Kaluzhnitsa (daga tsohuwar Rashan "Kaluzh", fadama) itaciya ce mai tsiro mai tsiro a cikin yankuna mara laima. Yana faruwa a cikin yanayin yanayin yanayin zafi, da kuma a wasu yankuna na arewacin, misali, a cikin Arctic da Scandinavia.
Bayani da fasali na kaluzhnitsa
A herbaceous perennial nasa ne a cikin iyali Ranunculaceae. An bambanta furanni ta wani launi mai launi mai cike da ganye da tsayin 40 cm zuwa 3. Ya girma mafi yawa a cikin fadama, amma kuma ana iya samunsa a kan busasshiyar ƙasa, muddin ana ruwa sosai a wannan yankin. Saboda tsananin hunturu (yana tsayayya da yanayin zafi har zuwa-35 ° C) a Rasha ana yin dasa shi a cikin ƙasa.
Tushen tsarin bashi da tushe. Sheet faranti suna da yawa, ya bambanta dangane da wurin. Kusa da ƙasa sun fi girma, 15-20 cm a girma, a tsakiyar sun riga sun zama ƙarami kuma akan gajerun petioles. The mai tushe ne fleshy, musamman kusa da tushe. Ofarshen ganye kuwa sessile ne. Tana mayar da martani ga tsawon lokacin bayyanar hasken rana, nadawa a cikin bututu.
Shuka tayi bayan shekara 8 na ci gaba sau daya a shekara. Inflorescences na buɗe, ana iya kasancewa daban ko ɗaya a kafa ɗaya. Blossom a ƙarshen Afrilu ka riƙe har zuwa ƙarshen Mayu. An yi tayin cikin farkon watanni na bazara. Launi na fure ya dogara da takamaiman nau'in calendula. Zai iya zama fari, launin rawaya mai haske, amber.
Iri da nau'ikan kaluzhnitsa
| Dubawa | Bayanin | Bar | Furanni |
| Thin-caked | Matakai har zuwa 35 cm, kai tsaye. Petioles ya kai tsawon 5 zuwa 25 cm. | M, game da 10 cm tsawo, serrated gefen. | 2 a kan tsayin daka guda ɗaya, tare da farin petals da farin rawaya mai haske. Girma har zuwa 2 cm. |
| Iyo | Tsarin kifayen ruwa, wanda aka gwammace don amfani dashi a cikin tafkuna na ado. | Rounded, kai girman 4 cm. Ci gaba a saman ruwa. | Babban isa, har zuwa 4 cm a diamita. Launi fari ne. |
| Yanar gizo | Babban bambanci shine yawan fure. Hakanan ana rarrabe ta da tushe mai tushe. | Isar da cm 15-Kodan-mai siffa, a kan petioles har zuwa cm 30 Launi launin duhu ne. | ,Aramin, rawaya, har zuwa guda 20 akan wani daji. |
| Marsh | Tsawon sama ya kai 60 cm, an gina tushen tushe. Kara ana haɗa shi lokacin da yake girma. | Zuciya-mai siffa, tare da gefuna mara kyau, fleshy, a haɗe zuwa dogon petioles. A ƙarshen lokacin furanni, sai suyi duhu sosai. | Inuwa masara, har zuwa 5 cm a girman. |
| Biyu | Ofayan mafi ƙasƙanci, mafi girman 10 cm. | 7 cm, santsi, mai kamannin zuciya. | Saboda tsayin daka mai tsawo, an fi samun nesa da daji da kanta. Fari, har zuwa 2 cm. |
| Daji | Zai iya kaiwa zuwa 1.5. Mafi yawa yana girma a rana ko a cikin inuwa m. | Siffar-ƙirar Kidal / zagaye, 14-15 cm. | A wata harba, 5-15 buds na haske inuwa of 3 cm a girma. |
| Duduk | Kafin samuwar inflorescences, tsayinsa shine 30 cm, bayan - har zuwa 120. Ya fi son wuraren inuwa. The mai tushe ne m. | Fata, yi girma sosai bayan fure zuwa 15 cm. | 5-7 cm, an shirya a cikin rukuni na 5-6 guda. |
