Clematis wakili ne na buttercups, wanda ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Daban-daban nau'ikan pebnious herbaceous da nau'ikan nau'ikan su ana shuka su ne a shafuka.
Kyau mai kyau sosai na ayaba ana bambanta shi da launuka da yawa. Ya kamata a lura cewa su dangi ne na rubabben rububin da ba a ɗauka ba. Kowane iri yana rajista tare da Royal Horticultural Society.
Bayanin
Ba'a bada shawarar tsire-tsire daga rukuni na ƙarshen don sake shuka ba. Wannan na iya haifar da mutuwarsu. Bayyanar ganye ya bambanta da iri-iri. Mai sauƙin kunshi farantin guda ɗaya, hadaddun galibi suna da fiye da uku.
Clematis na iya samun inuwa da yawa, daga cikinsu launin ruwan hoda, rawaya, magenta, farar fata, shuɗi mai ruwan sama da shuɗi karammiski. Lissafin wannan ba'a iyakance ga launuka da aka nuna ba.
Girman su na iya kaiwa daga 1 zuwa 20 cm. Theanshin clematis yayi kama da almon, primrose da jasmine. 'Ya'yan itãcen wannan shuka sune achenes. Hakanan ana rarrabe su ta hanyar kayan ado. Kayan azurfa suna ƙawata gonar har zuwa ƙarshen kaka.
Shuke-shuke suna girma a cikin gandun daji, bushes, steppes, cliffs. Ana iya samo clematis daji (wani suna don Clematis) a bankunan kogi da ƙasa mai gishiri. An yi bayanin irin wannan kewayon ta hanyar rashin fassararsu.
Clematis yana tsayayya da ƙarancin zafin jiki da fari.
Lokacin dasa shuki tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa bude, ya kamata masu kula da lambu su kula da yanayin ƙasa. Liana mai siffar siffa galibi suna hawa da hawa. Tsawonsa yawanci ba ya wuce mita 5.
Tsarin Clematis
An rarraba nau'ikan Clematis, yana mai da hankali kan:
| Lokacin ruwa. | Akwai kungiyoyi 3 a cikin duka. Na farko ya hada da tsire-tsire waɗanda suka yi fure a lokacin bazara da farkon bazara. Na biyu ya ƙunshi inabiyan inabi, a cikin abin da corollas ya bayyana sau biyu lokacin bazara. Bayyanar inflorescences a wannan yanayin daban. Na uku ya ƙunshi nau'ikan da suke farin ciki tare da corollas mai haske a cikin Yuli da Agusta. |
| Siffar, ƙawa da girman furanni. | Clematis ya bambanta a inuwa (daga kodadde da kamshi) da kuma hanyar sikelin (sautin biyu, bayyananne). Corollas na iya yin kama da kararrawa, miya da taurari. 'Yan lambu sun shuka tsirrai biyu mai sauƙi a cikin shirye-shiryen. |
| Bukatar pruning. | Lokaci na cire kayan da ba dole ba yana tattare da yawan furanni, yin sabo da samuwar sabon harbe. |
Lomonosas manya da ƙanana-flowered.
Jinsunan Clematis
Shuka ba ta ɗaukar sarari da yawa. Don tallafi, ana amfani da ƙarin kayan aikin lambun. Tsarin su na iya bambanta.
Obelisks, bango, matakala, trellises da arches an yi su da katako da ƙarfe. Don namo, ana amfani da grids, rarraba zuwa sel mai siffa mai murabba'i.
Mafi na kowa iri:
| Dubawa | Bayanin | Furanni / iri |
| Kai tsaye | Height - har zuwa 1.5 m, kafa madaidaiciya mai tushe, yi ado gonar daga Mayu zuwa Yuni. Yana ba da iri-iri, akwai buƙatar tallafi. | Karamin farin corollas diamita - daga 1 zuwa 1.5 cm. |
| Duk ganye | Girma - daga 0.6 zuwa 1 m, fruitsa silveran itaciya na azurfa sun bambanta da yanayin sifa. Madaidaiciya mai tushe dole ne a ɗaura su da ƙananan na'urori. Yana fure a farkon lokacin bazara. | Single violet, petals lankwasa a waje.
