Shuka bishiyar apple: fasalin namo

Itace Apple itace itaciyar itace wacce tafi matukar shahara tsakanin yan lambu. Yawancinsu suna shuka ire-ire iri daya yanzu akan rukuninsu. Godiya ga wannan bambancin, zaku iya tara yawan bitamin na tsawon shekara. A inji shi ne unpretentious da kuma tsayayya wa daban-daban yanayin damina. Zai fi kyau girma itacen apple a cikin tsakiyar layi.

Noma na gargajiya na bishiyoyin apple, a farkon kallo, da alama yana da sauƙi da sauƙi. Amma wannan ba gaba ɗaya gaskiya bane. Don haɓaka itace mai lafiya, mai-da-ƙarfi, dole ne a fara dasa shi bisa ga duk ka'idodi.

Yaushe dasa shuki apple

Ana iya shuka 'ya'yan itace a cikin kaka, bazara da bazara. Kowane lokaci yana da nasarorin da kuma fursunoni. Mai aikin lambu yana buƙatar mai da hankali kan yanayin, shimfidar wuri da halaye iri-iri. A kudu, ana sanya bishiyoyi a cikin ƙasa a cikin fall. Wannan shi ne saboda rashin tsananin sanyi da isasshen ruwan sama. A yankuna na arewacin sun fi son bazara.

Riba ta kaka da fursunoni

Ana yin sa daga Satumba zuwa Nuwamba. An ƙayyade ainihin ranar dangane da yanayin yanayin zafi. Rooting yana tsawon makonni 4-5. Haɓaka tsarin tushen ya ci gaba har sai yawan zafin iska ya sauka ƙasa +4 ° C. Advantagesarin fa'idodin sun haɗa da tsadar seedlings, rashi buƙatar buƙatar yin amfani da ruwa sosai. Rashin dacewar wannan hanyar sun hada da tsananin sanyi, dusar ƙanƙara, iska da ƙwanƙwasa. Dasa cikin lokacin kaka zai iya haifar da mutuwar kananan bishiyoyi. Su, ba kamar tsofaffi ba, suna tsoron ƙananan zazzabi.

A cikin bazara, da ribobi da fursunoni

Seedlings an koma ga kasar gona bayan ta thaws. Wani mahimmin abu shine kasancewar kashin da ba a cika gani ba. Lokacin da sayen tsire-tsire daga abin da suka riga ya yi fure, lokacin zama zai ƙara ƙaruwa sosai. Alamun cututtukan fungal na iya bayyana. Daga cikin ab advantagesbuwan amfãni akwai saurin ci gaban Tushen da kuma rashin buƙatar ajiya na tsawon lokaci. Kafin siyan itace, mai lambun ya samu damar tantance yanayin sa.

Haɗin kai lokacin da aka sayi kayan dasa kayan bazara ba ya bambanta iri-iri. Rashin daidaito ya tashi tare da tsire-tsire, wanda aka buɗe furanninsa kafin a sanya tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa. Yana da Dole a saya da farko iri tun kafin ya kwarara ruwan itace ya fara. Yawancin suna lura cewa masana'antun ba koyaushe suna alamta samfurori ba, saboda haka ƙayyade dangantakar jinsin matsala matsala ce

Dasa seedling a cikin bazara ya kamata a kammala kafin tsakiyar Mayu.

Babban ƙari shine cewa tushen itacen zai faru a yanayin zafi (sanyi lokacin dawo da lokacin sanyi ba mummunan abu bane). A lokacin rani, itacen apple zai girma kuma zai jure lokacin hunturu cikin sauƙi. Sabili da haka, a Siberiya, ana amfani da dasa shuki na bazara kawai.

Yankin rani

Ana amfani da wannan zaɓi idan akwai gaggawa. Kafin dasa shuki, dole ne mai shuki ya sanya takin zamani a cikin ƙasa, ya zubar da makircin da ƙwayoyin kwari, kuma a cire ciyawar ciyawa. Fasaha ta kasance iri ɗaya. Kulawa da yanayin seedling ya kasance mai tsauri fiye da lokacin dasa shuki a wasu lokuta na shekara. Wannan saboda shuka bayan dasawa lokacin bazara bashi da lafiya sosai.

Zaɓin ƙwayar itace bishiyar Apple

Kowane iri-iri yana da halaye na kansa. Ofaya daga cikin mahimman halayen shine tsayayya da sanyi.

1. Daga cikin cikakke akwai: Farin ciki da Farko.
2. Daga cikin nau'ikan tsakiyar kaka, Uralet ya zama sananne musamman. Wadannan apples suna da ƙanshi mai ban sha'awa, haske mai haske, mai daɗi da dandano mai ɗanɗano.
3. Antonovka wakilin marigayi iri ne. Ana iya adanar 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ruwa a cikin dogon lokaci.
4. Mummunan ƙwayar cuta na iya ɗaukar seedlings daga nau'ikan irin su Tsohon soja, Anis fari da Felket.

