Passiflora - girma, kulawa gida, nau'in hoto

Passiflora (Passiflora) - ciyawar fure mai ciyawar fure tare da manyan, fure-kamar fure. Theasar mahaifar Passiflora ita ce Kudancin Amurka, Braziil, Peruvian, saukan damuna a gaban Paraguay. Godiya ga kayan adon da ƙamshi mai ban mamaki na fure, ana shuka ciyawar mura a cikin ƙasashe da yawa na duniya kuma ana kiranta fure mai so. Ya riga ya dace da Rum, yanayin canjin yanayin da yake da ƙarancin zafin rana tare da ɗanɗana lokacin zafi da daddare.

Girma a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, ana iya yin amfani da Liana mai son daukar hoto mai wahala don samun rana zuwa kanshi. Tare da taimakon tsofaffin antennae masu ƙarfi akan tushe mai ƙarfi, huɗa, sai ta manne da goyan baya da bishiyoyi har ta isa gaɓar daji.

Wasu samfurori a cikin mazaunun halitta sun kai mita 45-47 a tsayi. A gida, perenni passiflora yana girma zuwa mita 3, a kowace shekara yana ba da harbe 2-2.5 mita tsayi kuma shuka ce cikakkiyar fassara. Yawancin furanni suna rufe shuka a duk lokacin bazara, amma kowane zagayen rayuwa baya wuce rana guda.

	Yawan girma. Harbi a kowace shekara 2-2.5 mita tsawon.
	Yawancin furanni suna rufe shuka a duk lokacin bazara, amma kowane zagayen rayuwa baya wuce rana guda.
	Itace mai sauki tayi girma.
	Perennial shuka.

Haushi da guba na sha'awar sha'awa

Duk da kasancewar wasu kaddarorin warkaswa, ba a bada shawarar amfani da ita ba. Abubuwan da ke kunshe a cikin shuka, shiga cikin jiki, na iya haifar da rudani a cikin aikin jijiyoyin jini, kwakwalwa, koda, ko hanta.

Kulawar Passiflora a gida. A takaice

Passiflora a gida yana buƙatar kulawa ta yau da kullun, wanda ba shi da wahala:

Yanayin Zazzabi	Zazzabi a lokacin bazara kada ya wuce 23-25ºС. A cikin hunturu, shuka yana huta a 13-17ºС.
Jin zafi	Danshi yakamata ya isa. Yana buƙatar haɓaka kullun tare da pallet tare da yumɓu mai daɗaɗɗa da yashi. Additionari ga haka, ana bada shawarar fesa ruwa. Sau ɗaya a kowace kwana biyu, tare da ruwa mai ɗumi, nisantar lamba tare da furanni.
Haske	Haske yana da haske tare da yalwar hasken rana kai tsaye. In ba haka ba, fure yana raguwa ko gabaɗaya.
Watse	Watering yana matsakaici, sau ɗaya kowace kwana biyu, saboda ƙasa tana daɗaya. Koyaya, kar barin ruwan da ya wuce kima a cikin kwanon. A cikin hunturu, an rage yawan ruwa zuwa lokaci 1 a mako.
Kasar	Kasar Passiflora ya kamata ya zama haske da numfashi. Kuna iya dafa shi da kanka ta hanyar haɗawa takarda, ƙasa turfy, humus da yashi a cikin girman 3: 2: 2: 1, bi da bi.
Taki da taki	Ana buƙatar takin ƙasa da takin ƙasa a lokacin girma. Magunguna na musamman na tsire-tsire na fure ya dace.
Juyawar wucewar Passiflora	An ba da shawarar sauyawa sau da yawa fiye da kowane shekaru 2-3. Lokacin da ya dace shi ne Afrilu.
Kiwo	Sake bugun yana faruwa ta hanyar yan itace, antennae, tsaba.

