Echinacea: bayanin, dasa da kulawa

Echinacea (Echinacea) tsirrai ne na ganye wanda ke na dangin Astrov. Yankunan rarraba - Arewacin Amurka, da Caucasus. A cikin Rasha, ta zama mafi so da yawa daga cikin lambu kawai a farkon karni na XXI.

Karo na farko Echinacea a matsayin ganye shine aka bayyana ta Karl Linney a tsakiyar karni na 50 na karni na XVIII. Amma bayan shekaru 40 sai aka rairata ta.

Bayanin Echinacea

Echinacea shine tsire-tsire mafi mashahuri a duniya. Yana da iska mai rarrafewa, tushen rhizome, madaidaitan katako mai tsayi kusan 2 m babba da ƙananan inflorescences-kwanduna. Lianshi mai ɗorewa, ƙirar almond tare da rimim mai ɗauke da tsari. Petals masu launin shuɗi, rawaya, alkyabba. Tsakanin rabin inflorescence yana da tsarkakakken burgundy launi tare da sautin launin ruwan kasa. Lokacin fure yana farawa daga tsakiyar watan Yuli zuwa Satumba. Ya zama cikakke don yin ado da lambun, wuraren shakatawa da sasannin gandun daji. Yawancin magoya baya na furanni sun fi son ta.

Amma, m da kyawawan furanni, mutane ba su san cewa wannan mu'ujiza shuka ne mai warkarwa da yawa cututtuka, karfafa rigakafi da tsarin.

Iri na Echinacea

Wadannan nau'ikan da suka fi yawa sune tsakanin masu furanni:

Daban-daban na Echinacea purpurea

Mafi mashahuri a cikin babban layi:

Girma echinacea daga tsaba da shuka a cikin ƙasa buɗe

Hanyar gama gari tsakanin lambu shine hanyar iri. Wannan hanyar yaduwa ta shafi tsirrai ne kawai. Hanyoyin haɗaka ba su riƙe halayensu don samar da kayan more rayuwa ba.

Kuna buƙatar siyan tsaba masu inganci kuma ku shirya tire tare da ƙasa. Da farko, a cikin Maris ko a ƙarshen Oktoba, shuka su zuwa zurfin 1-2 cm a cikin ramuka bayan 20 cm, kuma ku rufe su da ƙaramin ƙasa. Ikon zafi na yau da kullun, guji bushewar ƙasa. Ana lura da harbe-harbe na farko a rana ta 14 bayan shuka.

A ƙarshen bazara, ana ba su izinin dasa su a cikin ƙasa a cikin fure. Lalle ne haƙĩƙa, lura da karbuwa daga cikin sprouts.

Shuka shuka Echinacea da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa

Tsaba don shuka seedlings suna cikin soyayyar mai haɓaka haɓaka. Sown a watan Fabrairu a cikin akwati mai haske, ƙasa mai iska, mai zurfi ta kusan 7 cm kuma lura da nisa tsakanin su na kusan cm 5. Crowararrun filayen suna dafe, an rufe su da murfin (fim), an sanya shi a wuri mai kyau a + 13 ... +15 ° C. Suna yi shuka na kimanin wata guda. Lokacin da sprouts girma, an cire fim, lokaci-lokaci shayar. A farkon Mayu, ana aiwatar da seedlings a cikin iska, sannu a hankali suna kara tsawon lokacin da suke zaune a kan titi. Dasa bayan barazanar sanyi.

Don dasa shuki seedlings zaɓi wurin da-lit. Soilasa ta kasance da ƙasa, ba ta yashi ba. Idan ana buƙata, takin mai magani, ana amfani da peat, lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa mai acidic.

Ta tono ramuka 5 cm kuma kula da nesa na kusan cm 25. Ana zuba ƙaramin takin na musamman akan ƙasan. An sanya seedling a cikin ƙasa tare da dunƙule mai laushi.

Hanyar yaduwa na echinacea

Baya ga hanyar iri, samar da sabon echinacea ana yin sa ne ta hanyar dajin ya sare.

Raba Bush

Don mafi yawan ɓangaren, 'yan lambu sun fi so su yaduwar shuka ta hanyar rarraba daji. An ba da shawarar yin amfani da wannan hanyar da aka bayar da cewa shekarun echinacea shekaru 3-6 ne. Ana iya aiwatar da hanyar a kaka da bazara. Yi hankali da tono fure kuma raba shi zuwa sassa na 3 girma na girma. A sa a cikin rijiyoyin da aka shirya.

Yankan

Ana yin wannan hanyar a watan Yuni. An yanke yankan kuma an bar su a kan tushe don ganye guda biyu, kuma ana sanya lubricated wuraren yanka tare da mai haɓaka mai haɓaka. Sannan ana shuka su cikin ƙasa mai wadatarwa da danshi. Ya kamata yawan zafin jiki na dakin ya kasance tsakanin + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Bayan rabin zuwa watanni biyu, an dasa shuwatsun a cikin ƙasa.

