Yadda ake shuka blackberry: tarihin al'adu, fasahar noma, kariya daga cututtuka da kwari

Blackberry dangi ne na kusa da sanannun raspberries, amma a cikin lambunan mu ba ma gama gari ba. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sababbin nau'ikan blackberry masu samar da ƙwayoyi masu yawa sun bayyana, wanda ya tayar da sha'awar yawancin lambu a cikin wannan amfanin gona. Don samun amfanin gona mai kyau na Berry a kowace shekara, kuna buƙatar zaɓar nau'ikan da suka dace da yankin kuma ku kula da shi daidai.

Tarihin Kare Blackan Turanci

Tun daga tarihi, yan adam sunyi amfani da blackberries don abinci. Bushesan daji da aka kwarara tare da ƙananan m berries sun kasance masu yawa. Amma a lokaci guda, blackberry ta kasance itace mai daɗewa har tsawon lokaci.

Kuma kawai a cikin 1833, wani ɗan Amurka mai ba da izini, William Kenrick ya buga wata kasida game da blackberries a cikin Shahararren lambun Amurka ta Amurka Ya yi mamakin cewa berries masu kima da haɓaka mai tsayi ba su sami wuri tare da lambu ba. Nan ba da daɗewa ba, farkon nau'in blackberries tare da berries mai kyau sun bayyana a Arewacin Amurka, kuma ya zuwa 1919 kadada dubu 21 da aka rarraba don dasa bishiran bishiyoyi. Har yanzu, ana barnatar da blackberry a Amurka a cikin wurare masu yawa, ta amfani da berries don sabbin tallace-tallace da kuma sarrafa masana'antu.

Blackberry cultivars ya bambanta da siffofin iyayen daji na daji a cikin berries mai girma kuma mai laushi.

A cikin Rasha, aikin farawa na farawa na farawa ne kawai a cikin karni na ƙarshe. Wanda ya fara lura da alkawarin narkar da blackberry I.V. Michurin. Ya dauki nau'ikan Amurka biyu - Logano da Lucretia - kuma dangane da su ya kirkiro sabon nau'in blackberries wanda yafi tsayayya da yanayin gida. Sakamakon aikin kiwo mai saƙa a cikin 1904-1908, nau'in Rasha ta farko ya bayyana:

• Texas
• Ja;
• Gabas
• Da yawa;
• Enorm;
• Lucretia da aka sabunta;
• Uraniya.

A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan blackberries iri da aka horar, sun fi yawa a Amurka da Yammacin Turai. A cikin CIS, kimanin nau'ikan dozin biyu suna girma waɗanda suka fi dacewa da yanayin sanyi. Amma ya zuwa yanzu abubuwa uku ne kawai aka hada a cikin Rajistar Jiha na Rukunin gida.

Tebur: nau'in Blackberry a cikin Rijistar ofwararrun Sakamakon Jiha

Babban matakan fasahar kere kere

Kulawar Blackberry ya haɗa da shayarwa na yau da kullun, takin zamani, pruning na bushes, gwargwadon kariya daga cututtuka da kwari. Yawancin cultivars suna buƙatar tsari don hunturu.

Dasa blackberry

Blackberry seedlings girma a cikin kwantena za a iya canjawa wuri zuwa wurin dindindin a kowane lokaci. Tsire-tsire masu tsarin tushen buɗe suna shan wahala daga yanayin zafi da rashin danshi. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a shuka su a cikin kaka ko farkon bazara.

Tare da ingantaccen namo, blackberry ya fara kawo 'ya'ya sosai a shekara ta biyu bayan an dasa shuki

Zaɓin wuri don Berry

Lokacin zabar wani wuri don dasawa, ya zama dole la'akari da halaye na shuka:

• Blackberry maƙwabci ne mai zaluntar juna, ciyawarta suna girma cikin hanzari. Kuna buƙatar dasa tsire-tsire a nesa na 1-2 m daga juna, saboda ya dace don girbi. Yana da mahimmanci musamman a shigar da kusan rabin mita daga gefen shinge.
  

  Berriesan itacen oak yana ba da zuriya mai yawa, saboda haka kuna buƙatar barin indents a kusa da bushes
• Dankin yana da hoto, amma zai ba da 'ya'ya a inuwa m. Koyaya, rashin hasken rana koyaushe na iya haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin ƙasa. Sabbin harbe-harbe zasu shimfiɗa kuma suka girma muni, kuma wannan koyaushe yana rage juriya ga tsire-tsire.
• Al'adar ba ta yi haƙuri da ƙasa mai laushi, sabili da haka, ba shi yiwuwa a rarrabe ƙananan ƙasashe saboda shi ko dusar ƙanƙara ta kasance na dogon lokaci bayan tsawan ruwan sama. Ruwa na ƙasa a cikin irin wannan ɓangaren ya kamata ya kasance a cikin zurfin ba ƙasa da mita ɗaya ba.
• A cikin hunturu, blackberries na iya lalacewa ta hanyar sanyi. Don adana bushes, zaɓi wani shafi wanda ke da kariya daga iska kuma hasken rana ya haskaka shi.
  

