Passiflora shine asalin tsiro zuwa Colombia, kuma yana girma a Brazil da Peru. Wannan wakilin dangin Passionflower yana da kaddarorin warkarwa na musamman waɗanda Indiyawan suka yi amfani da su a ƙarni na 16.
Sanarwa Passiflora
Furen soyayyar yana iya zama shuki ko ciyawa tare da ganyayyaki masu kyau ko na filawa. Furanni sun kai 10 cm a diamita, fure akan dogayen dabbobin mahalli.
Akwai furanni biyar da sepals; akan tsakiyar jijiya suna da ƙananan matakai. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na Passiflora' ya'yan itacen marmari ne, wasu daga cikinsu, alal misali, Passiflora Blue ko Edible Passionflower, ana cinye su.
Iri Passiflora
Abubuwan sha'awar daji sun hada da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan 400, amma kaɗan daga cikinsu suna girma kamar furanni na cikin gida.
| Dubawa | Bayanin | Furanni | 'Ya'yan itacen |
| Cikin jiki | Liana magani tsaka-tsaki. | Babban, shuɗi, Lilac ko violet-fari tare da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. | Dadi mai daɗi, sikelin matsakaici. Jin zurfi. |
| Mai bakin ciki | Zuwa santimita 900. Liana mai tsuma rai, tana da tsauri mai tsauri kuma mara ma'ana a tashi. Aka rarraba a Latin Amurka. | 10 cm a diamita, fari, shuɗi ko shunayya. | 3-6 cm tsawo, 4-5 cm a diamita. Ellipsoid, rawaya. Ya ƙunshi yawancin hatsi masu launin ja. |
| Ciyar mai | 800-1000 cm, duhu kore liana. Bar 10-20 cm tsawo tare da serrated gefuna. | 2-3 cm .. M-fari tare da tsakiyar kore. | Ciyar mai, orange-kore, mai sihiri. Ana amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin cosmetology. |
| Canzawa | Flowering shuka tare da 'ya'yan itace mai guba marasa guba, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su sosai a cikin magunguna. Sanda yana da sinewy, flecy. | 4-6 cm a diamita, launin toka, fari ko m. | Rounded, orange. Matasa ya kai 2-3 cm a diamita. Balagagge yana aiki da ƙarfi. |
| Nama mai ja | 900 cm, ciyawar alkama mai kyau. Yana fasalta tsarin tushen tsayi. Bar har zuwa 20 cm a diamita, m. | 8-9 cm, an rufe kambi da yanki mai launin shuɗi. A petals ne purplish fari. | Green-rawaya Berry da fada a kashe bayan ripening. An yi amfani dashi ko'ina cikin abinci. |
| Laurel | Liana mai tauri har zuwa santimita 1000. Ganyen da aka nuna masu kyau an rufe shi da kakin zuma, sun kai 17-20 cm tsayi, 5-8 cm fadi. | Spherical, farin-violet, matsakaici matsakaici. | Ellipsoid, tsawon 7-8 cm, tsawon cm 3-6. Orange-rawaya kwasfa da farin m edible ɓangaren litattafan almara da tsaba. |
| M | Goge ko wakilin lianar har zuwa 500-700 cm tsayi. Rarraba a cikin Andes da New Zealand a tsawan sama da 3000 m. | 6 - cm 8. Farin-ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Babu kamshi. | Yana kaiwa cm 12 a tsayi, 5 cm a fadi. Ya ƙunshi ɓangaren litattafan almara na burgundy mai zaki da hatsi. Ciyar mai. |
| Reeda | Liana, huda a gindi, yakai cm 400-500. Gashi mai laushi ne, ganyayyaki suna da kamannin zuciya cm 10 cm. | 7-10 cm, lilac-fari, ruwan hoda ko ja da farin toka. | 6-7 cm a diamita, m, rawaya-ja. Kwasfa yana da santsi, jiki yana da ma'ana tare da baƙar fata. |
Kulawar Passiflora a Gida
Domin da perennial fure so zuwa na rayayye girma da kuma farin ciki tare da ta musamman furanni, yana bukatar tabbatar da dace kulawa.