| Fari | Perennial tare da tushen tsarin kusan cm 10. Yana girma ba fiye da 20 cm. | M, tare da mai kauri gefen da jeri jeri. | Single, fari, tare da 5-6 oblong petals. |
| Fantsama Terry | Yana girma ne kawai a cikin ƙasa mai laushi a cikin inuwa m ko ma kusan ba tare da rana ba. Dajin yana kafa kambi a siffar ƙwallo. | Zuciya mai siffa, kore mai duhu. | Tare da petals da yawa, terry, launi lemun tsami. |
| Ruwan Kwari | Kodan kusan ba reshe bane, ya kai 1.5 m, mafi yawa danda. | A gindin, babba, mai kamannin zuciya kuma ya kasance a haɗe zuwa kara, a saman - ƙarami, har zuwa 8 cm, tare da birni mai kama da birni. Bayan mutuwar furanni ya haɗu zuwa 30 cm. | Sunyi mafi dadewa, daga Mayu zuwa farkon Oktoba. Launi mai launin rawaya. |
| Da yawa | Daji mai yaji, 20-30 cm a diamita. | Duhu, tare da gefuna marasa daidaituwa, matsakaici. | Zinare, 8 cm. |
| Marsh squat | Itace tare da kara. | Da wuya a same shi a kan kara, inuwa mai cikakken kyau, tare da shimfidar zuciya. | Guda ɗaya, inuwa masara, daga 5 cm. |
Noma waje na calendula
Al'adar itace hunturu-Hardy, yana tsayayya da tsananin sanyi. Don wannan, ana iya girma a cikin ƙasa ba tare da digging ba a cikin lokacin sanyi. Tsara don hunturu kuma ba a buƙatar.
Za'a iya sanya Kaluzhnitsa cikin kwanduna don furannin ruwa, cike da ƙasa, kuma a bar shi a cikin tafkin a lokacin dumi. A wannan yanayin, kafin farkon sanyi na farko, dole ne a watsa shi zuwa ƙasa don kadawar kankara ta haifar da mutuwar tushen tsarin.
Saukowa
Zai fi kyau sanya seedlings a cikin ƙasa buɗe tsakanin Maris da Afrilu. Idan ƙasa bai rigaya mai dumin wuta ba kuma tana haƙa mara kyau, zaku iya jinkirta taron har zuwa tsakiyar watan Mayu. Tun da kalugnitsa mai sauƙin jure sanyi, ba shi da ma'ana don sarrafa zafin jiki na iska da ƙasa yayin lokacin shuka, amma ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa rauni da ƙananan tsire-tsire har yanzu suna iya mutuwa cikin mummunan yanayi. Saboda haka, idan daji bai kasance watanni shida da haihuwa ba, zai fi kyau a bar shi a cikin ƙasa kawai lokacin lokacin tsananin sanyi na dare ya gama tsayawa.
Ba a buƙatar ƙarin taki a lokacin shuka. Ya isa a hankali a rushe tushen rhizome, kuma a tabbata cewa an kula da ingantacciyar nesa tsakanin tsararran (10-30 cm, gwargwadon girman tsarin tushen tsohuwar shuka). Da farko, an ba da shawarar shayar da daji gaba ɗaya saboda da sauri yana fitar da sababbin asalinsu.
Kulawa da Kaluga a gonar
Tun da fure ne unpretentious, duk kula da shi za a iya iyakance ga yau da kullum watering. Koyaya, don sa shuka tayi fure sosai, ana bada shawara don ɗaukar matakan waɗannan:
- Fertilizerara takin zuwa ƙasa. Ya isa yin hakan sau daya a wata. M ma'adinai mai gina jiki hadaddun mataki.
- Raba tsarin tushe kuma dasa daji. Sama da shekaru 4, furen yayi girma sosai kuma yana asarar bayyanannun kyawun sa. Don kiyaye kyan gani, ya zama dole a raba daji ɗaya zuwa sassa da dama kuma ko dai a rarraba shi akan wurin, ko kuma a tono shi a cikin nisan aƙalla 30 cm daga juna.
- Sassauta ƙasa, cire ciyawa.
