Saintpaulia - kulawa ta gida, haifuwa, hoto

Iyalin Gesneriaceae sun hada da nau'ikan 3200. Wakilinsa mai haske shine Saintpaulia (Saintpaulia) (uzambar violet). Al'adar gargajiya ce da ta shahara sosai.

Florists a karo na farko ya jawo hankali ga senpolia na daji a ƙarshen karni na 19. An kawo su Turai daga Gabashin Afirka. Daga nan masanin ilimin kimiyyar kere-kere na kasar Jamus Wenland ya ba da bayanin tsirrai da kuma ware su a cikin wata kebantacciyar halittar. Nan da nan bayan wannan, an gabatar da violet din a wasannin fure na kasa da kasa a garin Ghent na kasar Beljiyam. Daga nan ne aka fara zabin al'adu.

Dukkan wakilan halittar Saintpaulia sune perennials ciyawa. Tsire-tsire suna dafewa da karami: adon tsinkaye ba ya wuce 20 cm, diamita - 35-40 cm. Ganye masu launin fata suna fitowa da ƙananan villi. Tushen faranti suna da kamannin zuciya, da asymmetric. Launinsu na iya zama uniform (kore mai duhu) ko tabo.

An san Senpolia ta hanyar haɓaka mai sauri. Tsawon rayuwa shine shekaru 3-4, sannan halayen kayan ado sun ɓace. Irin waɗannan samfuran ana sake farfadowa ta hanyar girke-girke. Blooms Uzambara violet kusan ci gaba.

M Properties na Saintpaulia

Shirye-shiryen daga shuka suna kara kayan kwalliya: sun sami damar taimakawa haushi, da warkas da kananan fasa a fata, da kuma kara karfin ta. Ana amfani da faranti na Leaf don kula da kuraje. Ana amfani da man mai mahimmancin ƙona turare don ƙirƙirar ƙanshin abinci. Abincin violet yana taimakawa tare da mashako, tarin ƙwayoyin cuta, atherosclerosis.

Kula da Senpolia a gida. A takaice

Al'adar ta tabbatar da kanta a matsayin mara ma'ana. Idan kuna da ƙwarewa na yau da kullun, koda ma farkon farawa zai sami damar bunkasa shi. Domin senpolia ta sami kwanciyar hankali a gida, dole ne a lura da sigogi da yawa.

Abubuwan buƙatun asali (bayanin kula):

Amfanin Uzambara violet shine rashin bukatar yin girki. Suna zuwa hanya idan faranti ganye masu rauni suka bayyana a kan senpolia, idan akwai lalacewa ta inji, haka kuma don samun sababbin tsire-tsire.

Kula da Senpolia a gida. Daki-daki

Yawancin lambu suna tattara korafe-korafen abubuwan aikinsu. Ana gabatar da sabbin nau'ikan al'adu kusan kullun; har ma akwai salo ga wasu sahabbai. Menene ya zama dole ga senpolia na gida don ci gaba da faranta wa mai shi rai tare da bayyanar sababbinnn furanni masu ban sha'awa? Bari muyi cikakken bayani game da bukatun shuka na microclimate.

Fure na Saintpaulia

Tsarin ƙarfin tsari ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar canza matakin haske. Tare da hasken rana mai yawa, sinadarin 'Uzambara' zai iya samar da ciyawar kullun. Koyaya, wannan shi ne cike da rauni daga cikin shuka. Sabili da haka, an ba da shawarar ku matsa tukunyar zuwa wurin da aka girgiza sau ɗaya a shekara don watanni 1.5-2 don tabbatar da hutawa na Senpolis.

Yawancin nau'ikan iri daban-daban ba su ba da izinin kwatankwacin bayyanar al'adun. Akwai samfurori biyu tare da furanni masu sauƙi, wanda ya ƙunshi fure 5, da samfurori tare da fure mai fure. Suna iya zama monophonic ko haɗuwa da tabarau da yawa.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Furen Saintpaulia a gida ya fi son zafi. A lokacin rani, zazzabi na cikin gida ya kamata ya kasance 22-25 ˚C, a cikin hunturu - kimanin 19 ˚C. Dankin ya mayar da tsananin talauci ga tsananin zafi: a irin wannan lokacin, zai iya dakatar da fure gaba daya.