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| Harshen Tangut | Creepers (tsayin ba ya wuce 4 m), 'ya'yan itãcen marmari na ado ne, ana buƙatar tallafi. | Rawaya mai launin ja. |
| Alpine | Tsawon - 3 m, manyan ganye, halin da fata mai rufi. Blossom yana farawa a watan Agusta. |
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| Flowery (Florida) | Tsawon tsayi na iya kaiwa fiye da mita 3, ƙanshi mai ban sha'awa. Karamin furanni. Fushin sanyi, rashin tsoron rana. |
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| Mountain (Montana) | Height - 9 m, kaifi da ƙananan ganye, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin bunches. Turare mai kamshi. |
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| Violet (Vititsella) | Corollas yana da sauƙi, tsawon harbe yana 3.5 m. Lokacin fure yana daga Yuni zuwa Satumba. Ganyen wani nau'in hadaddun. |
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| Burnonawa | An rarrabe su ta hanyar saurin haɓaka, tsawon harbe ba su wuce m 5. Cikakkun ƙwayoyin ganye na launin kore mai duhu. Yana fure a tsakiyar lokacin bazara. | Whitean farin fararen kaya da aka tattara a cikin inflorescences. |
Kayan Clematis
Kurangar inabi ta manne ta hanyar mai tushe da ganye. Single kananan corollas tara a inflorescences.
A kan clematis na ado, an samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu zagaye. Ladwararar Leaf ta banbanta cikin ruwan ɗabi'a da kuma sifa mai ban sha'awa.
Wadannan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar tallafi mai ƙarfi. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙyalli mai nauyi na babban maɗaukakin sarki. Don cimma matsakaicin sakamako na ado, ana dasa su a wuraren da ke da kariya daga iska.
Daban-daban na matasan clematis tare da hoto da kwatancinsu
Iri daban-daban wanda aka san shi da mafi girman kayan ado:
| Iri daban-daban | Bayanin |
| Tsuntsu mai launin toka | Blue-purple, mai jagora zuwa ƙasa. Lokacin fure yana tsawan watanni uku. |
| Ville de lyon | Otsan buɗe ido launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi, fure mai launin shuɗi, haske mai launin rawaya mai haske. Diamita na furanni daga 9 zuwa cm 6. Lokacin buɗewa ya dogara ne lokacin da girkin ya auku. |
| Nelly Moser | Furanni masu ruwan hoda masu launin furanni waɗanda aka yiwa furanninsu ado tare da tsageran burgundy. Corollas mai siffar tauraruwa zai iya kaiwa cm 16 a diamita. |
| Manufa | Furen furanni, diamita wanda ya kasance daga cm 16 zuwa 20. Anthers ya bambanta a cikin matan wani inuwa baƙi. |
| Jacqueman | Rawanin rawaya, shuɗami shuɗi. |
| Wuta mai launin shuɗi | Buɗe furanni, launin launi biyu. Yi ado gonar har zuwa tsakiyar kaka. Diamita bai wuce 15 cm ba. |
| Comtess de Buschaux | Manyan launuka masu ruwan hoda mai haske. Yana da furanni 6, waɗanda ke da gefunan wuta. Anthers rawaya inuwa. |
| Taiga | Terry lemun tsami-purple furanni. Zasu iya zama da sauki kuma hadaddun. |
| Manchurian | Tsawon - 3 m. Fuskar Leaf a gaban. Furanni furanni sun ƙunshi fure 3-7. |
Shuka tsaba
Su manya ne, matsakaici da ƙarami. Godiya ga nau'ikan tsaba, masu kwarewar lambu suna da damar ƙirƙirar sabbin nau'ikan matasan.
Lokacin shuka shine dogaro kai tsaye akan girman. Ana sanya ƙananan ƙarami a cikin ƙasa da aka riga aka shirya a cikin bazara (Maris-Afrilu). Ana shuka manyan tsire-tsire a ƙarshen kaka ko a farkon watanni hunturu.
Saukowa sauran da hannu a cikin Janairu. Don kimanta lokacin fitowar tsiron, an shuka tsaba tsawon kwanaki 10.
Lokacin shirya substrate ya zama dole don amfani da peat, ƙasa da yashi. Ana ɗaukar dukkanin kayan abinci daidai gwargwado. A sakamakon cakuda ne moistened.
A mataki na gaba, yada tsaba. Tsarin ya kamata ya zama na bakin ciki da kuma uniform. An rufe su da yashi, wanda sai an danƙaƙa shi kadan. Bayan haka ya rage rufe murfin da gilashi.
Kulawar seedling
Abubuwan da ke haifar da harbe-harbe suna buƙatar haske. A lokaci guda, ya kamata a kiyaye su daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Ana gudanar da ɗaukar hoto Clematis bayan na farko na ganye na ganye ya faru.