  A cikin yankuna da hasken rana, blackberry harbe suna girma sosai kuma sanyi basu da lalacewa.

• Carbonate kasa inda shuka zai sha wahala da rashin magnesium kuma ya kamata a guji ƙarfe.
• Ganyayyaki da lemo na iya zama magabata na gari don baƙar fata.

Ana shirya kasar gona domin dasa shuki

Wurin saukarwa mafi kyau an shirya shi gaba. Zurfin ramin ya kamata ya zama 35-45 cm, saboda tsarin tushe na iya dacewa da yardar kaina. Game da wata daya kafin dasa shuki a cikin shirye cikin rami sa:

• guga na humus ko takin;
• gilashin ash;
• 100-130 g na superphosphate;
• 60 g na potassium sulfate.

Duk waɗannan kayan haɗin suna hade da saman filayen ƙasa na sama don ramin ya cika rabin cika. Tare da babban matakin ƙasa na acidity, dole ne a kara lemun tsami.

Bidiyo: yadda ake dasa blackberry

Shuka abincin

Kamar sauran amfanin gona Berry, blackberries don kyawawan 'ya'yan itace suna buƙatar:

• babban abubuwan sune nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium;
• abubuwan ganowa - selenium, magnesium, boron, alli, jan karfe da zinc.

A lokacin bazara, masu noman Berry suna buƙatar kayan miya na saman nitrogen. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da nitonium nitrate ko urea don wannan dalili, yayin da takin mai magani ke warwatse ko'ina a cikin bushes. Ana amfani da takin zamani da takin mai magani a cikin bazara. Ana ɗaukar wasu abubuwa na shuka daga abubuwan da aka gabatar da kwayoyin halitta da ciyawa (humus, peat, takin).

Gaban Hoto: Takin tsire-tsire na Blackberry

Yawancin kwararrun 'yan lambu suna ciyar da dasa blackberry kawai tare da tarkacewar shuka wanda ke tsiro lokacin da aka datse daji. An murkushe su kuma suka bazu ko'ina cikin kara.

Bidiyo: yadda ake ciyar da blackberry a bazara

Blackberry pruning

A peculiarity na blackberry shi ne cewa 'ya'yan itãcen an daura a kan ci gaban bara. Don kula da babban yawan kayan aiki na dogon lokaci, kuna buƙatar kulawa da Berry a kai a kai. Blackberry pruning zai fi aikata sau biyu a shekara. A cikin kaka, ana yin babban girki, kuma a farkon lokacin bazara, ana cire harbe mai sanyi. Babban ab advantagesbuwan amfãni na girbi na kaka sune:

• thinned plantings sun fi sauki tsari ga hunturu;
• pruning na matasa rassan stimulates fruiting a cikin na gaba kakar;
• cire wuce haddi harbe-kere yana inganta daji;
• sanyi juriya yana ƙaruwa.

Fasaha don shuka wannan amfanin gona ya yi kama da dabarun noma na rasberi:

1. A cikin bazara, ana dasa bishiyoyin frigid a matakin ƙasa.
   

   Ya kamata a cire rassan blackberry da aka ware a cikin bazara.

2. 3-4 bushes na ƙarfi harbe yawanci ana barin kan bushes, sauran cire.
3. Hakanan wajibi ne don cire tukwici masu rauni da lalacewa akan harbe-harbe matasa.

Idan kuna da gyaran blackberry na girma, to zaku iya murɗa kullun don hunturu, kamar raspberries na gyaran, amma akwai damar cewa amfanin gonar bazai sami lokacin shuka ba shekara mai zuwa. Lokacin sayen seedlings a cikin gandun daji, tabbatar don tambaya game da hanyar da ta dace don haɗa nau'ikan.

Bidiyo: gonar bazara blackberry

Kariya daga cututtuka da kwari

Blackberry kwanan nan kawai an "rubuta" a cikin lambunanmu, kuma har yanzu babu wani ingantaccen tsarin kariya na wannan amfanin gona. Rasberi da blackberries suna da kwari da yawa gama gari, don haka lambu ke amfani da tsare-tsaren da aka daɗe ana gwada su a kan tsire-tsire irin rasberi.