Ba za a iya fitar da violet din a cikin sararin sama ba. A cikin lokacin dumi, an ba da tukwane don motsawa zuwa loggia mai walƙiya ko baranda. A wannan yanayin, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa an kiyaye senpolia daga zane-zane.

Fesa

Al'adar tana son iska mai laushi. Koyaya, farantin ganye na ganye ba sa yin haƙuri da ruwa. Sabili da haka, ba shi yiwuwa a ban ruwa wata shuka daga bindiga mai feshi: wannan zai haifar da lalata.

Don kula da sigogi a matakin akalla 55%, Ya wajaba don sanya kwantena tare da furanni a cikin kwando waɗanda ke cike da rigar sphagnum ko ƙaramin yumɓu da aka faɗa. A wannan yanayin, ba za ku iya cire miya a ciki wanda aka sanya tukwane ba. Zaka iya siyar da humidifier na masana'antu kuma ka kunna shi lokaci-lokaci.

Wutar Saintpaulia

Don violet, sanya jeri a kan windows na kudu yana ɗaukar hoto. Farantin ɗin takardar a ƙarƙashin irin wannan yanayi zai tanƙwara waje da curl. Dankin yana haɓaka mafi kyau lokacin da ake a gefen yamma ko gefen gabas. Mafi kyau duka lokacin hasken rana shine awa 12.

Senpolia yana iya jurewa inuwa, saboda haka yana da ikon yin fure lafiya ko da akan taga na arewa. Idan tare da irin wannan fassarar fure kadan ya bayyana, za a shigar da ƙarin tushen hasken (phytolamp).

Idan kuna da kayan da suka dace, zaku iya girma Saintpaulia a gida har ma a cikin zurfin cikin gidan.

Idan petioles na ganye suna tsawaita, kuma faranti da kansu suka ɗauki matsayi a tsaye, yakamata a ƙara ƙaruwa da hasken.

Watse

Don moisturize, yi amfani da taushi, zauna don ruwa kwanaki 3-4 a zazzabi a ɗakin. Wasu masu girbi sun gwammace mai ɗanɗano ko tace. A lokacin rani, ana aiwatar da hanya a kowace rana, a cikin hunturu - sau 2 a mako.

Ana shayar da ruwan kwandon lokacin da farjinta ya bushe. Ana iya yin wannan ta hanyoyi guda biyu: yin amfani da karamin ruwa na iya ko ta sanya tukunyar a cikin kwandon ruwa na minti 20-25. A farkon lamari, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa saukad bai faɗi akan ganyayyaki ba. Yana da mahimmanci don hana turɓaɓɓiyar danshi a cikin akwati furen.

Saintpaulia ƙasa

Don shirya ƙasa, kuna buƙatar Mix:

• 1 sashi yashi;
• 3 sassan peat;
• 5 sassa na ganye humus.

Kuna iya siyan kayan da aka gama a cikin shagon.

Abubuwan da ke cikin ɗimbin yawa don narkar da senpolia ba za su yi aiki ba. Wajibi ne a zaɓi Firayim Minista na musamman don violet.

Taki da taki

A cikin yanayin halitta, shuka yana zaune akan kasa mai narkewa, wanda ke da fewan abubuwan gina jiki da abubuwan abubuwan ganowa. Saboda haka, ba za a iya dauke ku da ciyarwa ba. A cikin hunturu, an dakatar da hanyoyin, sake dawo da su a ƙarshen Afrilu. Ya kamata a guji tumatir na takin gargajiya da ya hada da sinadarin nitrogen.

Don senpolii wanda ya dace yana nufin "Kemira-Lux." Lokacin dilging miyagun ƙwayoyi, ana ƙara ƙarin ruwa sau 2 fiye da yadda umarnin ke buƙata. Ana yin riguna na sama 1 lokaci a cikin makonni 2-2.5. Tsarin takin gargajiya kamar “nama” ruwa, shayarwar shayi baza ayi amfani da shi ba: wannan yana taimakawa bayyanar sauro na ganye (sciarides) akan akon.