Sake bugun
Ana iya aiwatar da haifuwa ta ciyawa ko ta zuriya. Hanya ta biyu ita ce mafi rikitarwa kuma ba wuya.
'Ya'yan Kaluga da sauri sun rasa germinsu, saboda haka an bada shawarar tara su kuma dasa su a watan Yuni, kai tsaye bayan fitowar su. Farkon huɗun zai fito a ƙarshen watan Agusta ko farkon Satumba.
Zai fi dacewa da aiwatar da haifuwa ta hanyar rarraba rhizome. Ba ya buƙatar yankewa, ya isa ya cire clods na ƙasa kuma yaɗa tushen kaɗan. Bayan dasawa, seedlings suna buƙatar a shayar da su sosai kuma sun yi jinkiri don kwanaki da yawa.
Cutar da kwari
Wannan inji takamaiman tsayayya. Ba mai saukin kamuwa da cuta, Rotting na tushen tsarin da kwari. Ruwan danshi mai narke kwari. Matsalar kawai da za ta iya faruwa yayin nono ita ce bushewa lokacin da babu ruwa.
Kaluzhnitsa a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi
Masu zanen shimfidar wurare suna amfani da fure koyaushe a cikin zane na wuraren jama'a da masu zaman kansu. Darajar kaluga farkon fure take da inuwa mai inganci. Saboda waɗannan sifofi, sun gwammace su dasa shi a cikin sanannen wuri, ƙirƙirar abubuwan furanni masu haske a lokacin bazara, da kuma lokacin farin ciki mai duhu mai duhu tare da tint mai haske a lokacin rani.
Mafi kyawun wurin shuka shine bakin tekuna daban-daban:
- rami na wucin gadi ko na halitta;
- marmaro;
- karamin kogi;
- multilevel (cascade) shigarwa.
Dasa shuka shine ya zama dole la'akari da halaye na fure. Tun lokacin bayyanar buds shine Afrilu-Mayu, a wannan lokacin bai kamata wasu al'adun da za su iya karkatar da hankalinsu da furanni masu haske ko kambi mai yawa ba.
Yana da kyau a shirya kaluga saboda daga baya a watan Yuni daga baya tsire-tsire suna fure a gefenta. Wannan ba zai ba da izinin fure ya kasance fanko na ɗan lokaci ba.
Ana iya dasa fure ba wai kawai a kusa da ruwa ba, har ma a kan hanyoyi, kewaye da shigarwa na dutse. Babban wuri ne don al'adu mafi girma. Babban abu shine a samar da ruwa akai-akai domin ganyen ya riƙe hasken su da lumushi. Dole ne mu manta game da ingancin ƙasa kuma musamman hasken wuta.
Wasu tsire-tsire na cannabis na iya girma ba tare da ƙarin tsari ba, yayin da sauran nau'ikan dole ne a dasa kusa da gine-gine, bishiyoyi ko kayan kayan lambu don su kasance a cikin inuwa don ɓangaren rana.
Mista Dachnik ya ba da shawarar: kyawawan kaddarorin cowskin da contraindications
Wannan al'ada tana cikin buƙata ta magani saboda abubuwan da ke tattare da abubuwan gano abubuwa. An yi imani cewa tsire-tsire yana inganta warkar da rauni, yana lalata ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma yana dakatar da haɓakar ciwace-ciwacen daji. A cikin magunguna, ana amfani da abubuwan masu biyowa ta hanyar shingehog:
- taimako na jin zafi;
- cire kumburi;
- rage zafi, lura da alamun zazzabi;
- kunkuntar hanyoyin jini;
- spasm taimako, kuma, a sakamakon, sakamako na anticonvulsant.
Kwararru suna fitar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace waraka daga mai tushe da ganyayyaki, sannan kuma suna amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen magunguna da kayan kwalliya iri-iri.
Koyaya, an hana amfani da tsire-tsire mai zaman kansa don dalilai na likita. Ruwan ya ƙunshi wani adadin guba, wanda zai iya haifar da baƙin ciki, ƙonewa na mecoranes, tare da sauran sakamako mara kyau. Kulawar da ba a sani ba tare da ita, musamman a tsarin maganin gargajiya, na iya haifar da mummunar guba.