A cikin bazara, don kare blackberries daga cututtuka da kwari, ana aiwatar da ayyukan gaba ɗaya:

• Daga anthracnose, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen Chistoflor da Agrolekar.
• Daga lalacewa mai launin toka yana taimakawa Tsineb, Euparen.
• Daga irin ƙwaro rasberi da tarko tashi, blackberry bushes ana bi da su tare da Fitoverm, Aktellik ko Akarin.
• Hakanan ana amfani da Fitoverm iri ɗaya ɗaya don kare tsire daga tsire-tsire na gizo-gizo.

Gallery: shirye-shirye don kariya

Mabiyan hanyoyin kare tsire na halitta sun gwammace yin amfani da infusions na ganye.

Tebur: yin jiko na ganye

Yana faruwa cewa a ƙarshen bazara a kan rassan blackberries wilted da lankwasa fi na matasa harbe bayyana. Waɗannan alamu ne na cinye berryar murfin rasberi - kwaro mai haɗari sosai wanda zai iya lalata ɗazuwar ɗan itacen gaba ɗaya.

Rasge gall Midge lalata alama ce ta zama barazana ga daukacin tsiron blackberry

Idan an riga an gano cutar, dole ne kuyi abubuwan da ke tafe:

1. Ya shafa mai tushe ba tausayi yanke da ƙona.
2. Don kada sabbin kwari da kwari ba su zauna a kan lafiyayyun bushes ba, tono ƙasa kuma feshi da maganin Fufanon (20 ml da guga na ruwa).
3. Bugu da kari, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da duk rassan (200-300 ml na bayani a kowace shuka).
   

   Idan blackberry shafi Rasberi gall midges, da lafiya mai tushe da ƙasa a ƙarƙashinsu dole ne a bi da Fufanon

Shirye-shiryen hunturu

Nasarar hunturu na blackberry kai tsaye ya dogara da lokacin dasa, kazalika da shirye-shiryen da ake yi na lokacin bazara na hunturu. Bushes da aka shuka a bazara sun fi iya rayuwa a cikin lokacin bazara mai sanyi.

Irin nau'in lambun Blackberry don cikakken kammala lokacin girma yana buƙatar aƙalla kwanaki 130 tare da yawan zafin jiki na aƙalla + digiri 20.

Ofaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan don nasarar rayuwa shine girbi na kaka da ninkawar bushes. Amma har yanzu, babban abin damuwa game da ƙaunataccen blackberry a cikin fall shine ginin mafaka mai aminci. An sanya su kamar haka:

1. A matsayin mai amfani da hita, ko ciyawa, ko ganyayen masara.
2. An rufe Layer na shuka a saman tare da fim ɗin filastik mai yawa ko spanbond.
   

   Blackberry bushes cire daga goyon bayan an rufe shi da shuka sharan gona da kuma rufe da spanbond daga sama

3. Bayan fitowar dusar ƙanƙara, yana da kyau a sake rufe su da jere na blackberry.

Idan ana buƙata don rufe nau'in blackberryrect, ba shi yiwuwa a lanƙwasa su kai tsaye. A wannan yanayin, dole ne ku shirya wa hanya a kusan wata guda. A watan Satumba, an saka karamin nauyi don kowane harbin tsaye, wanda a hankali ya lanƙwashe rassan zuwa ƙasa.

Bidiyo: shirya blackberry don tsari

Kiwon Blackberry

Kamar raspberries, blackberries za a iya yada shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban:

• ta hanyar tsaba;
• sakawa;
• tushen zuriya;
• kore da lignified cuttings;
• raba daji.

Dasa tsaba

A lokacin yaduwar iri, ba a kiyaye kaddarorin mahaifiyar, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba a adana su. Koyaya, tsire-tsire suna da ƙarfi sosai fiye da ainihin asalin. Don godiya da kyawawan halaye na tsire-tsire matasa, dole ne ku jira lokaci mai tsawo. Sai bayan shekara uku zuwa hudu, blackberry da suka girma daga seedlings na iya bayar da fruitsa firstan farko.

Idan kuna shirin gabatar da seedlingsan matasa matasa zuwa ga abokan ku, kada ku yi sauri! Tabbatar jira don girbin farko da tabbatar da ingancinsa.

Blackberry seedlings suna girma cikin matakai da yawa:

1. Da farko, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar hoto ko ɗaukar ƙwayar. Wannan ya zama dole domin su shuka da kyau.
   