Babban fasali na girma soyayyar sha'awa a cikin ƙaunar hasken rana da zafi, tsoron ƙaƙƙarfan zane da kuma buƙatar tallafi. Idan babu isasshen hasken, shuka zai yi hanzari ya daina fure kuma ya rasa tasirin ado. Dole ne a kasance da iska mai kyau a cikin ɗakin da tsiririn mura, amma a lokaci guda ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga iska mai ƙarfi.

Liana za a iya girma a cikin kwantena mai rataye, ya dace don ƙirƙirar filayen fure, kwanduna da sauran kayan haɗin.

Don tabbatar da mafi kyawun fure, ban da haske da danshi, ana buƙatar pruning akai. A ƙarshen zamani mai lalacewa, ana fitar da harbe-harbe, an cire waɗancan shekarar da ta gabata, babu furanni a kansu a sabuwar shekara.

Kulawar Passiflora a gida. Daki-daki

Hawan furannin ruwa

Abubuwan ban sha'awa na ban mamaki, manyan, furanni masu haske sune abubuwan sha'awar shahararrun mutane. Kulawar gida baya buƙatar ƙwarewa na musamman, babban yanayin shine haske mai yawa. Sa'an nan kuma shuka zai yi farin ciki a duk lokacin bazara tare da adadi mai yawa na fure da canzawar kullun ɗayan bayan wani.

Ya danganta da nau'ikan, furanni Passiflora mai sau biyar, suna kama da babbar rigar da ke cikin tsari, na iya samun ja mai haske, ruwan hoda, shunayya, shuɗi, launin fari. Baya ga asalin filayen, ana kafa ƙarin kambi na zaren a toho, wanda ya bambanta da launi daga babba. A tsakiyar wannan “tauraro” mai haske 5 stamens da pestle mai girma dabam girma flaunt.

Yawancin nau'ikan sha'awar sha'awa suna ba da ƙanshi mai ban sha'awa, mai ban sha'awa. Lokacin da ake fitar da furanni, 'ya'yan itaciya ake kafawa, wasunsu kuma sune abubuwan ci. A gida, ana iya yin pollination da kansa. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da goga kuma a hankali canja wurin pollen daga wata fure zuwa waccan.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Passiflora a gida yana buƙatar zafi. Mafi ƙarancin alamun a cikin hunturu sune 12-13ºС, mafi girma - 17-18ºС. A lokaci guda, yawan ruwa yana raguwa sosai, kuma an tsayar da spraying.

Mafi yawan zafin jiki a lokacin rani shine 17-25ºС.

Fesa

Passiflora na gida na iya girma a cikin yanayin bushe, amma tsananin girma da fure zai ragu sosai. Sabili da haka, don ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi dacewa, ya wajaba a fesa shi a kai a kai, musamman a kusa da kayan girke-girke, sannan kuma sanya tukunya a cikin pebbles rigar.

Mai nuna isasshen yanayin zafi iska shine bushewar ƙarshen ganye.

Haske

Babban kuma babban yanayin ɗimbin furanni da ke cike da nishaɗi shine isasshen bayyananniyar zuwa hasken rana na akalla awanni 4-5 a rana.

Zai fi dacewa don windows windows, baranda, verandas tare da shading haske. Yankunan yamma da na gabas ma sun dace da namo, amma to ya kamata kar ku dogara da fure mai fure. Ga masu mallakar windows ta arewa, sha'awar tazara ba za ta zama 'yar fari ba, itacen zaitun. Gudun ruwa a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayin ba zai yiwu ba.

A cikin hunturu, yawancin nau'in sha'awar tsirrai suna daina zuwa fure, je zuwa hutawa. Amma akwai wasu nau'ikan da za su iya ci gaba da toho a cikin hunturu, amma saboda wannan dole ne su kasance masu dumin haske da haske.

Watse

Passiflora fure a gida suna shayar da yawansu kuma sau da yawa. Amma ya kamata a guji wuce haddi danshi, don hana tara ruwa mai yawa a cikin kwanon rufi. Wateringarancin ruwa yana wadatuwa tare da raguwa a cikin adadin furanni, wilting, yellowing, ko ganye gaba ɗaya. Amma waɗannan alamu ba su bayyana nan da nan, amma tare da saɓani na tsarin yanayin kulawa.

