Pomegranate nasa ne na Derbennikovs. Wannan itace karamar bishiya ko tsiro daga Asiya ,arama, Iran. Akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire iri biyu - talakawa da Socotran. A gida, sun ƙunshi nau'ikan farko ne kawai. Tare da kulawa da ta dace, itaciyar ta fara yin fure kuma tana ba 'ya'yan itaciyar hatsi mai daɗi.
Bayanin
Goge harbe an rufe shi da itace launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Leaf tsari gaban, whorled. An fara amfani da faranti. Gefen waje na takarda mai sheƙi, ciki yana matte. Blooms mai raunin launi mai launin shuɗi akan gajerun kafaɗa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari an kafa su ne kawai a maimakon furanni masu kama da kullun furanni. Rumman fure na shekara-shekara.
Don haɓaka gida, rumman talakawa ya dace. A cikin daji yayi girma har zuwa 5-10 m. Diamita daga cikin 'ya'yan itace ya kai 8-18 cm. Masu kiwo sun bred da yawa mai yawa daban-daban da iri daga wannan nau'in. Rumman na dwarf akasari ana shuka su a gida. Ba ya girma sama da mita ɗaya, yana da ƙananan ganye, yana ba 'ya'yan itatuwa sama da 3 cm.
Shahararren nau'in rumman don gida
| Take | Bayanin |
| Carthage, Baby | A tsayin daka ba zai wuce mita ba. Kwatankwacin rumman na kowa, amma suna karami. Girma don dalilai na kayan ado, 'ya'yan itãcen ba su ci. |
| Flore Pleno | Ya girma a cikin Farisa, ba ya ba da amfanin gona. Ya girma zuwa mita uku zuwa hudu. Abun launuka masu haske da suke kama da carnations. |
| Flore Pleno Alba | Guda ne da Flore Pleno, amma fure fure-fari furanni. |
| Sau biyu fure | A cikin inflorescence guda ɗaya akwai furanni daban-daban na inuwa: m, ruwan hoda, ruwan dusar kankara-fari. Suna da monophonic ko tare da ratsi, cike da juna. |
Rumman pomegranate yana girma a cikin daji, ba ya ƙunshi a gida. Wurin haifuwar daji shine Tsibirin Socotra. Dankin yana da rassa mai yawa, ƙananan furanni ruwan hoda, ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganye masu zagaye.
Kulawar Gida
Rumman ba shi da ma'ana a cikin kulawa, tare da haɓaka gida da wuya akwai matsaloli.
Haske
Don haɓaka mai zurfi da fure-fure a shekara, ciyawar tana buƙatar haske mai yawa. A cikin lokacin dumi, ana bada shawara a adana shi akan loggia ko titi. Samfuran manya sun girma sosai cikin rana. Matasa tsire-tsire suna buƙatar da farko a sa su a kan titi na tsawon awanni biyu zuwa uku, da rana, a sake shirya su a inuwa mai ɗaukar hoto, don kada ultraviolet ya haifar da ƙonewa zuwa ga ganye.
Bai kamata a sanya tukwane a cikin windows windows ba. A lokacin rana, ya zama dole don kare bushes daga haskoki na ultraviolet.
Tare da rashin hasken wuta, ana bada shawara don sanya shuka a ƙarƙashin phytolamps. A cikin duhu, zai daina fure da sauke ganye. A cikin hunturu, ana kara awowi zuwa sa'o'i goma sha biyu.
Na yanayi zazzabi
Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine + 25 ... + 30 ° C. Lokacin da waɗannan alamun ke ƙaruwa, dole ne a motsa itacen zuwa wuri mai sanyi. Dakin da shuka yake yakamata ya kasance yana da iska a kai a kai, yayyafa daji tare da ruwa mai laushi. A cikin shaye-shayen, pomegranate sun yi hasarar ganye da budsan itacen, yana rage jinkirin girma.
Shuka baya yarda da yanayin zafi. Idan tukunyar da shuka tayi a waje, a + 15 ° C dole ne a shigo da ita cikin ɗakin. Tare da raguwa alamomi a ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, garnet ya mutu.
