Ficus alfarma - girma da kulawa a gida, hoto

Ficus alfarma (Ficus religiosa) yana da wasu karin sunaye: Itace Bodhi, ficus na addini da fig mai tsarki. Daskararren tsire-tsire na ficus mallakar 'yan asalin sunan shi ɗaya ne kuma dangin Mulberry (Moraceae). Wurin haifuwar ficus mai tsarki ana ɗauka shine Indiya.

Baya ga Indiya, ficus yana girma a cikin Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Burma, a cikin kudu maso yamma na China da tsibiran tsibiran Malay. Da farko, ficus ya girma ne kawai a kan filayen, a cikin gandun daji mai hade da kullun, amma sannu a hankali ya fara "sa hanyarsa" mafi girma da girma zuwa tsaunuka. Yanzu ana iya samun shuka a tsawan mil mita daya da rabi sama da matakin teku.

An sanya sunan Ficus alfarma saboda gaskiyar cewa a zamanin da shi ne wadannan manyan bishiyun da aka dasa kusa da haikalin Buddha, kuma shuwagabannin limaman sun kula da tsirrai.

Hakanan duba yadda ake girma ficus-bear roba da ficus benjamin a gida.

An dauki bishiyar alama ce mai tsarki, mataimaki a fadakar da Buddha da kansa - wanda ya kafa kungiyar addinin Buddha.

Dangane da wani tsohon tarihi, zaune kawai a ƙarƙashin kambin itacen Ficus akan Yarima Siddhartha Gautama, fahimi ya sauko, bayan wannan ya fara kiran kansa Buddha ya fara wa'azin Buddha.

Babban bambancin da ke tsakanin ficushin addini da sauran dangi yana da babbar rawa. Wasu samfurori sun kai mita 30 a tsayi, suna girma a cikin yanayin yanayi na gida. A cikin yanayin Rasha a zazzabi a ɗakuna, ficus na iya kaiwa tsayin mita 3.

Saboda haɓakar haɓakar sa, yawancin ficus an dasa yawancin ɗakuna. Ana amfani dashi don ado ɗakunan ban dariya, ɗakunan katako ko ɗakunan ajiya. Nisan da kambi zai iya kaiwa mita 10, wanda kuma baya bada damar shuka tsiro a cikin karamin daki.

Yawan Tushen daskararre a cikin kananan bishiyoyi ƙananan ƙanƙane. Saboda gaskiyar cewa ficus sau da yawa yakan fara rayuwarsa a matsayin jigilar jini, yana girma a kan rassa da kututtukan bishiyoyin da suka manyanta, sannu a hankali sai tushen sa ya zama mai ƙarfi da kauri, daga ƙarshe ya zama cikin bishiyun banyan.

Wani zabin don asalin ficus shine lithophyte. Ficus ya sami wuri a cikin rami na ginin. Wasu hotuna sun nuna cewa shuka, kamar dai, tana girma zuwa haikalin. Bayan takamaiman lokaci, itacen yana ɗaure ginin gidan tare da tushensa kuma kusan yana zama tare da shi. A wannan yanayin, harbe-farko da farko kawai sun sauko kusa da ƙasa. Kuma a sa'an nan suka shiga cikin zurfi da zurfi cikin ƙasa.

Yawan haɓakar Ficus yana da girma sosai.

Bayan shekara ɗaya ko biyu, sun riga sun wakilci ƙaramin gandun daji: adadi mai yawa na bakin ciki tare da babban kambi guda a duka. Haushi na kananan bishiyoyi shine launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi, tare da launin ja. Wannan launi yana kama da rassan tsirran tsemose. Yayinda itaciyar ke girma, haushi yana canza launi. Rassan da kuma akwati na shuka ya kasance launin toka.

Harbe Ficus suna da tsari mai santsi da sifar asali. A saman ganye ne na bakin ciki, kusan m. Tsawon kowane ganyayyaki, a matsakaita, shine 8-12 cm Musamman manyan wakilai suna da ganyayyaki har zuwa cm 20. Girman ganyen ya bambanta daga 4 zuwa 13 cm.

Ganyen matasa na ficus suna da launin shuɗi, wanda ƙarshe ya canza zuwa haske kore. Idan itaciya ya girma cikin hasken rana kai tsaye, ganyen tsiron ya girma ya sami launin koren duhu mai duhu tare da ƙyalli mai haske. A saman kowane takarda zaka iya ganin zubutaccen abu mai kyau tare da ido tsirara. Stipules suna da kyau. Tsawonsu ya kai cm 5. Suna faɗuwa lokacin da aka buɗe takardar a cikakke.

