Yawancin lambun lambun lambu (wanda ake kiransa strawberries na dogon lokaci) Zeng Zengan ya bayyana lokaci mai tsawo, amma har yanzu ya kasance ɗayan yawancin abin da aka fi dacewa a cikin lambunanmu.
Tarihin Zenga Zengana
Tarihin iri-iri ya fara ne a cikin Jamus a 1942, lokacin da batun samar da kayan lambu masu zurfi da 'ya'yan itatuwa suka dace. Dalilin da aka dauka strawberry Marche tare da sosai m berries da ba su rasa siffar bayan thawing, amma tare da low iyawa. Bayan tafiya da yawa na Marche da nau'ikan dandano mai kyau, a ƙarƙashin yanayin soja mai wahala, a lokacin bazara na 1945 a Luckenwald, an sami nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu nasara da yawa.
Koyaya, tare da ƙarshen yakin, shugabanci na aikin kiwo ya canza, yanzu yawan amfanin ƙasa, dandano mai kyau, juriya ga cututtuka da kwari, da yuwuwar girma a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi daban-daban ya zo kan gaba. Iyayen mafi kyawun kwale-kwale uku da suka ci nasara yayin mamayewa a 1949 sune nau'ikan Markee da Sieger. Zabi da yaduwar mafi kyawun tsire-tsire, a cikin 1954, masu shayarwa sun gabatar da nau'ikan da ake kira Zenga Zengana.
Bayani da sifofin wannan ciyawar daji
An hada nau'ikan Zenga Zengana a cikin Rijistar Jiha a 1972 kuma an raba shi a cikin yankuna masu zuwa:
- Arewa maso yamma;
- Tsakiya;
- Volga-Vyatka;
- Tsakiyar Black Duniya;
- Arewacin Caucasian;
- Tsakanin Volga;
- Volananan Volga;
- Ural.
Gaan itacen Zenga Zengana iri-iri ne da ke matsewa. Dajin yana da tsayi, m, tare da duhu kore santsi ganye, peduncles ne a kan wannan matakin tare da foliage ko a karkashin shi. Tsire-tsire suna samar da ƙaramin mustakes, tunda duk ƙoƙarin da aka kashe akan samuwar amfanin gona. Daga wannan daji zaka iya tattarawa har zuwa kilogiram 1.5 na berries.
Stalk fure na fure na Zeng Zengan suna a ƙasa matakin ganye, berries na iya faɗi ƙasa
Shuka ba ta irin gyara bane, tana kan samar da amfanin gona sau daya a kusan tsakiyar watan Yuni. 'Ya'yan itacen farko suna da yawa - har zuwa gram 30 (matsakaita girman 10-12 grams), finer a ƙarshen fruiting. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari waɗanda aka girma a rana suna da launin duhu mai duhu ko launin burgundy, a cikin inuwa - ja mai haske.
Wide-conical Zeng Zengan strawberry berries, ba tare da wuya ba, ja mai duhu a launi, tare da zub da tsaba sosai
A berries da arziki mai dadi-m dandano, sosai m, tare da m ɓangaren litattafan almara, ba su dauke da voids. Fatar tayi mai haske, achenes suna sake mamaye siket din. Dalilin iri-iri na duniya ne: 'Ya'yan itãcen riƙe riƙe da siffar da babban dandano a cikin jam, compotes, a cikin daskarewa.
Bushes ba tare da dasawa ba na iya yin 'ya'ya a wuri guda na shekaru 6-7. Yawancin suna iya girma a kan kowane ƙasa, wanda ya sa ya zama unpretentious kuma abin dogara.
Bidiyo: berries berries idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan
//youtube.com/watch?v=sAckf825mQI
Dasa kuma girma strawberries Zeng Zengan
Kodayake ana jin daɗin wannan nau'in don unpretentiousness, har yanzu kuna da ƙoƙarin yin aiki don girbi girbi mai kyau.
Zaɓin shafin
Da farko dai, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wurin da za ku sauka. Yakamata ya kasance rana, da iska mai kyau, ba tare da tsauraran ruwa ba.