Watse
Itace tana buƙatar yin matsakaici don shayarwa daga watan ƙarshe na bazara zuwa Satumba. Ana samarwa ta hanyar bushewa saman ƙasa ƙasa.
Idan itace mai shekaru 5-6 ya kasance tazarar hunturu, ana shayar da kowane mako hudu. Samfurorun samari - sau ɗaya kowace kwana bakwai. Pomegranate bar ta rashin himma jihar a cikin watan da ya gabata na hunturu, kafin fure shi yana bukatar yawan ruwa.
A karkashin yanayi na halitta, fure na fure a cikin fari da zafi, matsanancin danshi zai kai ga faduwa buds, fasa a cikin 'ya'yan itace. Amma ɓarna zai haifar da sakamako mara kyau: zai tsokani faɗuwar gas ɗin.
Jin zafi
Tare da bushe iska, kuna buƙatar fesa fure da sararin samaniya kewaye. Nan kusa ana bada shawarar saka kwari tare da ruwan sanyi, sannan a goge ganyen yau da kullun tare da daskararren rigar, kuma rigar tsaftace dakin.
Wuce kima zafi ba da shawarar ba. Don rage shi, iska ta yau da kullun ɗakin zai taimaka. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a guji zane-zane.
Kasar
Itatuwan rumman yana buƙatar ƙasa mai ruɓi, mai numfashi tare da matsakaiciyar acidity. Yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da abin canzawa don begonias kuma ya tashi bushes. A kasan tukunyar da ake buqatar shimfida buɗaɗɗun yumbu ko magudanar bulo.
Manyan miya
Daga Fabrairu zuwa Yuni, rumman yana shirya don kakar girma. A wannan lokacin, yana buƙatar takin mai magani wanda ya ƙunshi nitrogen da phosphorus sau biyu a wata. A cikin kaka, an canja itacen zuwa gaurayar potassium.
Ana amfani da takin mai magani zuwa rukunin rigar. Mafi dacewa lokacin shine gobe bayan shayarwa. Saboda haka tushen ba ya samun ƙonewa, an shirya miya mafi kyau da safe ko maraice.
Lokacin da pomegranate ya girma don amfani, takin daji da hankali. Zai fi kyau maye gurbin gaurayawar ma'adinai (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) tare da kwayoyin halitta (alal misali, taki ko ash) domin nitrates kar ya tara a cikin .a .an. Bugu da kari, adadin wuce kima na karin nitrogen zai iya haifar da rashin fure. Idan an sayi takin mai magani a cikin shagon, ana bada shawara don bayar da fifiko ga 'ya'yan itace da gaurayar Berry.
Mai jan tsami
Don yin dakin rumman kama da kyau, Bloom profusely kuma kai 'ya'yan itace, tana bukatar pruning. Itace tayi girma da sauri. Ba tare da pruning ba, yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa a cikin shekara. Haka kuma, harbe suna haifar da kambi da ka, saboda haka shuka ta rasa bayyanar ta.
Lokaci na farko ana yin shukar a farkon lokacin girma. Idan aka aiko da shuka don hutawa a wuri mai duhu a cikin hunturu, bayan farkawa dole ne a yanka. Don haɓaka Branch, an datse ciyawar a saman toho tana duban waje, ta bar odesan wasan biyar.
Dole ne a ɗauka a hankali cewa furanni sun bayyana ne kawai a kan harbe mai shekaru ɗaya mai ƙarfi. Sabili da haka, lokacin yin pruning, kuna buƙatar yin hankali don kada ku lalata su.
Pomegranate za a iya girma a matsayin daji tare da manyan rassa uku zuwa biyar. Idan ka sare tumatir, zaka sami itace mai rassa hudu, karami mai tushe.
A lokacin bazara yayin lokacin ciyayi, ana kuma yin yankan rassan da ba dole ba, babu wata illa daga gare ta. Bayan fure, idan babu amfanin gona a kan rassan, an yanke su. Har ila yau, an cire harbe mai rauni.