Zaɓin itace shine matakin farko. Mahimmancinta yana da wuya a ƙara faɗi. Algorithm mai sauki ne:

• Gano irin nau'ikan da suka dace don haɓaka a yankin.
• Tuntuɓi likitancin, idan babu - ga ƙungiyar aikin lambu ko ga tradersan kasuwa masu zaman kansu.
• Sayi seedling. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar ƙididdigar alamomi kamar lokacin 'ya'yan itace, matakin jari, halayen ƙasa, zurfin ruwan ƙasa, shekaru da yanayin yanayin shuka.
• Kudin ya dogara ne akan "fakitin". Tushen tushen za'a iya barin shi a buɗe ko a sanya shi a cikin akwati na musamman. Zaɓin na ƙarshe yana ba da tabbacin danshi da kiyaye aikin.

'Ya'yan itace sun sanya ƙasa da wuri-wuri bayan mallakar don hana mutuwar tushen tsarin bushewa.

Wuri

Zaɓin wuri don itacen apple shine ainihin kayan aiki. Sama shi gaba. Yana da kyau idan bishiyoyi ba su yi girma a da ba. A makircin tuffa itacen seedling dole hadu da wadannan sharudda:

• Kyakkyawan haske.
• Rashin gabatarwa.
• Matakin kasa. Dole ne su wuce sama da 2 m daga farfajiya. Don guje wa lambar da ba a buƙata, ana sanya takardar kwance a ƙasan ramin. Saboda wannan, tsarin tushen zai yi girma zuwa ga bangarorin, amma ba cikin ƙasa ba.
• Nisa tsakanin seedlingsan seedlings akalla 2 m. Tsawon rata ya kamata ya zama daidai da tsayuwar shuka mai girma. Don haka, suna tabbatar da cewa itaciyar ba ta tsoma baki da juna.
• Bambancin. Itace tuffa ana matsayin tsintsiyar tsintsiyar tsintsiyar tsintsiya. A gaban seedlings na da dama iri.
• Wuri Kowane iri daban-daban yana da nasa bukatun. Bai kamata a dasa bishiyun Apple a wuraren kusa da babban hanyar ba. In ba haka ba, a nan gaba, rawanin ba zai zama abin ado ba, amma ya zama cikas.

Kasar

Yawancin itacen apple ya dogara da abun da ke cikin ƙasa. Al'adu na son haske, sako-sako, ƙasa acidic. Yana da kyawawa cewa ya kasance loamy. Matsaloli na iya tashi idan ƙasa tayi ruwa, ko dutse mai tsakuwa. Ya rasa abinci mai gina jiki, ba tare da wanda seedling ba zai iya samun ci gaba al'ada. Saboda wannan dalili, masu lambu ba da shawarar dasa bishiya a maimakon tsohon itacen apple ba. Duniya tana buƙatar hutawa. Don wadatar da ƙasa mai talauci, an haɗu da ita tare da takin gargajiya da takin gargajiya. Daga cikin abubuwanda ake nema shine ash ash da superphosphate.

Rijiyar rami

Wannan shine sunan bacin rai, wanda aka shirya makonni 3-4 kafin a dasa bishiyar apple. Don haka, sun ƙirƙiri yanayi mafi dacewa don seedling. Ramin, diamita wanda shine 1 mita, yana kulawa don dumama da kuma daidaitawa akan lokacin da aka nuna. Ana sanya ƙasa daga kewayon zagaye a cikin kwantena biyu. Za'a iya amfani da daskararren mai. Ana sanya saman m Layer a cikin tari na farko, ƙananan talauci a cikin na biyu.

An yi ganuwar ramin. Zaman zurfinsa an tantance ta yadda aka bunkasa tsarin tushen bishiyar da nau'ikan wanda yake nasa. Gungume yana tsakiyar tsakiyar hutu, diamitarsa ​​yakamata ya zama 5 cm, kuma tsayinsa yakai mita 1.5, saboda ya tashi 40-50 cm sama da ƙasa Wani sashi na tallafin da zai kasance a cikin ƙasa dole ne a ƙone. Wannan ya wajaba don hana hana lalata. An cire dukkanin abubuwan da ba dole ba daga ƙasa da aka samu ta hanyar tono, gami da duwatsu, zuriyar dabbobi, da tushen sa.

Takin

Don ciyar da bishiyoyin apple suna amfani da cakuda ma'adinai da abubuwa na abubuwa. Za'a iya siye sayan da akayi dashi ko kuma da kansa. Lokacin zabar zaɓi na ƙarshen, suna jagorar su ta hanyar asalin ƙasa da matakin pH. Yawanci, takaddun takaddun ya haɗa da humus, gishiri potassium, superphosphate.