Mafi kyawun magabata don strawberries shine:
- wake
- radish
- karas
- beets
- durƙusa
- tafarnuwa.
Dasa wadatattun albarkatun gona da ke da ire-iren waɗannan cututtukan ba a ke so ba:
- baki currant
- rasberi
- gyada
Kyakkyawan unguwa zasu taimaka wurin girbi: slugs baza su iya zama ƙanshin faski ba, marigold tsoratar da ƙoshin nematode, kuma albasa da karas suna fitar da kwari daga juna, ta haka ke taimakawa wajen fitar da strawberries.
Preparationasa shiri
Kodayake nau'ikan ba zaɓaɓɓun ba ne game da ƙasa, loams tsaka tsaki sune zaɓi mafi kyau. Dole ne a tsabtace ƙasa da ciyawa, takin kuma, idan ya cancanta, lemun tsami. Don rage yawan amfani da acid:
- gari dolomite (daga 300 zuwa 600 g ta 1 m2 ya danganta da acidity na ƙasa);
- alli (100-300 g a 1 m2);
- ash (1-1.5 kg ta 1 m2).
Mayaƙan ƙwayayen zai kasance da amfani ga lalata, ƙasa kuma zata karɓi abubuwan da ake buƙata na ganowa. Babban daga bayan an gama hada da deoxidizer an cakuda shi da kyau.
Makonni 2-3 kafin dasawa, dole ne a hadar da kasar. A saboda wannan, a 1 m2 bukatar yin:
- 5-6 kilogiram na humus;
- 40 g na superphosphate;
- 20 g da takin mai magani potash:
- potassium sulfate;
- carbonate carbon;
- potassium nitrate.
Ash ash shima taki ne. Fasaha na potassium yana da wanda ba a son shi, idan aka ba shi hankali na strawberries to chlorine.
Dasa shuka
Kuna iya dasa shuki a cikin bazara da kaka. Amma ya kamata a tuna cewa mafi kyawun tsire-tsire suna yin tushe a wannan zafin jiki:
- iska + 15 ... +20 ° C;
- ƙasa +15 ° C
Kada a datti bishiyoyi, ingantaccen tsarin shuka:
- 25-30 cm tsakanin bushes;
- 70-80 cm tsakanin layuka.
Zai fi kyau dasa shuki a maraice da yamma ko kuma a cikin yanayi mai hadari.
A cikin kyawawan tsire-tsire masu lafiya da haɓaka, ana raba ganyen ganye, aƙalla a ƙalla 5, haka kuma an tsai da tsayi Tushen gajeru zuwa 8-10 cm Ana aiwatar da shuka kamar haka:
- Shirya rijiyoyin kuma zuba 150-200 ml na ruwan dumi a cikin kowane.
- A kasan ramuka, an kafa tukunyar ƙasa kuma ana sanya tsire-tsire a kansu, a hankali suna daidaita tushen.
Lokacin dasa shuki strawberries, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa girman haɓaka ya kasance a matakin ƙasa; lokacin da ya zurfafa, bushes zai narke
- Yayyafa seedlings tare da ƙasa, a hankali hada ƙasa.
- Watering dasawa da mulching duniya a kusa da tsire-tsire tare da humus, bambaro, sawdust. Moss, ganye da ciyawa da aka yanke ba za'a iya amfani dasu ba.
Tsarin ciyawa har zuwa 10 cm lokacin farin ciki zai kare gadaje daga bushewa, rage yawan ruwa da taimakawa yaƙi da ciyayi
Bidiyo: yadda ake shuka strawberries
Siffofin Kulawa
Kula da nau'ikan Zeng Zengan mai sauki ne. Zai ɗauki riguna da yawa a kowace kakar, wato:
- A farkon bazara, ana amfani da takin mai magani na nitrogen. Cakuda tablespoon daya na urea a cikin lita 10 na ruwa, kuma ba fiye da rabin lita na maganin kowace shuka ana shayar da su a ƙarƙashin tushen ba.
- Kafin ciyarwar fure:
- takaddun takin gargajiya (Nitroammofoskoy ko Ammofoskoy);
- takin mai magani;
- takin gargajiya.
