Allium albasa ne na ado, na gidan albasa ne. Akwai nau'ikan tsirrai kusan ɗari biyar. A cikin daji yayi girma a cikin Hemisphere na Arewa. Yana yarda da fari, shine damuna hunturu. Bayyanar ban mamaki yana ba ku damar amfani da shi don yin ado da wuraren.
Bayanin
Dankin yana da ƙanshin ƙanshin, yawancin nau'ikan suna edible. Ganye suna kewaye da yara ko kuma keɓe kai, tushen yana gajarta.
Inflorescences sune matsakaici, a cikin nau'i na sphere ko hemisphere. An tattara a cikin kunkuntar bunch. Furanni masu kamannin taurari da furanni shida suna daidai da kofuna ko karrarawa.
Jinsuna da iri
Popular iri:
| Dubawa | Bayanin | Lokacin ruwa |
| Giant | A tsayi tare da tsayin mutum. Furen fure-fure na fure-furen, wanda ya qunshi kananan tauraruwar taurari, suna da kawa-inci har zuwa 15 cm | Mayu-farkon Yuni. |
| Zagaye-kai | Inflorescences su ne ruwan hoda ko burgundy. M, kewaya har zuwa 3 cm. | Kashi na biyu na bazara. |
| Pretty | Flowersan ƙananan furanni masu launin shuɗi waɗanda aka tattara a cikin laima-dimbin yawa inflorescences. | Agusta |
| Karatavsky | Peduncle ya nutse cikin zurfi a cikin ƙasa. Fusoshin ganye suna da fadi tare da launin ja ko ruwan hoda. Furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara-fari ko shunayya. | Yuni |
| Zinare | Flat inflorescences umbrellas tare da da'irar har zuwa 7 cm rawaya. Reminiscent of dada lili. | |
| Ostrovsky | Furannin furanni sune fure-fure, sunyi kama da pentagram. Suna da furanni shida. Uku daga cikinsu, wanda aka kafa ta hanyar daya, ya fi guntu. Ganyen yana da elongated da na bakin ciki, ba tare da takamaiman ƙanshin albasa ba. | |
| Christophe | Furannin furanni na Lilac suna da hoto mai hoto. An tattara a cikin manyan inflorescences, kewaya har zuwa cm 25. Kada ku ƙone har tsawon watanni 1.5. Shude, amma kada ku fadi, kuma ku taurara da bushe. | |
| Sunkuyar da kai | Takaddun faranti suna da lebur, an tattara su a furen ƙirar rhizome. Furanni masu launin shuɗi ne ko dusar ƙanƙara-fari a ƙafafu, sun kai 50 cm. | Tsarin tsakiyar. |
| Schubert | Pedicels daga 2 zuwa 20 cm. Inflorescences suna launin shuɗi tare da furanni masu launin shuɗi-shuɗi. | Mayu-Yuli. |
| Ganyen shuɗi | Violet-blue mai siffar zobe inflorescences suna kan tsibirin mai tsawo. Suna da diamita na 2-7 cm. | Ofarshen bazara ƙarshen lokacin bazara. |
| Sicilian | Kodadde ruwan hoda ko furanni kararrawa, mai karkatawa zuwa ƙasa akan kafafu na tsaye. Esudan zuma sa albasa zuma daga pollen. | Afrilu-Mayu. |
| Pskemsky | Ganyen suna silili a cikin tsari. M cm 2-3 lokacin farin ciki: Inflorescences sune farin-dusar ƙanƙara a cikin hanyar hemisphere. | Farkon Yuli. |
| Oblique (hanzarta, tafarnuwa dutse) | Ganyayyaki masu ci da kwararan fitila. Inflorescences rawaya ne tare da tambura masu yawa wadanda suke manne wa garesu. | Yuni-Yuli. |
| Roseum | Inflorescences-karrarawa manyan ne, dusar ƙanƙara-fari, lavender mai walƙiya. Ingancin furanni ya kai cm 8. Don hunturu, ana yin juyawa cikin tukunya. An kawo tsire a cikin dakin, saboda tsoron sanyi. | Mayu-Yuni. |
| Gladiator | A cikin tsayi har zuwa mita ɗaya da rabi. Lilac ko violet inflorescence yana da diamita na 25 cm. | Yuni Yana wuce sati 2. |
| Gigantum | Ya haɗu zuwa cm 150. Lilac inflorescences bai wuce 10 cm ba. | Ofarshen bazara ƙarshen lokacin bazara. |