Juyawa
Ba a ba da shawarar matasa bushes don sake yin shekaru biyu zuwa uku ba. Lokacin da suka sami ƙarfi kuma suka girma, tsarin tushen zai rufe dunƙulewar ƙurar ƙasa, ana aiwatar da dasawa ta hanyar canja wuri zuwa tukunyar 2-3 cm mafi fadi. Yin shi mafi kyau a cikin Maris:
- Ana fitar da magudanar ruwa da karamin sirin daga turf, humus, ciyayi mai yashi da yashi daidai gwargwado. An sanya daji tare da dunƙule ƙasar a tsakiyar sabon tukunya.
- Ragowar sararin samaniya yana cike da ƙasa. A lokaci guda, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa babu wani abin voids da ya bayyana a cikin tukunyar cakar-tukunya.
Kowane bazara, ana yin jujjuyawar a cikin tukunyar filawa. Lokacin da daji ya kai shekaru shida, ana dasa shi (idan ya cancanta) a cikin tukunyar tukunyar-dansandan. A cikin ɗan rumman girma, zaku iya canza saman duniya kawai.
Tukunya mai dacewa
Tushen bishiyoyin suna yadawa a farfajiya, saboda haka kuna buƙatar zaɓar babban tukunya, amma tukunya mara nauyi. A lokacin da girma a gida, da shuka fi son kusa kwantena. A cikin irin wannan tukunyar-tukunyar-tukunya, rumman fure-fure mafi yalwa. Don ɗan ƙaramin daji, tukunyar lita 5 ta isa. Dole ne a sami ramuka a ƙasa don malalewa.
Rumman na yaduwa
Rumman yana yaduwa:
- ta hanyar tsaba;
- tare da kasusuwa;
- yanke;
- alurar riga kafi.
Tsarin iri
Lokacin yin yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, dole ne a ɗauka a hankali cewa nau'ikan rumman ne kawai ya dace da ɗaukar kayan shuka. Iri daban-daban ba su riƙe alamun mahaifiyar daji. Ana tattara tsaba daga itacen fure ko a cikin shaguna.
Saukowa kamar haka:
- Ana shuka soyayyen har tsawon awanni 24 a Kornevin.
- Dasa kayan yana bushe kuma an shuka shi cikin kwandon shara tare da ƙasa mai laushi.
- 'Ya'yan itacen an rufe su da polyethylene ko gilashi, an sanya akwati a cikin greenhouse a wani wuri mai haske. Ana shuka tsaba a kowace rana.
- Lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe, ana fesa shi da ruwa mai ɗumi, an shirya shi. Karofin farko sun bayyana bayan sati biyu zuwa uku.
- Abubuwan da aka harba suna shiga cikin tukwane na mutum lokacin da ganye uku suka bayyana akan su.
Bushes girma daga tsaba Bloom da kuma samar da amfanin gona kawai bayan shekaru biyar zuwa takwas. 
Yaduwa da tsaba na cikin rumman na cikin gida
Tsararren iri
Kasusuwa na girma ana ɗauka daga manyan 'ya'yan itace, waɗanda aka farfashe. Ba shi da wahala a zaɓe su: suna da launin fata-mai kauri, mai kauri. Green da tsaba masu laushi don haifuwa ba za su yi aiki ba. Neman saukowa a watan Afrilu:
- An cire naman daga kasusuwa, an wanke su da ruwa mai sanyi (yana yiwuwa tare da ƙwayoyin potassium), kuma an bushe sosai. Godiya ga wannan jiyya, an guji Rotting, dasa kayan da ke kula da germination har zuwa watanni shida.
- Kafin dasa shuki, an shuka tsaba tsawon rabin rana a cikin maganin tare da digo biyu na uku na Zircon ko Epin. Ba lallai ne su kasance cikin ruwa gaba ɗaya ba, suna buƙatar isashshen sunadarin oxygen.
- Dasa cikin substrate zuwa zurfin 0.5-1 santimita a cikin tukunya tare da malalewa.
- An sanya kwandon a cikin wuri mai dumi tare da haske mai kyau. Yayinda farfajiyar ƙasa ke bushewa, ƙasa tana daɗaɗɗa da ruwa mai laushi mai ɗumi.
- Lokacin da ganyayyaki biyu ko uku suka bayyana akan shuki, ana jujjuya su cikin tukwane na dindindin tare da kewaya mai zuwa santimita shida.