Canjin Saintpaulia

Don karamin shuka, kwantena tare da diamita na 6-7 cm ya dace, don balagagge - kusan 12 cm. Idan kayi amfani da manyan gabbai, ci gaban tushen tsarin zai fara, wanda hakan zai shafi fure. Ana aiwatar da hanyar sau ɗaya a shekara, gabaɗaya abubuwan canzawa. Wani matsakaici da aka faɗaɗa daga yumɓu ya kafa a ƙasan tukunyar.

An cire ƙurar ƙasa a hankali daga bangon tank, sannan an cire tsire. Tushen an warware daga sauran abubuwa na duniya, cire dunƙulen gutsutsuren. Idan samfirin ya nuna alamun cutar, zaku iya nutsad da tushen don mintuna 5-7 a cikin maganin potassiumgangan.

Mai jan tsami

Kulawa da senpolia a gida ya hada da gwajin rigakafin yau da kullun na sassan iska. Dry ko kayan lalacewa da ke ƙasa an yanke su tare da kayan aiki mai lalata.

Wasu lambu suna cire faranti "ƙarin" don yin shuka su zama mai fasali. A wasu halayen, senpolia baya buƙatar datsa.

Lokacin hutawa

Usambara violet shine perennial shekara. Ba ta taɓa ganyayyaki, saboda haka ba ta da lokacin hutawa. Senpolia yana da gajerun rashi ne kawai tsakanin tsintsin furanni. A irin waɗannan lokutan, yana yiwuwa a samar da shading ga amfanin gona da ɗan rage shayarwa: godiya ga wannan, ƙarin buds zai kasance daga baya.

Saintpaulia kiwo

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don samun sabbin halaye.

Saintpaulia yaduwa ta hanyar ganye mai ganye

Tare da taimakon ganyen ganye. A saboda wannan, an yanyan farantin tare da wuka mai rauni tare da petiole, barin tsawon 4-5 cm .. An yayyafa rauni tare da carbon da aka kunna. Hakanan ana ƙara foda a ruwa, a cikin abin da za'a sanya guntun tsiro na shuka (kwamfutar hannu 1 a kowace gilashin ruwa). Tushen farko zai bayyana a makonni 2.5-3. Bayan wannan, an dasa peran a cikin ƙananan tukwane kuma an rufe shi da polyethylene na makonni 1-2.

Girma na Saintpaulia daga tsaba

A tsaba. An zaɓi tsire-tsire na farko waɗanda basu da alamun cutar cuta. Don haka laushi mai taushi yana gudanar da tsaran kwayoyin halitta. A saboda wannan, ana canza launin pollen daga samfuran guda ɗaya zuwa pistils na wani. Bolls cikakke sosai a cikin watanni 4. Don dasa tsararren da aka fitar, an hada da saman. Abubuwan sun haɗu da yashi kuma aka rarraba a ƙasa ba tare da yayyafa shi ba. An rufe kwanon da gilashi kuma sanya shi a cikin wurin dumi. Ana ɗaukar hoto lokacin da aka inganta dutsen sosai.

Mataki-yaduwa

Matakai. Domin su bayyana, an cire aya daga cikin tsiron. Bayan ɗan lokaci, harbe 'ya mace girma. Lokacin da suka kai 4-5 cm a diamita, an rarrabe su kuma a sanya su cikin kwantena.

Cutar da kwari

Senpolias ba mai tsayayya da cututtuka ba. Koyaya, tare da rigakafin da suka dace, suna iya samun nasarar samun lafiya daga bala'i.

Kwari da arachnids

An gano nau'in kwaro ta hanyar alamun halayyar (alamu).

Mafi na kowa:

• fararen auduga-kamar plaque a kan yanke senpolia yana bayyana lokacin da cin nasarar mealybugs;
• furanni masu saurin bushewa da furanni masu launin shuɗi akan ganye lura yayin wani hari by California thrips;
• ganyen ganyen senpolia da ya shude da villi akan faranti suna tsawaita, idan mites cyitesen sun zauna a kan shuka.

Ana amfani da magungunan kashe kwari don kawar da cututtukan fata. A cikin maganar ta ƙarshe, magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin acaricidal na iya taimakawa.