| Bulgaria | Furanni furanni ne masu farin jini. A cikin tsayi har zuwa 90 cm. | Mayu-Yuni. |
| Amethyst | Perenni mai launin Red Mohican ya girma zuwa cm 100. Furen furanni-farin-fure 5-7 cm. | Yuni-Yuli. |
| Fita | Ruwan duhu masu launin shuɗi 5-6 cm. A tsayi har zuwa 60 cm. | |
| Sarauniyar Ivory Coast | Ganye suna corrugated, elongated da fadi da yawa. Ya haɗu har zuwa 40 cm. | Endarshen Mayu-Yuni. |
| Kyaftin Bare | Inflorescences ne mai lavender m. Sannu a hankali kauda kai zuwa farin kirim. Kar a ba tsaba. Rike siffar su tsawon watanni. | Yuli |
| Aflatunsky | Kwan fitila mai conical tare da ƙarshen kaifi, an rufe shi da sikeli mai launin toka. Fuskokin ganye masu launin shuɗi-kore, mai elongated, da kintinkiri. A shuka shi ne edible. | Mayu-Yuni. |
| Bear | Ya girma har zuwa cm 40. Inflorescences sune laima wadanda suka kunshi furanni masu dusar ƙanƙan-fari. | |
| Mai ƙarfin hali | Kai 70 cm Furanni masu launin fari-kore ne. |
Saukowa da kulawa
Dasa shuka da kuma kulawa dashi baya ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa. Albasa suna son rana; m inuwa ma ya dace don dasa. Manyan iri (alal misali, siculum) yakamata a dasa shi a cikin wuraren da aka kiyaye shi daga iska don kada iska ta karya mai tushe. Dankin zai ɗauki tushen sosai a gwargwado na m, ƙasa mai haske. Allium yana buƙatar kyakkyawan malalewa. Tare da stagnation, kwararan fitila fara juyawa.
Sayi
Kuna buƙatar zaɓar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi, babba, fitila mai sautunan fata mai tsami, ba tare da bushewa da ƙira ba. Shuka abu wanda ke da sababbin harbe ba da shawarar ba.
Fasahar Saukowa ta waje
Namowar waje yana faruwa a cikin kaka ko bazara:
- Ana haƙa ƙasa. An kara Humus da ash na itace don wadatar da kayan tare da potassium.
- Kwararan fitila ana dasa su a cikin rami mai narkewa. Zurfin saukowa daidai yake da girma uku na shugaban albasa. Nisa tsakanin rami shine 30-50 cm.
- Isasa ta bushe.
Albasa suna girma da kuma seedlings:
- an shuka tsaba a cikin substrate wanda ya kunshi humus, peat da Turf;
- sprouts nutse;
- Ana aiwatar da seedlings zuwa lokaci-lokaci don ingantaccen iska don hardening kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa;
- ana dasa tsire-tsire zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa bayan watanni 2-2.5;
- moistened da kyau don saukowa suna da zurfin 10 cm
Fasaha Saukowa Cikin Gida
Mataki a cikin gida dasa mataki-mataki:
- An zaɓi tukunya mai zurfi, tare da manyan ramuka don magudanar ruwa. Wuce ruwa mai yawa zai lalata shuka.
- Tsarin malalewa na kyakkyawan tsakuwa, an ɗora perlite a ƙasan mai shuka.
- Ana zuba ƙasa a saman, an dasa fitila a ciki.
- Dasa kayan suna yayyafa shi da wani abin hawa, ƙasa an ɗan haɗa.
- Ana shayar da ƙasa. Idan ya cancanta, an ƙara ƙasa (nesa daga 1.5-2 cm ya kamata ya kasance a saman tukunyar).
Siffofin Kulawa
Lokacin yin shayarwa, dole ne a bi waɗannan shawarwari masu zuwa:
- Stagnation da ruwa mai yawa sun fi cutarwa ga shuka fiye da rashin sa.
- Ana buƙatar shayarwa matsakaici a lokacin ciyayi. Lokacin da ganye da inflorescences siffan.
- Watering wajibi ne. A cikin bushewar yanayi sau da yawa. A cikin ruwan sama - kamar yadda topsoil ta bushe.