A cikin hunturu, idan zazzabi a cikin dakin ya wuce 20-24C, ba a rage yawan tsire tsire sosai.

Passiflora ƙasa

Ya kamata a bayar da fifiko ga abubuwan hade da aka shirya don tsire-tsire fure: begonias, lemun tsami, senpolia. Ka wadatar da su da takin zamani. Shouldasa ta zama tsaka tsaki ko ɗan ɗanɗano acidic, rijiya mai daɗi.

Kuna iya shirya substrate da kanka. Tushen shine ƙasa ƙasa, humus, yashi, da turf an ƙara da shi. Daidai dace da tsarin narkar da hydroponics.

Taki da taki

Tare da farkon lokacin girma, ana shawarar passiflora da takin. A saboda wannan, kowane ma'adinai ma'adinai ko saman kayan miya ya dace. A lokacin da ake aiki fure, shuka yana buƙatar shirye-shirye tare da adadin mai yawa a cikin abun da ke ciki. Takin yana faruwa sau biyu a wata.

Juyawar wucewar Passiflora

Furen yana buƙatar juyawa a kowace shekara 2-3 a watan Afrilu. Amma kar a ƙara girman tukunya. Wannan ba zai kawar da buƙatar sake dasawa ba kuma zai tsokani haɓakar tushen tsarin a cikin ƙasa. Passiflora ba zai yi fure ba a wannan lokacin. Capacityaramin ƙarfi ya dace da shi.

A kewayen tukunya, ya zama dole a shirya goyan baya wanda liana zata ja da girma. In ba haka ba, zai jingina duk wasu abubuwan da ke kewaye da shi wadanda ya same shi a hanya. Mafi kyawun zaɓi don tallafi shine tsani da aka yi da bamboo ko filastik, zoben ƙarfe.

Twaƙƙarfan itace da ɗanɗano ya bushe ya zama mai ƙarfi a matsayin tallafi da ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen fure mai ban sha'awa, amma ya kamata a sabunta su kowace shekara.

Yadda za a datsa passiflora?

Passiflora yana buƙatar a datsa a kai a kai. A farkon lokacin bazara, ana cire waɗancan shekarar bara kuma lashes ɗin da suka girma lokacin hunturu suna gajarta. Gabaɗaya shuka shine sama da rabi. Duk tsawon lokacin girma, ya zama dole don yanke iri da kuma rashin hankali, harbe marasa ganye. Trimming shine 3-5 cm daga gindi.

Ba lallai ba ne don rage Liana da yawa, wannan na iya haifar da lalata ɓangaren tushen tsarin.

Lokacin hutawa

Halin passiflora a cikin hunturu ya dogara da nau'in shuka. Ga ire-iren waɗannan nau'ikan da suka daina fure da sauke ganye, ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai gamsarwa don shakatawa. Daga tsakiyar kaka har zuwa ƙarshen hunturu, an barsu cikin wuri mai kyau a zazzabi na 15-18C, ana shayar da su tazara kuma ware aikace-aikacen taki.

Yaɗa Passiflora

Yaduwar shuka yana faruwa ta hanyoyi da yawa.

Yaɗa Passiflora ta yanke

Yanke daga farkon zuwa tsakiyar lokacin rani, matattarar ganye tare da ganyayyaki 2-3 ana nutsuwa cikin ruwa don makonni 2-4 kuma yana ba da kyakkyawar hasken rana da hasken wakar. A wannan lokacin, zai ɗauki tushe. Baya ga ruwa, ana aiwatar da aikin dasa a cikin cakuda yashi-peat.

Kafin dasa, ƙarshen cuttings an share, shafa itace ash da stimulator na tushen samuwar. Bayan nutsar da makama, ana shayar da ƙasa, an rufe ta da polyethylene kuma an bar ta a wani wuri mai ɗumi a zazzabi na 21-26ºС zuwa kwanaki 25-35. A baya can, ana iya ƙara tushe a cikin substrate.

