi dacewa. An ƙara ƙaramin yashi don inganta malalewa.

Hankali! Disinasa ta samar da kanta yana gurbatawa tare da bayani na potassium permanganate ko a cikin tanda, dumama har zuwa 90-100 ° С.

Taki da taki

Ana haɗuwa da riguna masu kyau tare da shayarwa kuma ana gudana bayan kwanaki 10-14. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da takin ƙasa ma'adinai don tsirrai na fure bisa ga umarnin mai masana'anta.

Tsirrai masu tsire-tsire ba sa ciyar da makonni biyu na farko.

Maganin Calceolaria

Don shuka ya zama mai ban sha'awa, ana yin girma mafi yawa tsawon shekara guda, sannan kuma wani matashi ya maye gurbinsa. Ana buƙatar ƙwayar Calceolaria yawanci don samfuran samfurori. Lingsa ofan ofan tsirran ko kuma yayyafa ma an dasa su a cikin akwati mai ɗorewa.

Ba a lalata dunƙulewar ƙasa yayin dasawa ba. Mafi kyawun lokacin dasa matasa bushes shine farkon bazara, manya - a cikin fall bayan fure.

Lokacin hutawa

Cutanƙarar daji da aka sare an yanke shi zuwa ƙasa, ya ƙunshi watanni 1.5-2 a cikin ɗaki mai duhu, mai duhu, yana iyakance ruwa zuwa mafi ƙaranci. Bushewa kasar gona na iya lalata shuka. Tare da shigowar matasa harbe, ana mayar da tukunya zuwa microclimate mai kyau da haske don ci gaba. Lokaci na biyu na fure ya fara a farko fiye da na farko, amma harbe suna budewa da sauri, rasa bayyanar kyakkyawa.

Haɓaka calceolaria daga tsaba

Girma fure calceolaria daga tsaba abu ne mai wahala. Tsarin zai ja tsawon watanni 8 - 9, don haka ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar seedling kuma ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:

• Seedsananan ƙananan tsaba suna warwatse a farfajiya, ƙasa mai kyau da aka matse ta matse. Suna rufe amfanin gona tare da zane mai bushe kuma suna tsara greenhouse daga fim ko murfin gilashi. Kula da yawan zafin jiki na kimanin + 20 ° C da gumi, sanyaya iska da cire iska.
• Seedlings kafin saukowa a cikin wani akwati akai nutse har sau biyu.
• An dasa shi a cikin mazaunin dindindin bayan watanni 1.5 -2 bayan nutsewar ƙarshe.

Mahimmanci! Kwanan shuka suna dogara da buri da lokacin furanni da ake tsammanin. Don samun fure a farkon bazara, ana shuka tsaba a ƙarshen Yuni. Amfanin gona na watan Fabrairu zai kusa kusan faduwa.

Farfagandar calceolaria ta yanke

Yankan ana yin su ne a ƙarshen bazara ko farkon bazara. Yanke suna ɗaukar tushen wahala, sabili da haka, dole ne suyi amfani da ƙwayoyin haɓaka. An dasa shoot tare da ƙasa mai gina jiki. Yi tsari don adana danshi tare da gilashin gilashi ko kwalban filastik. Kimanin watanni biyu za a kashe a kan tushen kafa. Yayin duk tsawon lokacin bushewa, zafi, zazzabi +20-25 ° С mai haske, ana kiyaye hasken wuta. Lokacin da ciyawar ta fara girma, za a cire mafaka.

Ga ƙaƙƙarfan daji, an yanke tushen da yawa a cikin tukunya ɗaya.

Cutar da kwari

Kurakurai waɗanda aka yi a cikin ƙungiyar microclimate nan da nan suna shafar yanayin cutar sanƙarar fata kuma zai iya haifar da mutuwarsa:

• Yanayin zafi sama da + 18-20 ° C da ƙarancin zafi suna ba da gudummawa toho faduwa da tsufa da wuri.
• A cikin ƙarancin haske Calceolaria na daɗaɗa talauci.
• Tare da wuce kima watering a low zazzabi da moistening na furanni da ganye rot tasowa.

M lalacewar shuka ana iya lalacewa ta hanyar aphids, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, fararen fata.

Nau'in calceolaria na gida tare da hotuna da sunaye

Fiye da nau'ikan calceolaria 300 da aka sani, suna da haɓaka daban-daban, tsari da girman daji, haka kuma siffar da launi na ganye, fure, inflorescences. Ba duk nau'in halitta daidai ba ne kuma ba duka sun dace da haɓaka gida. Mafi mashahuri nau'ikan calceolaria:

Damuwa (C. herbeohybrida Voss)

Ra'ayin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan iri iri waɗanda suke da kama a kamannin, amma samun launuka daban-daban da ma'amala da wasu launuka da sifofi: shanyewar jiki, ƙyallen, geza. Girman inflorescences da girman peduncles a cikin iri daban-daban ne, amma koyaushe ana bambanta daji ta hanyar ado, mai arziki, bayyananniyar furanni da furanni masu haske iri-iri. Bango shine haske mai launin kore. Tsayin Bush - 15-40cm. Wakilan nau'ikan an wakilce su sosai a gida (Tigrovaya iri daban-daban, Dundee, Aida, Star rain, Dervish).

Mexico (C. mexicana)

Harbe na shuka suna sakawa sosai, inflorescences ba su da girma, kuma furanni sunada girma (kusan 5 cm). Tsawon daji ya kai 50cm. Corollas mai kama da walƙiya ana fentin su da shuɗi mai haske.

Jariri (C. purpurea Graham)

Featurewararren fasalin launuka iri-iri ne mai haɓakar ƙananan lelong da shunayya ko ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi na inflorescences. Ganyen da aka bushe daga ciki suna da lemun lilac.

Wrinkled calceolaria (C. rugosa)

A kan tsayi mai tushe (20-50 cm) tare da ƙaramin ganye mai yawa, an tattara inflorescences na ƙananan furanni (1-2.5 cm a diamita), mai kama da haske, girgije mai rawaya. Madaidaiciya harbe, wrinkled ganye, corrugated furanni ƙawata furucin launin ruwan kasa. Wakilai: Sunset, Goldbook.

Amphibian (C. crenatiflora)

Gashi mai laushi, har zuwa 60 cm tsayi, an rufe shi da ƙananan gashi. Ganyayyaki su ne pubescent, wavy, ovate, a Tushen tare da dogon petioles, kusan sessile a saman. Rawaya, shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa-ɗakin launin fure, manyan furanni suna samar da inflorescences corymbose akan fiɗa. Corolla a cikin nau'i na takalmin tare da lebe na sama.

Cobweb (C. arachnoidea)

Arami, ba fiye da 30cm ba, tsire-tsire ne mai wuya. Furanni masu launin shuɗi mai haske.