Dokokin amfani da miya:
- Ana ciyar da ciyar a lokacin girma. Wannan yana taimaka wa tsirran ya jimre da kara damuwa.
- A cikin bazara, ana ciyar da su da abubuwan da aka haɗa don haɗarin nitrogen.
- Ma'adinan saman miya an bada shawarar a lokacin rani.
- A watan Satumba, ana amfani da takin mai bushe-phoash-potash. Suna shirya allium don hunturu.
- A cikin lokacin sanyi, an mulched tare da humus, peat.
Kiwo
Allium yana yaduwa:
- kwararan fitila;
- ta zuriya;
- kwararan fitila;
- rabo daga rhizome.
A farkon lamari, ba a ba da shawarar shuka iri da ba a iya shukawa ba. In ba haka ba, shuka zai sami launi mara kyau. Ta wannan hanyar, albasa na kusan kowane nau'in ana bred. Rashin dacewar wannan hanyar ita ce cewa allium zai yi fure kawai a shekara ta uku da kyau.
Tare da yaduwar ciyayi, an riga an lura da fure a farkon shekarar. Koyaya, wannan hanyar bazai iya haifar da kowane nau'in allium ba: da yawa basa bayar da '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''.
Wasu nau'in allium suna ba da kwararan fitila. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan kwararan fitila ne waɗanda ba a ƙasa ba, amma a saman filin shinge.
Cutar da kwari
Albasa ana shafawa waɗannan cututtuka da kwari masu zuwa:
| Cutar / kwaro | Lalacewa | Matakan sarrafawa |
| Ciwon ciki (peronosporosis) | Dankalin kore mai duhu mai duhu ya bayyana akan ganye. Mycelium na launin toka-mai launin toka-hue an kafa shi a cikin nau'i na plaque. Ganyen ya canza launin rawaya, ya zama launin ruwan kasa, ya bushe. | Rashin lafiya na faruwa. Ana kula da bushes tare da samfuran da aka saya (cakuda Bordeaux, chloroxide jan karfe, carcotide, ridomil). |
| Tsatsa | A lokacin bazara, ana lura da filayen ruwan lemu a kan kore. Bayan ɗan lokaci, spores na rawaya-mai launin rawaya. Ganyayyaki ya bushe. | Ganye sun lalace. Albasa ana fesawa tare da shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da jan ƙarfe (cloride jan karfe, cakuda Bordeaux). |
| Dan kadan | Abubuwan duhu masu launin toka sun bayyana. Leaf faranti da pedicels suna mai lankwasa. | |
| Heterosporosis | Ganyen sun zama rawaya, an rufe shi da wani launin ruwan kasa mai ruwan kasa. Ganye yana bushewa, yawan amfanin ƙasa yakan lalace. | |
| Cercosporosis | Lalacewa ya bayyana a farkon lokacin bazara. A cikin ganyayyaki da mai tushe, bayyanannun aibobi na launin toka tare da iyakar bakin ciki mai launin shuɗi. Yankunan da aka shafa ba suyi ba. Ganye suna rawaya da bushe. | |
| Na tagulla | Wannan babban kwari ne mai karen katako mai launin tagulla, ƙyalli na zinare. Yana isa 14-20 mm. Idan ka kalli hoto, zaku iya ganin farin layin dake juye da fikafikan. Larvae mai kauri, dusar ƙanƙara-fari, har zuwa mm 60 a tsawon. Pupa yellowish, wanda aka kirkira a cikin murhun alkama. Karin kwari sun tashi daga Mayu zuwa ƙarshen bazara. | An tattara gwoza da larvae. |
Yi amfani da zane mai faɗi
Don ƙirar lambun dutse da nunin falon dutse, ana amfani da nau'ikan waɗannan masu zuwa:
- karatavsky;
- Pskemian;
- Kyaftin Bare.
Gidajen shimfidar wuri ba tare da allium ba:
- Aflatunian
- nasara;
- ban dariya;
- Bearish
- malamin duniya.
A kan gadaje na furanni da kan iyakoki a cikin shimfidar wuri, wani yanki, yanki, angu, kurmi, chameleon aesthetically look. Ana amfani da baka na ado da ruwan hoda don distillation.
An bada shawarar manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan shuka a ko'ina cikin lambun fure (misali, Dutsen Everest). Ya kamata a sanya ƙananan iri a cikin kwantena. Blooming alliums zai yi ado da kowane ƙasa.