- Bayan girbin. Da farko sako da sassauta ƙasa, cire tsoffin ganye, sannan ku kawo superphosphate ƙarƙashin tushe.
Bayan miya, dole ne a shayar da tsire-tsire. Don sanyaya strawberries a cikin iri-iri na Zenga Zengana yana da hankali sosai, tunda ba ya yarda da yawan danshi. A cikin yanayin bushewa, da zarar kowane kwanaki 5-7 ya isa, ya kamata a tsage ƙasa 20-30 cm zurfi. Hanya mafi kyau ga ruwa ita ce ban ruwa, saboda ruwan yana zuwa kai tsaye ga tushen tsirrai.
Bidiyo: yadda ake tsara ban ruwa na ruwa
Bayan yin ruwa, kuna buƙatar sassauta ƙasa kuma cire ciyawa. Dole ne a yanke gashin baki da sauri don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa. Girma strawberries akan agrofibre yana sauƙaƙe kulawa da dasawa, wanda ke kare berries daga hulɗa tare da ƙasa kuma yana hana haɓaka haɓaka.
Haɓaka dasa iri a kan agrofibre tare da ban ruwa na ruwa, zaku iya samun mafi kyawun amfanin gona
Hanyoyin kiwo
Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa nau'ikan Zenga Zengana yana da ƙananan mustaches, ana iya yada shi ta hanyar rarraba daji ko ta hanyar iri.
- Raba daga daji. Kuna buƙatar tono wata shuka mai shekaru 4, cire busassun ganye kuma girgiza shi dan kadan saboda ɓangaren duniya ya karye. Sa'an nan kuma runtse tushen a cikin wani kwari na ruwa, da kuma bayan soaking, a hankali raba daji cikin ramin daban.
Kakakin (rosette tare da kashin baya) na iya fara bada 'ya'ya tun farkon kakar wasa mai zuwa
- Shuka tsaba. Daga manyan, cikakken ripened berries, yanke saman Layer, bushe da Rub a cikin hannun ka raba tsaba. Kafin dasa, suna daidaita: sanya tsakanin yadudduka na gauze, moistened da ruwa da kuma sanya shi don makonni 2 a cikin firiji a zazzabi na 5 ° C, guje wa bushewa fita. Sa'an nan ana shuka tsaba a cikin kwalaye, tukwane ko allunan peat kuma an rufe su da fim, wanda aka cire bayan bayyanar sprouts. Lokacin da ganye 3-5 suka bayyana akan tsire-tsire, ana iya dasa su a ƙasa.
Bidiyo: yadda ake shuka strawberries daga tsaba
Kwaro da Cututtuka
Yawancin nau'in ba shi da matsala da cututtukan cututtuka kamar su mildew powdery da verticillosis.. Koyaya, ba shi da tabbas ga zangon ganye kuma galibi ana amfani da ciyawar ciyayi. Itace ciyawar ciyawar Zeng Zengan ba ta da ƙarfi, saboda abin da itace ke kwance akan ƙasa kuma tana kamuwa da kumburin launin toka, musamman ma a cikin ruwa.
Grey rot
Babban cutar na strawberries na nau'ikan Zeng Zengan shine rot rot. Wannan kamuwa da cuta na fungal yana yadawa da sauri kuma yana iya lalata kusan 90% na amfanin gona.
Idan lalace ta launin toka rot, da berries overgrow tare da m shafi da rot
Tun da babbar matsalar na iya bayyana tare da yanayin sanyi da ruwa, yana da kyau a bincika bushes a kai a kai, kuma idan an gano wata cuta, sai a ɗauki matakan kawar da shi:
- tattara da kuma lalata duk berries da abin ya shafa;
- amfani da sinadarai: Apirin-B, Switch, 1% ruwa na Bordeaux;
- fesa tare da aidin (saukad da 10 a kowace lita 10 na ruwa) da kuma maganin mustard (narke 50 g na foda a cikin 5 l na ruwan zafi, bayan kwana biyu na jiko, tsarma abun da ke ciki tare da ruwa a cikin rabo 1: 1).