Leaf faranti suna located a kan rassan a cikin na gaba jerin. Petiole yawanci yana da tsawon guda ɗaya kamar ganye. Wani lokacin yakan girma tsawon lokaci. Idan ficus yayi girma a cikin wurin da iska ba ta da isasshen danshi, to, itacen yakan canza ganye sau biyu a shekara.

A lokacin furanni, kamar sauran wakilan dangi, bishiyar Bodhi tana samar da syconia - ƙananan inflorescences launin ruwan kasa waɗanda suke da matukar damuwa game da ƙwallon ƙafa a cikin siffar. Matsakaicin girman inflorescence shine 2 cm.

Mai alfarma ficus shine tsiro na zamani. A gida, ficus na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 15. A cikin yankin buɗewa, ɗan itace yana rayuwa shekaru 400-600.

Dasa kuma kula da ficus mai alfarma (a takaice)

Kula da ficus mai tsarki a gida (daki daki daki)

Mai alfarma ficus shine ingantaccen shuka. Abu ne mai sauki in yayi girma a gida. Koyaya, ya kamata a koya wasu ka'idodi na kulawa don itace ta girma da ƙarfi.

Gudun ruwa

Fitar da itace itace tsari mai ban sha'awa. Sakamakon inflorescences suna cikin nau'i na tukunya mara komai. Wani abu kamar launin mosa mai launin ruwan kasa a jikin bangon tukunyar. Sunan kimiyya siconium ne ko kuma 'ya'yan itace ne. Ana shirya Siconia nau'i-nau'i a cikin sinuses na ganye.

Inflorescences, har da ganye, suna da santsi. Masu alfarma ficus alfarma na wani nau'in - blastophagous. Bayan pollination, an kirkiro 'ya'yan itace kore, wanda daga baya ya zama shunayya da maroon. 'Ya'yan itacen Ficus basu dace da yawan ɗan adam ba.

Haske

Don cikakken haɓakawa da haɓakar ficus mai tsarki, ana buƙatar hasken rana mai haske amma bazu. Hakanan ya kamata ku guji hasken rana kai tsaye. A wani wuri mai duhu sosai, itaciyar za ta ji daɗi sosai. Matsayin da ake buƙata na haske shine 2600-3000 lux. Matsakaicin wuri don shuka - ɗakuna waɗanda ke yammacin ko ɓangaren ɓangaren ginin na gida.

Idan ficus bai sami isasshen haske ba, ganyen zai fara bushewa.

Zazzabi

Tsarkakken ficus shine tsire-tsire na thermophilic. A lokacin rani, ana bada shawara a shuka itaciya a zazzabi na 18 zuwa 25. A cikin hunturu, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa a cikin dakin da ficus yayi girma, zazzabi baya faɗuwa ƙasa da digiri 15. A wannan lokacin, yana da kyau don ƙara hasken shuka.

Ficus baya buƙatar lokacin hutawa. Ko da a cikin hunturu, zai iya da sannu a hankali girma da haɓaka a cikin daki mai isasshen zafi da madaidaicin zafin jiki. Ya kamata a nisantar da bishiyar Bodhi daga batura da masu zafi, a guji gwaji da kuma canje-canje na mazauni.

Jin zafi

Abubuwan wurare na yau da kullun da shuka ke tsirowa suna halin babban zafi. Sakamakon haka, ana amfani da ficus zuwa girma a cikin yanayin gumi. Ana bukatar shafawa ganye akai akai. Don manyan bishiyoyi, wannan hanyar tana da matukar wahala, sabili da haka akwai zaɓuɓɓuka biyu don magance matsalar.

Na farko: zaku iya sanya shuka kusa da akwatin kifin ko wasu kandami na ado. Na biyu: amfani da humidifier.

Watse

Tsarin tsari da adalci ana bukatar yawa ruwa. Yana da kyau don shayar da shuka tare da ruwa mai zauna. A lokacin rani, ana buƙatar ruwa sau 1-2 a mako. A cikin hunturu, an rage adadin zuwa lokaci 1 a cikin kwanaki 7-10. A wannan halin, ba'a yarda da izinin danshi ba.

Kafin kowane ruwa mai biyo baya, yakamata ƙasa ta bushe sosai. Ya kamata a zana ruwa mai laushi daga sump. Dankin yana shan wahalar danshi fiye da rashin. Lokaci mai laushi da kulawa yana ba da tabbacin ci gaban tushen tushen iko, wanda aka yi marhabin da shi musamman a cikin fasaha da al'adun bonsai.