   Don mafi kyawun germination, ana sanya tsaba blackberry a cikin yashi rigar kuma ana kiyaye su a zazzabi na +1 zuwa +4 ° С

2. Sannan an sanya tsaba a cikin ruwan sama na kwana uku.
3. Bayan bayyanar ganye na yara 3-5, ana shuka shuka a cikin ƙasa mai ɗumi.
4. A ƙarshen lokacin da kuke buƙatar rufe rufe shekara tare da bambaro, ganye, gami da kayan rufewa na musamman.
   

   Za'a iya rufe 'ya'yan itacen BlackBerry don hunturu tare da ganye, kayan musamman waɗanda ba saƙa da rassan spruce

Scarification cin zarafi ne game da kwarin. Stratification - adana tsaba a cikin yashi mai laushi ga watanni 1-2 a zazzabi na 1-4 na zafi.

Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar cewa tsire-tsire matasa nan da nan sun karɓi yanayi mafi kyau don girma:

• nisa tsakanin seedlings ya kamata daga 10 zuwa 20 cm;
• dole ne a cire dukkan ciyawa;
• duniya a kewayen isa isan itace koyaushe tana kwance;
• samar da ruwa mai yawa amma sparse.

Da farko na bazara, da girma seedlings ake dug sama da dasawa zuwa m wuri.

Kayan lambu na yaduwa

Hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su don kiwo blackberries sune:

• karɓar kayan dasa daga farawa (apical da a gefe);
• haihuwa daga tushen zuriya.
  

  Daga wannan reshe na tushe zaka iya samun sabbin blackberry bushes

Duk sauran nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu yaduwa ba su da amfani.

Bidiyo: yaduwar blackberry ta yadudduka tushe

Siffofin namo a yankuna

Kuna iya ba da alamun halayen yanayin yanayin halayyar kowane yanki, wanda dole ne a yi la’akari da shi lokacin da ake girma baƙar fata. Amma a cikin yanayin yanayi iri ɗaya, akwai bambance-bambance a wuri (alal misali, wurin yana kan tsauni, kusa da kogi ko cikin ƙasa mai tsayi). Sauran dalilai, kamar shasha, shimfidar shimfidawa, iska mai gudana, da sauransu, suma suna shafar ci gaban shuka.

Al'adun Blackberry a Belarus

A Belarus, nau'ikan daji biyu na blackberry suna girma - launin toka-mai-ƙona (ƙona) da cumanica - da wasu hatsi masu yawa. Lokacin furanni yana daga wannan ƙarshen daga ƙarshen Yuni har zuwa rabin na biyu na Yuli, kuma tumatir ba ya farawa har sai Agusta. Domin blackberry berries na farko iri zuwa ripen, kana bukatar a kalla wata daya da rabi, domin iri daga baya - fiye da watanni biyu. Tsire-tsire suna ba da fruita fruitan itace mafi kyau a kudu ko kudu maso yamma na mãkirci, wanda rana tana haskaka mafi yawan rana.

Garden blackberry blooms profusely kuma na dogon lokaci - kusan har zuwa ƙarshen Yuli

Mafi cutarwa ga blackberries a wannan yankin shine alamar blackberry, kuma cutar da ta fi yawa ita ce taɓar dawar bushes.

Gallery: kwari da cututtuka na blackberry Belarusiya

Blackberry namo a Ukraine

Blackberries a Ukraine suna girma cikin adadi mai yawa. Gardenersan asalin karkara sun fi iya zaɓar wasu nau'ikan ƙarshen da suka girma a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na bazara. Ana girbe berries a cikin yankin a duk watan Satumba. Yada anan shine sama da irin nau'in blackberries.

Amfanin al'ada shine tsayayya da zafi, wanda yake mahimmanci musamman ga kudancin Ukraine. Koyaya, yan lambu na gida sunyi la'akari da rauni mai tsananin hunturu ya zama babban koma-baya na blackberries. Yanayin yanayin Ukraine yana halin yanayin hunturu sosai a wasu shekaru. Amma koda kuwa daskarewa ba su da ƙarfi, iska mai ƙarfi ta hunturu tana da haɗari. A irin wannan yanayi, tsire-tsire na blackberries sau da yawa daskarewa, don haka al'ada tana buƙatar tsari mai mahimmanci.

Blackberry a cikin gari

Masu aikin lambu a Yankin Moscow suna yin gwaji tare da nau'in blackberry tare da babbar sha'awa. Kalawam iri-iri na blackberry suna jin daɗin ƙauna ta musamman, wanda bazara ba tare da matsala ba har ma a cikin arewacin arewacin yankin Moscow.

Blackberry iri-iri Agawam ya kafa kansa amintacce kuma mai jure sanyi.