Koyaya, manyan hanyoyin magance launin toka sune kariya:
- kada ku yi ƙasa mai zurfi;
- sako a kan kari;
- deoxidize kasar gona;
- ciyawa tare da bambaro ko litter na pamter;
- dasa tafarnuwa zuwa strawberries;
- bayan shekara uku, canza wurin saukowa;
- lalataccen lokaci na lalata berries marasa lafiya;
- bayan girbi, cire ganye;
- a lokacin fruiting, gwada ɗaukar berries daga ƙasa.
Haske launin ruwan kasa
Cutar ta fara da bayyanar launin ruwan kasa akan gefuna na takardar, mai kama da alamun tan. Suna girma, haɗuwa da kai ga bushewa daga cikin ganyayyaki.
Abubuwan launin ruwan ƙasa sunyi kama da ƙonewa da wuta ke haifar.
Ya kamata a kula da filaye:
- Oksikh mai kashe kansa;
- Bordeaux ruwa (3% - kafin budding, 1% - a gaban fure da kuma bayan an ɗauki berries).
Abokan adawar masu amfani da sinadaran na iya tura busheshen lafiya tare da wannan maganin:
- 10 l na ruwa;
- 5 g na potassium permanganate;
- 2 tablespoons na soda;
- 1 vial na aidin;
- 20 g na sabulu (kara bayan wasu abubuwan haɗin).
Strawberry mite
Alamar itace 'yar itace wata karamar kwaro ce wacce ba'a iya gani da ido tsirara. Tsirrai da abin ya shafa na iya gano ta da ganye mara lalacewa, wanda sannu a hankali ke canza launi zuwa launin ruwan kasa da bushe. A sakamakon haka, ci gaban daji yayi jinkirin sauka, kuma sabbin sun kasance karami.
Rawan itacen Strawberry mites suna lalata ganye, yana sa su bushe
Don prophylaxis, za'a iya yayyafa plantings tare da maganin sulhu na sulusin kashi 70%. Idan kwaro ya riga ya kamu da tsire-tsire, to, ya kamata a yi amfani da Actellik ko Spark M.
Ra'ayoyi daga 'yan lambu masu gogewa
Rashin daidaituwa na sake dubawa game da nau'ikan Zenga Zengana yana da alaƙa da narkar da strawberries a cikin yanayin yanayi daban-daban, akan ƙasa daban-daban. Har ila yau, rashin datti yana iya kasancewa saboda rashin haihuwa. Don haka, darasi ya canza lokacin dasa shuki ko lokacin ɗaukar kantuna daga tsoffin gadaje.
Wannan nau'ikan ya daɗe da zama alama a cikin kayan samarwa a Turai. Amma kwanan nan, saboda girman matsakaicinta, mai saukin kamuwa zuwa rot da ɗanɗano matsakaici, ya rasa mahimmancinsa. A kan tsire-tsire na masana'antu a cikin gonaki masu tasowa, sauran nau'ikan suna maye gurbin sa. Nau'in hali irin na bayyane a bayyane - na farkon waɗanda aka danƙaƙa, sannan kuma da yawa ke zagaye. Na ƙara da cewa launi da cikakke berries mai duhu ja ko ma burgundy. Kuma jiki ya yi duhu kuma ba tare da wofin komai ba. Rashin rauni na kututturen fure an ɗauke shi koma baya ne na iri-iri sabili da haka Berry ya ta'allaka ne akan ƙasa kuma yawanci lalacewar launin toka yake. Musamman ma a cikin shekarun ƙarancin shekaru. Amma babban dandano da yawan amfanin ƙasa yayi bayani game da shahararrun wannan tsohuwar nau'ikan abin dogara daga Jamus. Haka ne, kuma wani halayyar ɗan halaye na iri-iri ita ce ganye masu duhu kore, mai santsi, m. Gashin-baki ba ya yin girma sosai, tun da kanti nan da nan ya fara sa ɗorawa da yawa - wannan yana ƙayyade yawan amfanin ƙasa iri-iri.