- Harbe na santimitaimita goma, da samun nau'i biyu na ganye, tsunkule don inganta shaƙatawa.
Tare da wannan hanyar girma, ana lura da fure ne kawai bayan shekaru 6-9. Bugu da kari, daji ya juya ya zama babba, maiyuwa bazai dace da girman gidan ba.
Farfagandar ta yanke
Wannan hanyar ta fi dacewa da haɓakar cikin gida saboda yawan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da kuma adana ire-iren halayen mahaifiyar. Lokacin dasa shuki a lokacin rani, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar harbe-daɗaɗɗun tsintsiya madaurin kafa na cm 10 cm, tare da huɗu huɗu zuwa biyar. A cikin hunturu, an zaɓi kayan dasa guda, amma an rage yawan germination, yana buƙatar ƙarin lokaci don tushen. Saukowa kamar haka:
- Ana kula da yankan tare da Kornevin.
- An cire ƙananan ƙananan kodan biyu daga kayan dasa.
- Ana sanya matakan a cikin sako mai narkewa a cikin kwana na 3 cm zurfi. Tare da rufe fim ko gilashi. Aired kowace rana, fesa, shayar kamar yadda ya cancanta.
- Rooting na faruwa bayan watanni biyu zuwa uku. Dole ne a ɗauka cikin zuciya cewa wasu daga cikin harbe suka mutu. Bayan cikakken rooting, zaka iya dasa bushes.
Flow zai fara shekara mai zuwa. Rumman zai kawo 'ya'ya a cikin yanayi biyu.
Alurar riga kafi
Akwai 'yan itacen da aka girka a hannun jari. An ɗauka daga kurmin ingantaccen itace. Alurar riga kafi za'a iya aiwatar ta hanyoyi da yawa. Idan scion ta zama tushe, fure zai fara ne cikin shekaru uku zuwa hudu.
Mr. mazaunin rani yayi bayani: rashin shiga yanayin hutu
Harkokin hunturu ya zama dole idan ba zai yiwu ba don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai ɗumi da ingantaccen haske a lokacin sanyi. Lokacin dormant yana daga marigayi kaka zuwa Fabrairu, an sake shirya fure a cikin daki mai sanyi, da wuya ba'a shayar da shi ba.
A zazzabi a daki da haske mai kyau, hibernation ba lallai ba ne. Kuna iya tsawa da lokacin hasken rana da taimakon phytolamp. A wannan yanayin, fure da fruiting zai kasance har a cikin hunturu.
Cutar da kwari
Pomegranate na cikin gida yana da haɗari ga cututtuka:
| Cutar / kwaro | Bayyanar cututtuka / Sanadin | Hanya ta rabu da mu |
| Powdery mildew | Farin farin da yadudduka launuka masu launin ruwan kasa sun bayyana akan kore. A pathological yanayin ne ya sa ta hanyar fungi. Sun fara kira saboda rashin samun iska, raguwar yanayi a yanayin zafin jiki, da kuma yanayin da bai dace ba. | Maganin 5 g na soda, 1 lita na ruwa, 5-10 g na sabulu zai taimaka. |
| Ciwon daji na reshe | Itace a jikin rassan suna ta fashewa, ana lura da kumburi a gefen raunuka. Sanadin cutar ya ta'allaka ne da lalacewa ta inji, sanyi. | An yanke rassan da aka shafa, an yanke cut ɗin, an sarrafa shi ta hanyar lamb var. |
| Gangan hatsi | A kan ganye na ganye na launuka iri-iri ana kafa su. Wannan na faruwa ne tare da wuce haddi a cikin ƙasa. | An dasa daji zuwa cikin wani akwati tare da sabon ƙasa. Idan an lura da lalacewar tushen, ana yanke wuraren da abin ya shafa. |
| Whitefly da aphid | Kwari ci ganye, daji ya zama mai rauni. | Idan akwai pestsan karin kwari, ana cire su da hannu. Idan mummunan lalacewa, ana kula da shuka tare da magunguna: Fitoverm, Spark, Karbofos da sauransu. |