| Gaskiya | Lokacin bazara / bazara | Lokacin sanyi / hunturu |
| Wuri / Haske | Don sanyawa a ɓangaren kudu ko yamma na ɗakin, guje wa hasken rana kai tsaye. Ana iya fitar dashi zuwa sabon iska a cikin dumin yanayi. | Hana haɓaka zane da bushewar busasshiyar iska. Hakanan wajibi ne don tsawan sa'o'in hasken rana tare da taimakon phytolamps ko luminescence. |
| Zazzabi | Kula cikin + 22 ... +25 ° C. Matsakaicin shine +30 ° C, amma a wannan ƙimar wajibi ne don tabbatar da yanayin zafi da ya dace. | Wajibi ne a tura shi zuwa iska mai sanyi tare da alamomin + 10 ... +14 ° C, a ƙaramin tsire ya mutu. |
| Haushi | Kimanin kashi 70%. Fesa soyayyar a hankali a duk ranakun 2-3, da nisantar lamba tare da furanni. | Tare da raguwa a cikin zafin jiki, ƙananan zafi daidai don ware yiwuwar cutar ko lalata. |
| Watse | Regular amma wanda ba a sani ba. Tabbatar cewa kasar gona ba ta bushe har zuwa ƙarshenta, kuma yalwataccen yumɓu ya kasance isasshen danshi. | Rage zuwa lokaci 1 cikin kwanaki 10. Musamman ma shuka ba ta da damuwa. |
| Taki | Yi amfani da kayan abinci na sama da na sama foliar a kowane watanni 1-2. Tsarin ma'adinai da kwayoyin halitta dangane da gansakuka, allura, peat da sawdust ɗin ma sun dace. | Kula da jikewar ƙasa, amma ba tare da buƙatar da ba dole ba takin. |
Girma Passiflora a cikin Filin bude
Hakanan za'a iya girma Passiflora akan shafin, idan an cika halayen da suka dace.
| Gaskiya | Lokacin bazara / bazara | Lokacin sanyi / hunturu |
| Wuri / Haske | Shuka cikin wurin da zai isa zuwa hasken rana, yakamata a sami canopies a saman. Mafi sanya a gefen kudu na gonar. | Tare da rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa +15 da ke ƙasa, kawo kwandon tare da shuka a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi (+ 10 ... +16 ° C), in ba haka ba sanyi zai rusa itacen inabi. Blue Passiflora za a iya barin zuwa hunturu a cikin ƙasa buɗe, tana da isasshen zurfi da tushe mai ƙarfi don yin tsayayya da sanyi. |
| Zazzabi | Afrilu-Oktoba ya fi dacewa da haɓakar waje, idan akwai mummunan yanayi da sanyi ba zato ba tsammani kuna buƙatar tura fure zuwa ɗakin dumi. | + 10 ... +16 ° С, idan an tashe shi, shuka zai rasa dukkan ganye kuma ba zai yi fure ba. |
| Haushi | Fesa kowace rana, cire saukad idan ya kasance tare da furanni. A kan ranakun bushe, moisten sau biyu. | Ya kamata a rage shi don kada kishiyoyin wuta su mutu. A kada iska ta bushe. |
| Watse | Ya kamata ƙasa ta kasance da danshi, musamman saka idanu a kan kwanakin zafi. A kai a kai daga lokacin da sabon tsiro ya bayyana (farkon lokacin bazara) har zuwa ƙarshen kaka. | Ba fiye da lokacin 1 a mako daya ba, in ba haka ba inji zai lalace kuma ya mutu. |
| Taki | Daidaitaccen ma'adinai ko na halitta, don samar da riguna na sama na ƙasa tare da allunan peat, ash ko yashi. Yi amfani da kwayoyi ba fiye da sau 5 a cikin lokacin girma. | Kar a yi amfani. |
Juyawar wucewar Passiflora
An dasa passiflora na tsofaffi sau ɗaya kowace shekara 3-4, lokacin da tukunya ta zama ƙarami.