Nikolay Kasa Club
//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=1055&st=0
Ba ni da kishin musamman game da dandano na Zenga Zengana (Na fi son nau'ikan zaki, irin su RU ɗaya). Zenga yana ga masoya masu son juna. Daga cikin nawa, wannan shine mafi yawan nau'in acidic. Amma kuma sukari yayi yawa. Saboda haka, yana da daɗin ci. Kyakkyawan wartsakewa. Kuma Ina son gurnar launin Berry. Kuma, hakika, Zenga ta samu karbuwa saboda haɓakarta da rashin fassararta. (A wannan shekara, an fara fitar da nitsuwa a cikin mako mai tsananin zafi, don haka launin toka - wato, wannan rauni na Zenga Zengana, ya kasa sharewa). Hard ma'aikaci iri-iri. Yana bada garantin yawa tare da inganci mai kyau (amma gaskiyane cewa a ƙarshen tarin za'a sami tarin abubuwan littlean abubuwa da basa iya tattarawa). Babban ma'aikaci na strawberry.
Ivann
//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=1055&st=0
Kamar yadda digiri na ke da yawan 'ya'ya. Girman da berries ne wajen matsakaici. A wannan shekara yakan yi ruwa sosai. A ƙarshe, akwai matsaloli. Kaska ta shiga, amma ba kakkautawa, a kan kowane bushes, za mu amsa nan da nan. Amma ku ɗanɗani ... berries na farko ba su da ban sha'awa, amma na ƙarshe suna da daɗi kuma masu daɗi. A sakamakon haka, Ina sa shi a kan matsawa, don daskarewa da 'ya'yan itace stewed.
Irina Matyukh
//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/showpost.php?p=793647&postcount=3
Kuma a nan yana da dadi, kusan ba tare da acid ba.
Vlada
//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=1055&st=0
Na lura cewa: 1. 'Ya'yan itacen girbi na biyu suna raguwa kaɗan, 2. yawan amfanin ƙasa na saukad da ƙwarewa cikin shekara ta biyu. Ban sami ƙarin fa'idodi ba a cikin wannan nau'in, idan aka kwatanta da sabon kiwo. Ta ce lafiya lau ba tare da yin nadama ba.
gala
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?p=545946#p545946
Abokan Czech suna rubuta abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da Zeng. Ga abin da na fahimta godiyata ga abokina na Google: Mashahurin ɗan Jamusanci, wanda sunansa ya zama alama ga strawberries ... (a gabani) iri-iri sun fice saboda manyan abubuwan da take samu da zaƙi mai danshi mai duhu, duhu mai ja.2, a cikin kyakkyawan kuka doki masu nuna alamun yawan iri sauran. Matsakaici zuwa 'ya'yan itace rot ya kasance matsakaici. Babban fa'ida shine kyakkyawan yanayin daidaitawa ga kowane irin ƙasa. Zenga Sengana yayi girma sosai ko'ina, babu matsaloli game da sha'awar kowane cuta ... Amma wannan, rashin alheri, ba komai bane a yanzu. Abin da yanzu yake kamar Senga Sengana ba shi da alaƙa da na asali iri. A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, abin takaici, saboda rashin yaduwar ciyawar ciyawa, ya kasance akwai yaduwar kayan dasa abubuwa daban-daban - an sami sabbin hanyoyin kwayoyi iri-iri tare da kayan ƙazantar. Tsohon tsohuwar Senga Sengana ya samar da fiye da 20 t / ha na berries kuma bai sha wahala sosai daga rot. Abubuwan yau da kullun Senga Sengana suna da amfanin gona da kimanin 10 kilogiram / ha kuma ana ɗaukar nauyi sosai, ban da rage girman Berry. Dangane da binciken cibiyoyin cibiyoyin bincike a Jamus, da alama cewa a yau ba wanda ke cikin Turai da ke da asali na asali na Senga Sengana ... Babban batun da ke haifar da lalacewar nau'ikan da ke tashe ...
Ivann
//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=1055&st=0
Kuna iya tunanin cewa nau'in Zeng Zengan ya wuce zamani kuma akwai wasu nau'ikan da yawa da suka zarce ta dangane da halaye. Koyaya, ya yi latti don rubuta kashe wannan ingantaccen, ingantacciyar bishiyoyi da mara ma'ana, zai iya faranta mana rai tare da wadataccen m berries.