Kasar

Zai fi kyau dasa ficus a cikin ƙasa mai sako-sako da takaddama bisa ga makircin da ke ƙasa: 1 ɓangaren ƙasa turf, 1 ɓangaren ƙasa mai ganye, ɓangaren 1/2 na yashi, zaka iya ƙara ɗan gawayi. Ko kuma 1 ɓangare na ƙasa turf, 1 yanki na peat, 1 yanki na ƙasa mai ganye, 1 yanki na yashi (pH 6.0-6.5).

Wani muhimmin bangaren yayin dasa shuki wani magudanar ruwa ce. Kyakkyawan magudanar ruwa: lãka da aka shimfiɗa daga ƙasa da yashi daga bisa.

Taki

Ficus shine tsire-tsire wanda ba a fassara shi wanda ba ya buƙatar takin musamman ko takin. Ana yin riguna masu tsayi kamar yadda aka tsara sau 2 a wata. Don cimma sakamako mafi kyau, yana da kyau a musanya tsakanin ma'adinai da kuma kayan rigakafin al'ada.

Ya kamata su ƙunshi babban adadin potassium da nitrogen.

Juyawa

Itace Bodhi itaciya ce mai girma. A cikin shekara guda, itaciya mai tsayi mita 2 zai iya girma daga ƙaramin seedling. A wannan batun, kananan bishiyoyi suna buƙatar sake haɗawa akai-akai (daga sau 1 zuwa sau 3 a shekara).

Ana jujjuya ƙwayoyin ficuses yawanci bayan tushen shuka ya daina dacewa da tukunya. Bishiyoyi masu balaga basa buƙatar dasawa. Ya ishe su maye gurbin saman.

Mai jan tsami

Harbe yana buƙatar pruning na yau da kullun. Ana yin wannan ne domin a sa itacen yayi girma kuma ya samar da kambi mai kyau. Ya kamata a gudanar da girki ba da jimawa ba kafin a fara wani babban ci gaba. Bayan haka, zai iya yiwuwa a sauƙaƙe ƙarar kananan rassan.

Don ƙirƙirar kambi mai ban sha'awa, ya kamata ku saita rassan a cikin hanyar da ake so. Ana yin wannan ta amfani da firam. Harbe Ficus suna na roba sosai, sabili da haka koda ma sabon shiga zai jimre wa aikin.

Namo tsarkakakkun ficus daga tsaba

Hanya mafi sauki kuma mafi araha don yada ficus. An shuka iri a cikin peat-sand substrate kuma ana shayar da alheri. Sannan an rufe shuka da filastik.

Ana iya ganin farkon tsiro a cikin kwanaki 5-7. Sannan a cire fim din don ya zama ya sanya kwayar cutar zuwa yanayin rayuwa. Ya kamata a yi juyawa daga tsiron yayin da ganye biyu na farko suka bayyana. Idan kun ɗauki tukunya da firam mai girma (10-15 cm), to, kuna iya dasa ciyayi da yawa a ciki.

Namo tsarki ficus by yanka

Mai alfarma ficus tare da apical cuttings haifuwa tare da babbar wahala. Don yin wannan, ɗauki tsawon 15-18 cm tsayi. Aƙalla nau'i uku na ganye masu lafiya ya kamata ya kasance a kansu. Tsawon tsayin yakamata ya wuce tsawon ganyen sau 2. A lokacin bazara, ana shuka itace a cikin gilasai a cakuda peat da perlite a zazzabi na 25 ° C.

Madadin wannan cakuda, za'a iya amfani da ƙasa mai yashi. A gida, an rufe ganyen tare da polyethylene. Zai fi kyau bi da bi da yanke wata cut tare da tushe ko heteroauxin. Sanya don ƙwaya a cikin haske na yanayi.

Ana iya cire fim bayan makonni 2. Bayan ficus ya ɗauki tushe, an dasa shi a cikin karamin tukunya.

Cututtuka da kwari na almara mai tsarki

Don mafi yawan ɓangaren, shuka ba shi da lafiya idan ba a kula da shi yadda ya kamata ba. Matasa harbe suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Stemsa Theiranyunsu na bakin ciki ne, ganyayyaki kuma ƙanana. Tare da kowane canji a cikin zafin jiki, harbe-harbe na iya mutuwa, kazalika da karancin abinci da madaidaicin matakin walƙiya.

Matsalar gama gari ita ce faduwa da ganye na ficus. Dankin yana da matukar amsa ga kowane canji na kulawa.

Ya kamata a tuna cewa ganyayyakin ficus na iya faɗuwa akan nasu. Dukkanta ya dogara ne akan takamaiman itace.

Mai alfarma ficus za a iya kai hari ta kwari kamar mealybug, aphids, sikelin kwari da thrips. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a kula da shuka nan da nan. Ya kamata a aiwatar da sarrafa sosai don kada ka cutar da kanka.