Don hanzarta samuwar Tushen zai taimaka dumama ƙasan tukunyar tare da rikewa, zaku iya amfani da karamin kananzir. A duk tsawon lokacin dasa tushen, ana buɗe polyethylene lokaci-lokaci don samun iska, ana shayar da ƙasa, kuma an yayyafa ƙwayar ta da ruwa mai ɗumi.

Girma Passiflora daga Tsaba

Dasa tsaba ana yin su ne a ƙarshen hunturu. An riga an shafa su tare da sandpaper ko kuma an shafe su tsawon sa'o'i 20-24 a cikin ruwan lemun tsami. Sa'an nan kuma an sanya tsaba a cikin cakuda dangane da ƙasa, yashi, humus da peat, ana shayar da su, an rufe shi da gilashi kuma a bar su a cikin ɗumi a zazzabi na 23-25 ° C na tsawon makonni 3-4. A wannan lokacin, da tsaba tsiro. Seedlings tare da ganye guda biyu suna shirye don ɗaukar.

Cutar da kwari

Wadannan alamu na nuna alamun lalacewar yanayin lafiyar passiflora:

Passiflora bar murza mage, zama taushi - shuka yana da sanyi;
Ganyayyaki Passiflora sun zama rawaya kuma sun faɗi - dalilin rashin zafin jiki ne, karancin ruwa;
Shawarwarin ganye na Passiflora sun bushe - Passiflora ya rasa yanayin zafi ko ruwa;
Passiflora yana girma a hankali - karancin abinci mai gina jiki ko hasken mara kyau;
Passiflora baya fure - karamin haske, wuce haddi a cikin takin, babban tukunya ne;
Rotting mai tushe - wuce haddi watering.

Yana iya faruwa cewa bayan siyan sha'awar, sai ta jefar da furanni duka. Waɗannan sune sakamakon damuwa. Bayan wani lokaci, shuka zai sake yin fure.

Bugu da ƙari ga cututtuka, mura sun kasance mai saukin kamuwa da mamayewar kwari: aphids, ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo, fararen fata, thrips.

Iri Passiflora na gida tare da hoto da sunaye

Passiflora shuɗi

Mafi yawan unpreentious da tartsatsi irin vines, kai 9 m tsawon. Yana blooms daga farkon bazara zuwa ƙarshen kaka, buds suna da yawa, har zuwa 10 cm, fari ko shuɗi.

Canjin Passiflora

Mai tushe da ganyayyakin wannan nau'in an rufe su da m Furanni suna da yawa, cm 5 cm a ciki, fararen fata, shuɗi, ruwan hoda, tabarau masu launin shuɗi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari

Tsarin mura

Ofaya daga cikin jinsuna mafi girma tare da itacen inabi mai ƙarfi da furanni masu haske mai haske har zuwa cm 12. Yana fure furanni sosai kuma suna da yawa, amma cikin dumin dumi da isasshen haske. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna da ƙanshi mai daɗin faɗi.

Passiflora nama ja

Fasali mara misaltuwa. Tana da kayan warkarwa, ana amfani dashi wajen samin wasu abubuwan maye. Yana da ikon kawar da ciwo da jijiyoyin jiki, kawar da rashin bacci, juyayi, daidaita karfin jini, da sanyaya zuciya. Yana girma har zuwa mita 10. Furanni na iya samun launuka daban-daban.

Ciyar mai kauri

Ya bambanta a cikin wancan bayan pollination, an samar da 'ya'yan itace mai ci a kanta -' ya'yan itace so. Blossoms a cikin babbar, kyakkyawa, fararen fure har zuwa 7 cm tare da adon shuɗi. A gida, ana samun fruitsa byan ta ta hanyar pollination na wucin gadi, plantingan shekaru bayan dasa. Akwai nau'ikan pollinating na kansu, su ma sun dace da gida.