- Da farko kuna buƙatar shirya substrate na takardar da ƙasa turf, peat, yashi, ash.
- Capacityarfin ya kamata ya zama 2-3 cm girma fiye da wanda ya gabata, domin tushen tsiron ya sami kwanciyar hankali.
- Yi ramuka na magudana a kasan tukunyar kuma saka polystyrene, yumbu mai yalwa ko ƙwai.
- Rarrabe ƙwallon ƙasa daga tsohuwar akwati tare da wuka mai gurbatawa kuma a hankali sanya a cikin sabon.
- Ara adadin da ake buƙata na ƙasa da ruwa a hankali.
Hanyoyin kiwo Passfilora
Passionflower ana yadu dashi ta hanyoyi guda biyu: ta tsaba da kuma ciyayi.
Yanke zai fi kyau a bazara.
- Shirya kwantena tare da magudanar ruwa da sirinji dangane da peat, allura da yashi.
- Rarrabe harbe tare da ganyen lafiya 2-3 tare da almakashi.
- Bi da wuraren da aka yanke tare da murhun gawayi ko kirfa.
- Sanya sandunan a kwantena da aka shirya.
- Createirƙirar yanayi na greenhouse: rufe tare da jaka ko fim, yin iska, sanya a gefen rana, kula da yanayin zafi da laima.
- Da zarar sprouts samar da karfi tushen tsarin, suna bukatar da za a dasa shi cikin daidaitattun tukwane.
Ta hanyar shuka, yaduwa yafi wuya. Wannan hanyar tana da kyau don aiwatar da bazara.
- Da farko kuna buƙatar lalata ɓarin kwasfa na ƙwayar ta hanyar shafa shi akan kyakkyawan sandpaper.
- Sanya ruwa a rana.
- Yi ƙasa mai gina jiki tare da peat kuma yada tsaba a farfajiya na akwati.
- Latsa, amma kada ku binne su a cikin substrate fiye da 0.5 cm.
- Createirƙirar yanayi na greenhouse: rufe tare da jaka ko fim, yin iska, sanya a gefen rana, kula da zafin jiki mai santsi (+22 ° C) da gumi.
- Bayan tsawon lokaci daidai (har zuwa shekara 1), harbe-harbe na farko sun fito, to lallai ya kamata a cire murfin kuma an dasa shi a cikin kwandon mutum.
Cututtuka, cututtuka da yiwu matsaloli Passfilors
| Kwayar cuta Bayyanar Leaf | Dalilai | Matakan magancewa |
| An rufe tushen da mai tushe tare da duhu mai duhu mai duhu. Dry, Fade. | Na kwayan cuta rot. | Yanke wuraren da kamuwa da cuta nan da nan, goge tare da mafitsacin soapy mafita, kuma shafe ƙasa. |
| An bushe ƙare. | Ryaurawar iska, yawan ruwa marar daidaituwa. | Soilara ƙasa da iska. |
| Weakananan rauni harbe. Mara lafiya | Rage abinci mai gina jiki, rashin ingantaccen haske. | Sanya fure a cikin wani cikakken cikakken, amfani da phytolamps. |
| Itace cike da launin shuɗi. | Kwayar cuta ta kamuwa da cuta. | Cire tsire daga wurin, in ba haka ba kamuwa da cuta zai shafi sauran furanni. Ba za a iya bi da su ba. |
| Rouruwar da harbe-harben suka mutu, ire-iren halayen sun bayyana. | Garkuwa. | Mafi yawan aiki shine Bi 58 ko kuma sabulu. |
| Smallarin ƙananan kwari, ganye mai wrinkled, ciyawa mai narkewa. | Aphids. | Maganin lemon zest, Actofit. |
| Karamin yanar gizo a kan dukkan tsire-tsire. | Spider mite. | Inganta tsarin ban ruwa, Neoron, Fitoverm. |
| Farin cikin jijiyoyi, farin itace, yana mutuwa, yana mutuwa. | Thrips. | Fitoverm, Aktara, Mospilan, Actellik ko Calypso. |
