Medlar (Lokva) Sesek ko Eriobotria shine tsire-tsire masu ƙyalƙyali mai zurfi waɗanda ke cikin dangin Rosaceae, Apple mai daɗaɗɗiyar ƙasa. An gabatar da shi ga Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha a ƙarni na 19; a yanayi yana girma a kan tsaunin tuddai. Yankin rarrabawa - Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Himalayas, Rum, Caucasus, Crimea, China, Japan, Turai. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu sihiri, mai siffa-pear tare da dandano ta Apple, apricot ko strawberry. Ku ci 'ya'yan itãcen marmari na medlar raw kuma ku dafa jam, jellies. Ba a adana su na dogon lokaci, basu dace da fitarwa ba.
Bayanin da fasalin medlar
Madara tana girma har zuwa 8 a yanayi, lambuna - 3 m, a ɗaka - 1.5 m Yana blooms farar fata ko cream, inflorescences suna jin daɗin jin daɗi da daɗewar farin ciki tare da bayyanar su. An rufe gangar jikin tare da kambi mai raɗaɗi, harbe suna cikin farashi, nau'in al'adun ba su da su. Tushen tushen an branched, located kusa da ƙasa. Bar har zuwa 12 cm tsayi kuma 6 cm m, nuna, oblong, lokacin farin ciki tare da takaice petioles da duhu veins. Daga ƙasa suna fesen, daga ƙasa mai haske, koren duhu.
Darajarta tana wakilta ta wurin 'ya'yan itace mai laushi (a cikin tsaba 3-5), waɗanda aka tattara a gungu ɗaya girman plum. Mai dadi ko mai-zaki, gwargwadon matsayin narkar da shi, ya bayyana a lokacin bazara. Itace na rayu shekaru 40 ko fiye. Madara tana girma a gida cikin manyan filayen furanni, ɗakunan shara, da katako.
Iri Medlar
Guda uku ne kawai aka ƙidaya. A cikin aikin lambu, ana amfani da biyu - Jafananci da Jamusanci (Caucasian).
Jafananci
Evergreen, tare da ganye mai karammiski, fure a cikin Oktoba-Nuwamba, a cikin harbe na shekara ta yanzu, amfanin gona ya bayyana a watan Mayu-Yuni. Ku ci 'ya'yan itace nan da nan. A cikin 'ya'yan itacen, mai dadi tare da nama mai kwance, akwai kashi ɗaya, bawo yana da taushi, orange mai laushi. Ba ya jure sanyi.
Caucasian
Deciduous, rassan sprawling, samar da m kambi, gangar jikin tare da diamita of 15 cm, m waxy ganye a saman, blooms a watan Mayu-Yuni, m 'ya'yan itãcen marmari da m ɓangaren litattafan almara bayyana a cikin kaka.
Cancantar wannan nau'in ita ce cewa tana fure a cikin harbe na bara.
Ya halatta frosts. Ku ci 'ya'yan itace bayan daskarewa.
Masu shayarwa suna saje iri iri:
- Apirena - tare da kananan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari.
- Babban Evreinova - 'ya'yan itãcen 8 cm a diamita.
Stern (launin toka)
Shruban itace mai ɗorewa tare da furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara-fari da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kama da kananan apples
Daban-daban na medlar don adana cikin gida
Don girma medlar a cikin dakin, ana amfani da nau'ikan Jafananci:
- Frost - rawaya, mai haske, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari.
- Tanaka - mai daɗi da ɗanɗano, ƙirar pear, mai launi, ruwan 'ya'yan itace orange da ruwan hoda a ciki.
- Champagne - pubescent tare da mau kirim, launin rawaya mai duhu.
- Premier - orange-yellow.
- Sila - tare da dandano apricot.
- Victor - 'ya'yan itatuwa masu haske mai haske.
- Komunar - zagaye, tare da fata fata.
Girma medlar a gida
A cikin gida, Hakanan zaka iya samun itacen mai 'ya'ya, idan kun bi ka'idodi.
Medlar yana son haske, sanya gidan shukoki a kan taga sills yana fuskantar kudu ko gabas, a cikin gidajen katako, ɗakunan ajiya. A lokacin furanni, a wucin gadi haske zuwa 12 hours. Zazzabi + 18 ... +20 ° С, a cikin hunturu +5 ° С.
Haɗin ƙasa yana da rauni acidic, tsaka tsaki daga peat, humus da ƙasa mai ganye daidai.
Ruwa da shuka a gefen tanki ko a cikin kwanon rufi, bayan bushewa, saman ƙasa yana kwance. Ba a zubar da ƙasa, yakamata ya zama mai danshi don hana lalacewar tushe. A cikin hunturu, an rage yawan ruwa. Waterauki ruwa mai ruwa, zazzabi wanda yake digiri biyu a sama da yawan zafin jiki na ɗakin. An bushe, an cire rassan lalacewa a cikin bazara, an yanke su a cikin rabin farkon shekaru 2-3 na farko, kuma suna samar da kambi.