Idan babu tsananin sanyi, blackberry na iya hunturu da kyau ba tare da tsari ba. Koyaya, ba da yanayin damina na yankin Moscow, wanda bai isa ya dogara da lokacin sanyi ba. Dole ne a rufe sabon nau'in Thorn Free, Black Satin don hunturu mai dogara.

Ofaya daga cikin manyan yanayi don narkar da baƙar fata a cikin gidajen Aljannar yankin Moscow shine wurin da aka sanya shi a cikin sassan mai haske da iska mara iska.

Yadda ake shuka blackberry a Siberiya

Blackberry gandun daji ne na kudanci, kuma galibi bashi da ɗan gajeren lokacin bazara Siberian. Bugu da kari, a Siberiya, al'ada tana kokawa da lokacin sanyi. Lokacin zabar cultivar don girma a Siberiya, ana biyan babban hankalin ga juriyarsa na sanyi. Iri daban-daban sun fi dacewa da yankin:

• Eldorado
• Wanda yake magana
• Erie.
  

  Blackberry iri-iri Erie yana da halin yawan aiki kuma yana jure yanayin yin sanyi sosai.

Mafi qarancin zafin jiki na blackberry zai iya tsayayya ba tare da tsari ba -22 ° C.

Blackberry kiwo a cikin Urals

Abu ne mai yuwuwa a sami adadin blackberries a cikin Urals idan ka zaɓi iri-iri da suka dace. Mafi girma amfanin gona blackberry a cikin Urals an samar da waɗannan nau'ikan:

• Polar
• Ruben;
  

  Blackberry iri-iri Ruben sananne ne don juriyarsa na sanyi, amma baya jure zafin.

• Black Satin.

A Ruben iri-iri, bred kawai 6 da suka wuce, ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman. A daji tare da m rassan, ba tare da kaifi thoits, Bears 'ya'yan itace kafin a farkon hunturu. Amma babban fa'ida shine cewa a cikin yanayin yankin Ural yana da ikon yin tsayayya da ƙarancin zafi.

Lamburan ra'ayoyi

Haka ne, batun mafi mahimmanci game da noman blackberry shine hunturu. Mun girma sabon Ruben iri-iri; dusar ƙanƙara ce mai tsananin sanyi, amma tana iya fuskantar fari fari! 'Ya'yan itãcen su daina kawai a ɗaure. Dole ne mu rufe bushes da net. Idan yankinku yana yin burodi sau da yawa, zaku iya samun kanku wani iri dabam, alal misali, akwai abin dogara - Black Magic.

Marina Kuzanova

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Zai yi wuya a faɗi game da waɗanda aka fi so, akwai da yawa daga cikinsu, manyan tasoshin sune jikoki. Ina matukar son dandana: Doyle, Natchez, Owachita, Loch Ness, Chester, Asterina da sauransu. Amma ya fi wahala tare da juriya sanyi, babu wasu nau'ikan da suka dace, saboda ba shi da girma kuma mai girma kuma cewa ƙanjinmu zai iya jurewa ya kuma ba da 'ya'ya a duk lokacin bazara. Amma yawancin masoya sun yi nasarar dasa blackberries lambu duka a cikin yankin Vladimir da kuma a duk yankuna na Yankin Moscow, dole ne a zaɓi iri don kowane yanki. Akwai nau'ikan da juriya na sanyi, kamar Polar-madaidaiciya, jigilar sanyi da aka bayyana yana zuwa -30, da wuri, Chester shima zuwa -30 amma yayi latti.

Sergey1

//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?t=1352&start=330

Ba zan iya raba ra'ayina na sirri game da dandano na blackberries ba, saboda yanzun nan na dasa shuki, amma masu amfani da dandalin daga Samara, Volgograd, Belarus da Kanada, waɗanda ke da manya manyan itinga bushesan itace da yawa na blackberries (Thornfrey, Evegrin, Doyle, Sylvan, da dai sauransu) da kuma bishiyoyi-blackberry (Boysenberry, Tyberri, da sauransu) n.), yi magana sosai game da dandano da yawan amfanin wannan amfanin gona. Kuma a lokacin, da iri-iri, da kyau, ko ba haka ba?

Alpina

//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?f=31&t=1352

Ana nuna nau'ikan blackberry na zamani ta samfuran girma da kyakkyawan kyakkyawan 'ya'yan itace. Domin kada ya gaza a cikin zaɓin, kula da iri tare da halaye waɗanda suka dace da yanayinku. Blackberry na buƙatar kulawa ta yau da kullun, amma tare da yin riko da fasaha ga aikin gona, yana ba da 'ya'yan itace da kyau kuma kusan cutar ba ta shafe shi ba.