Cututtuka

Dalilin waɗannan yanayin shine yawanci saboda kulawa mara kyau. Mafi sau da yawa, masu girbi na fure suna lura da violet:

• Saintpaulia baya fure - saboda wuce haddi nitrogen a cikin ƙasa ko rashin hasken wuta;
• aibobi a ganyen saintpaulia - sakamakon ban ruwa tare da ruwan sanyi, bayyanar zanawa, hasken rana kai tsaye;
• saukarwa da ganyen ganye - tare da waterlogging ko bushewa da substrate;
• wilting ba a buɗe buds ba - saboda ƙarancin zafi na iska;
• sara tsakiyar ganyen fita - tare da bushe iska ko hasken wuce haddi;
• gefuna na ganyen saintpaulia bushe- sakamakon sutturar saman miya mai saukin kamuwa;
• farin plaque akan sassan iska Saintpaulia - tare da kamuwa da cuta ta fungal ("mildew powdery");
• yellowing ko redness na ganye - sakamakon karancin abinci mai gina jiki;
• ganye lalata - saboda yawaitar cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na marigayi.

Yakamata a bincika kullun don alamun cututtuka. Lokacin da aka gano waɗannan, ana fara amfani da magani nan da nan don guje wa mutuwar shuka.

Idan kana buƙatar tafiya hutu

Fiye da kwana biyu, barin senpolia ba da shawarar ba. Zato dogon rashi, kuna buƙatar tambayar wani don shayarwa da ruwa lokaci-lokaci kuma ku kula da matsayin zafi a cikin ɗakin. Hakanan kulawa ya kamata ya haɗa da aikace-aikacen takin zamani.

Idan babu mataimaki, kuma tashi ba makawa, zaku iya ba da tukwane da tsarin ban ruwa mai ban ruwa.

Iri mahaifan gida

Saboda nau'ikan iri iri, zaɓin violet a cikin shagunan fure yana da faɗi sosai. Yi la'akari da mafi shahararrun jinsin yau.

Zuciya mai Ban tsoro

Tumbin yana da ingantaccen fitarwa. Ganyen yana da kauri, kore mai arziki. A gefukan faranti suna ta birgima, farin cikin su ya zama ja. Furannin suna da kashi biyu, furanni masu ruwan hoda masu launin shuɗi.

Tsakar dare Frolik (Tsakar dare fun)

Bambancin dabam: faranti kore tare da farin aibobi a gefuna. Wani sako-sako da yake kwance yakai diamita na 40 cm. Petioles na ganye suna da tsawo. Tsarin gashi na gashi kawai a cikin shekaru 2-3 na rayuwa. Petals masu launin shuɗi-shunayya ne.

Tsakar dare

Violet tare da furanni mai launin shuɗi biyu tare da iyaka mai launin shuɗi. Ruwan yana a bayyane, kore. Cikakkiyar hanya takan zama mai ɗaure da ƙima. A iri-iri ne sosai lush da dogon fure.

Kissing Bandit

Furannin furannin suna terry ko Semi-biyu, Lilac-blue. Abubuwan da aka buɗe sun isa diamita of 6 cm. Fushin yana da haske, koren duhu. Hanyar fita yana da girma, yaduwa.

Harry Potter

Fusoshin kore ne, mai narkewa, kanti yana da kyau da ƙima. Ana shirya shinge na ƙasa da farin iyaka. Tsawon shekarun kowane fure kusan watanni 2 ne.

Cupidon (Cupid)

Furen furanni, matasan furanni fari ne ko masu ruwan hoda, gefuna sune ruwan lemo-kore. Plain faranti a bayyane tare da gefuna wavy. Siffar waje babban, m. A iri ne halin da farkon farko na fure.

Girgiza Kai

Budsosos ɗin da yake hade da manyan suna da yawa, abubuwan karafa suna kusa da ginin suna burgundy, gefen gefen suna da shunayya, ƙyallen fararen fari fari. Flow ba ya wadatarwa, amma tsayi. Ganyen suna duhu kore, wavy kadan.

Bayan bincika abubuwan da ake buƙata don kula da furanni na violet, yana da sauƙi don guje wa kurakurai na yau da kullun. Lokacin ƙirƙirar microclimate da madaidaiciya da rigakafin dacewa na cututtuka, wannan tsire-tsire zaiyi farin ciki da kyawawan furanni kusan duk shekara.