A cikin bazara kuma har zuwa ƙarshen kaka, ana shuka tsiro tare da ma'adinai da abubuwan haɗin Organic. A lokacin da samar da 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, 2 lita na ruwa, 200 g na taki da kuma 20 g na ash suna ciyar da. A lokacin furanni, ana buƙatar kayan miya na sama, kuma ana buƙatar potash don haɓaka mai aiki.
Treesananan bishiyoyi suna ba da takano sau ɗaya a wata, manya sau ɗaya a shekara. A lokacin hutawa ba su yi.
Matasa tsire suna dasawa a kowace shekara, sama da shekara 5 - bayan shekaru 4. Cire saman daga tushen sa har sai ya faɗi wani sabo.
Yankunan furanni a watan Oktoba-Nuwamba. Daga tsaba, fure yana farawa na shekaru 4-5, yan itace - 3. Furen su fari ne ko kirim da aka tattara a goga. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne kawai a lokacin rani, ana ba da shawara don barin guda 10-15 a farkon shekarar.
Tsarin kiwo
Medlar yaduwa a hanyoyi da dama:
- Ta hanyar tsaba - ana shuka tsaba a rana a + 18 ... +20 ° С. Abubuwan fashewa suna jefa. Bayan haka, an sanya su a cikin firiji don watanni da yawa (stratification), sannan a Kornevin na tsawon awanni 8. Sown zuwa zurfin 2-3 cm, a cikin jita-jita tare da magudanar 2 cm da ƙasa don furanni. Tare da rufe fim da iska. Harbi yakan bayyana ne bayan watanni 1.5. Lokacin da ganyayyaki 2-3 suka bayyana, sai su yi ruwa. Hakanan za'a iya shuka iri a cikin ƙasa.
- Yankunan shimfiɗa - tanƙwara rassan lafiya zuwa ƙasa (bayan yin juji a saman koda a cikin bazu), gyara shi. Don ƙarin ƙarfafa ƙarfafa Kornevin. Raba na bayan ci gaban tushe, dasawa.
- Yanke - yanke rassan ta 15-20 cm a lokacin fure. Ana bi da wuraren da aka yanyanka da baƙin gawayi. An yanka ganye da ¾. Dasa a cikin wani daban tasa, ƙirƙirar sakamako na greenhouse, shayar, bayan wata daya suka ɗauki tushe.
- Alurar riga kafi - wannan hanya tana amfani da gogaggen lambu. A matsayin amfani da hannun jari pear, Quince, hawthorn.
Cututtuka da cututtuka na medlar, matsaloli a barin
Ba a fuskantar da wuya ga Medlar zuwa cututtuka da kwari tare da kulawa da ta dace. 'Yan lambu da ba su da kwarewa suna da matsaloli:
- Lokacin da ganye bushe a gefen, to gaba daya - moisten busassun iska.
- Black spots ne cututtukan fungal. Rage yawan ruwa da kuma feshin ruwa.
- Idan ganye rasa su elasticity - sau da yawa shayar.
- Rotting daga cikin tushen - rage ruwa, bi da fungicide (Fitolavin).
- Ba ya Bloom, ba ya kai 'ya'yan itace - take hakkin na zamani hunturu dormancy. Dakatar da shayarwa da kayan miya.
- Blossoms rauni - inganta hasken wuta, yanke.
- Aphid, gizo-gizo mite - fesa tare da maganin sabulu mai wanki ko tincture na calendula da ruwa.
- Garkuwa - bi da su tare da Actofit.
- Kwakwalwa suna fumigated da hayaki taba.
Don rigakafin a farkon bazara, an dasa gangar jikin, rassan, ƙasa tare da ruwa na Bordeaux 3%.
Mista Dachnik ya ba da shawarar: medlar - kaddarorin amfani da contraindications
Medlar ya ƙunshi sukari, fiber, tannins, bitamin B, A, E, abubuwan ganowa, baƙin ƙarfe, sodium, phosphorus, zinc, selenium, potassium, sunadarai, carbohydrates. Barkari, ganye, shuka iri suna da mahimmanci. Ya ƙunshi acid Organic: malic, tartaric, citric. Calorie abun ciki na tayi shine 42 kcal.
Dankin yana da kaddarorin warkarwa da yawa:
- Normalizes narkewa, yana tsaftace jiki.
- Yana karfafa garkuwar jiki da juriya ga kamuwa da cuta.
- Arziki a cikin folic acid, aidin.
- Ganyayyaki suna maganin cututtukan ƙwayar cuta.
- Yana ba da taimako na 'renal colic', jin zafi tare da duwatsu a cikin mafitsara.
- Lowers cholesterol kuma yana cire salts na karafa mai nauyi.
- Tana da kayan da ake tsammani.
- Yada saukar karfin jini.
- Da amfani ga marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari mellitus (yana taimakawa wajen samarda insulin).
Ganyayyaki na tsaka-tsaki suna rage sha'awar kayan alatu, rage cin abinci. Vitamin A yana inganta kyakkyawan hangen nesa. Amfani da kayan kwaskwarima da yawa daga shuka don fata.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari mãsu contraindicated ga allergies, mutanen da fama da gastritis, ciki miki, cholecystitis. Abun cikin ganyayyaki ya ƙunshi cyanide glycosides, don haka shuka zai iya kawo fa'idodi ba kawai, har ma da lahani.