Kulawar Echinacea

Tunda echinacea tsire-tsire ne marasa misaltawa, kulawa mai sauƙi ce:

• Yana da matukar muhimmanci a fesa shi sosai kuma koyaushe. Gardenerswararrun lambu sun ba da shawarar yin wannan da yamma bayan faɗuwar rana.
• Cire sako na yau da kullun, kayan miya, filayen ƙ asa da shingaye na kwari ana buƙatar.
• Ana ba da shawarar fitar da takin ƙasa sau biyu a shekara: a cikin Maris da bayan fure. Tsaba suna girbe daga furanni da aka yanyanƙa na shekara mai zuwa. Idan ba a buƙatar wannan, kuna buƙatar yanke bushe inflorescences zuwa fure na fure.
• A cikin bazara, yana da matuƙar mahimmanci a rufe furanni tare da cakuda ƙasa da takin peat ko humus, miya mai rikitarwa.

Cututtuka da kwari na Echinacea

Echinacea yana da ingantacciyar rigakafin kamuwa da cututtukan fata da cututtuka, amma wasu cututtuka na iya shafan sa. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a san dalilan su na hanzarta mamayewa:

• Fusariosis shine naman gwari a cikin ƙasa. Don kawar da cutar, kuna buƙatar cire tsire-tsire da aka shafa da ƙonewa.
• Powdery mildew shine dampar duniya. Yin aiki tare da ruwan Bordeaux zai dawo da furanni zuwa kamanninsu na asali.
• Farar fata - babban zafi. Don magance shi, yi amfani da maganin sabulu, tincture na tafarnuwa, fesawa da ruwa da sinadarai kamar Bona Forte.

Idan ka bi shawarwarin da ke sama, namowar echinacea ba zai haifar da matsaloli ba. Kowane shuka yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali.

Echinacea hunturu

Echinacea wata itaciya ce mai tsananin zafi wacce take jure hunturu ba tare da matsuguni ba kawai a cikin dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar kankara da kuma wurare cikin yanayi mai dumin yanayi. Saboda haka, don cikakken yaƙini, masana suna ba da shawara ga rufe furanni da bushewar ganye ko allura don taimaka musu tsira daga daskararru. Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga saukin kayan hunturu da farkon lokacin bazara.

Mista Dachnik ya ba da shawarar: kyan kayan warkarwa na echinacea

Wannan kyakkyawan fure ya ƙunshi kyan abubuwa masu warkarwa. A cikin magungunan jama'a, echinacea shine tushen tushen bitamin da ma'adanai. Daga ita sanya kayan ado, masks, balms, maganin shafawa wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga yaƙi da sanyi, cututtukan ciki, hanta, idanu.

Don sauri da tasiri na warkar da raunuka da ƙonewa ba tare da kunci ba, ana yin takaddun tsire-tsire da poultices. Don amfani da kuɗin duk shekara, magoya bayan magunguna na gida suna kula da wannan a gaba. Suna tattara furanni, ganye, tushen da mai tushe, waɗanda aka bushe a cikin matsakaici a cikin hasken rana, inuwa ko tanda akan yanki. Sannan a sanya su a cikin gilashin gilashi ko akwati, a kulle su sosai a ajiye su a zazzabi na + 20 ... +25 ° C. Tushen an fi girbe su a cikin fall.

Ana iya samun sauƙin shirya magunguna a gida:

• Game da mura, an shirya shayi: ana zuba cokali 1 a cikin ruwan zãfi 100 da kuma nace don awa ɗaya. An bada shawara don shan sau 3 a rana bayan abinci.
• Tare da ƙonewa, ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga furanni sabo yana taimaka wajen sauƙaƙa kumburi da warkarwa mai sauri.
• Tincture na Echinacea don rashin bacci da bacin rai: 15 g na tushen tushe ya zuba 120 ml na giya kuma ya bar awanni 24. Auki sau 3-4 a rana don saukad da 15-20.
• Decoction na mai tushe don cututtuka da gajiya: 1 tbsp. l bushe ganye zuba 300 ml na ruwa da tafasa tsawon minti 30 a cikin wanka ruwa. Cool kuma ɗaukar 1-2 tablespoon sau 3-4 a rana kafin abinci.

Echinacea yana contraindicated ga masu fama da rashin lafiyan, mata masu juna biyu, marasa lafiya da amosanin gabbai, cutar kuturta, tarin fuka da kuma angina.

Echinacea a cikin yanayin ƙasa

Ana amfani da Echinacea a cikin zane na lambu. An shuka ta cikin kungiyoyi, amma asters, phloxes da monards zasu kasance maƙwabta masu kyau a gare ta.