Idan kasar gona tana da matukar tasirin acid, ana iya kara 200 g na lemun tsami a cakuda da aka gama.

Yadda za a dasa itacen apple: mataki-mataki umarnin

1. A daren Hawan shuka, an sanya shuka cikin ruwa. Godiya ga wannan, tushen tsarin da tushe za su iya daidaita kai tsaye kuma a cika su da danshi.
2. Kafin aukuwa, an yanke duk harbe da aka shafa daga seedling. Plaque, mold, lalacewa ya kamata ba ya nan.
3. An sanya seedling, yana yada Tushen a kan tudun cikin rami. Sannu a hankali barci da tamp, a hankali girgiza akwati domin babu voids.
4. Don hana fashewa da haɓaka juriya ga iska, an haɗa itacen da goyon baya da aka shirya a baya. Don garter, an ba shi damar amfani da tsummoki na nama mai taushi ko fim.
5. Sannan ya rage don zuba itacen apple a ƙarƙashin tushe. Zai dauki bokiti 3 zuwa 5 na ruwa. Yawan ruwan sha yana dogara ne akan lokacin sauka. Ramin da ya rage bayan an toshe ƙasa an cika shi da mulus ko ciyawa.
6. An dasa shukar shekara-shekara, yana barin 75 cm. A cikin shuka mai shekaru biyu, ana yin gajerun gefen.
7. Bayan seedling yana buƙatar kulawa ta dace. In babu shi, shuka zai iya mutuwa.

Kuskure yayin dasa shukar itacen apple

Daga cikin mafi yawan lokutan kulawa da aka yarda yayin dasa bishiyar apple, akwai:

• Ba daidai ba ne da ƙudiri na matakin tushen wuyan wucin gadi - ana yin saurin girma girma. Haramun ne a cika shi da duniya. Tsakaninsa da ƙasa yakamata ya zama akalla cm 5. In ba haka ba, itacen apple zai yi rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci.
• Lokacin da saukowa a cikin rami wanda ba a riga an shirya shi ba, ƙasa za ta yanke shawara, wanda zai haifar da zurfin zurfin tushen wuya.
• Yawan ruwa mai yawa - microflora tabbatacce ya lalace.
• Take hakkin rabbai a cikin shirye-shiryen hade takin zamani - yunwar oxygen da mutuwar kyallen takarda da ke samar da abinci mai gina jiki.
• Amfani da daskararren ciyawar, wanda zai fitar da ammoniya da sinadarin hydrogen, wanda hakan zai cutar da plantan shuka.
• Rashin tallafi - lalacewar tushe.

Kowane ɗayan waɗannan kuskuren zai sami mummunan tasiri duka kan yanayin itacen da kuma amfanin gona na gaba.

Mr. Maigidan bazara ya ba da shawarar: tukwici ga masu fara lambu

Don ƙoƙarin da aka kashe kan dasa shuki itacen apple don gaskata kansa, ya wajaba a yin la’akari da waɗannan lamura masu zuwa:

• Idan akwai ƙasa mai yumbu a yankin, ana buƙatar magudanar ruwa. Kamar yadda ake amfani da gwangwani, guda na itace da duwatsu. Zurfin ramin lallai ne sai a haɓaka. A karkashin waɗannan yanayin, haɓaka ci gaban tushen tsarin, rigakafin turɓaɓɓiyar ruwa, da rage haɗarin cututtukan fungal zai faru.
• Abubuwan da ba su dace ba na ƙasa masu yashi ke lalacewa ta hanyar lalata. Sun rufe kasan ramin sauka. Godiya ga wannan, kasar gona ta kasance tsawon rigar.
• A Siberiya, ana shuka bishiyun apple a kan tsaunuka masu laushi, waɗanda aka shirya a kaka.
• Tare da kusancin abin da ke cikin ruwan karkashin kasa, mutum zai yi watsi da fasahar da ta ƙunshi amfani da rami mai sauka. A ƙarƙashin halayen, tuddai da aka kafa akan ɗakin kwana zasu zama zaɓi mafi kyau. Haka kuma an haƙa ƙasa da takin. Irin wannan dasa bishiyar itacen apple zai wahalar da kulawa, amma zai kare shuka daga lalacewa.
• Don cimma nasarar ci gaban tushe, za a iya amfani da ciminti a maimakon magudanar ruwa, kwance da sauran na'urori. Sun cika kasan ramin kai tsaye kafin su dasa bishiyar apple. Sakamakon itace itaciya ce da ke kariya daga kamuwa, daskararre da danshi mai yawa.

Tare da ingantaccen shiri don dasawa, kulawa mai inganci, tsananin biyayya ga umarnin-mataki-mataki da shawarwari, za a sami amfanin farko a cikin shekaru 5-6.