Tsakanin tsire-tsire ya kamata ya zama tazara ta zama daidai da cm 15. Sakamakon pinching na lokaci, tushen sa yana girma da sauri.
A lokacin kaka, ana buƙatar rufe seedlingsa seedlingsan seedlings. Ana aiwatar da aikin dasawa a cikin bazara, zurfin maɓuɓɓugar kogon da aka gama shine 5-7 cm.
Clematis dasa a cikin ƙasa bude
Don girma clematis, kuna buƙatar yanke shawara akan wurin da za'a dasa shi. Zai fi kyau zaɓi tuddai.
Yarda da wannan yanayin zai hana tushen tsarin lalacewa saboda kusancin ruwan karkashin kasa.
An haramtawa Clematis tsananin shuka a kusa da bangon. In ba haka ba, ba za a iya kiyaye ƙura ta ƙasa ba.
Wani lokaci zuwa ƙasa
Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka shine watan Agusta da Satumba na ƙarshe. Warasa tana sama da kyau, don haka seedlingsan seedlings suna da lokaci don ɗauka. Matsaloli tare da hunturu yawanci ba sa tasowa.
Idan aka dasa shuki a buɗe ƙasa, zai yi bazara mai zuwa. Lokacin shirin tsarin aiki, mai kula da lambun yakamata yayi la'akari da yanayin yanayin clematis seedlings.
Lokacin dasa ruwa
A shirya seedling dole ne a kalla daya shoot.
An shirya gado kamar haka:
- tona rami;
- ana sanya cakuda magudanar a kasan ta;
- shirya kasar gona idan ba m. Dole ne a yi wannan shekara guda kafin shuka;
- kafa goyon baya wanda tsayinsa bai wuce 2.5 m;
- an zuba ƙasa mai-kyau a cikin rami;
- shuka clematis;
- ruwa da shuka;
- ciyawa rami tare da cakuda peat.
Tsakanin tsararren tsiro - akalla mita ɗaya.
Autar saukowa
Lokacin dasa, kiyaye waɗannan ƙa'idodi:
- an aiwatar da aikin a farkon Satumba;
- Wajibi ne a hana shigar da ruwa ruwa da bushewar kasa.
- ƙasa za a iya shirya shi daga humus, alli, yashi mai kauri, ash da peat;
- idan ƙasar a cikin zaɓaɓɓen yankin yana da halin ƙara yawan acidity, to lallai ne ya zama keɓaɓɓe. Don dasa, tsaka tsaki da ƙasan alkaline yakamata a yi amfani dasu;
- yakamata itace yakamata yakamata yataya. M gaban layering.
Ragowar dasa ana yin su ne daidai da tsarin da aka ƙayyade a sakin baya.
Kula da Clematis a cikin lambu
Clematis shine tsire-tsire wanda ke buƙatar yin ruwa na yau da kullun, kwance ƙasa, mulching ƙasa. Saboda wannan, an rage adadin ciyawa, ana riƙe danshi, an kuma hanzarta girma da shuka.
Dole ne a ɗaure Clematis, wanda ya kasance cikin manyan (tsayi) iri, a ɗaure.
In ba haka ba, harbe, ana nuna shi ta hanyar sassauci, sai a rikice, wanda aka ɓata shi da lalacewar budsan itacen da yayi fure. Kafin farko na hunturu, clematis bushes murfin. Ana iya yin wannan ta amfani da ƙirar "iska".
Manyan miya
Don cimma fure mai yawa, ana amfani da takin mai magani bisa ga wani tsari. Haka kuma, dole ne su sami daidaituwar ruwa. Singlearamin sabis guda ɗaya ana zubar da kan motsi nan da nan bayan an shayar da ruwa.
Don shirya abun da ke ciki, boric acid, wani bayani na potassium permanganate, urea, mullein, ammonium nitrate, da droppings kaza galibi ana amfani da su. Kwayoyin halitta suna hade da abubuwan hade ma'adinai.
Ana yin riguna na farko na farko bayan bayyanar kore taro, na biyu - a farkon farkon fure, na uku - bayan ƙarshensa.
A cikin bazara, ana kula da tsire-tsire tare da madara daga lemun tsami. Gano abubuwan yayin girma. Tare da yawan wuce haddi na phosphates, alamun chlorosis na faruwa.
Taimakawa Clematis
Kamar yadda na'urori don clematis, ana amfani da tsarin musamman. Ko da kuwa irin nau'in tallafi, diamita na sashin da za a karfafa shi 1.2 cm.
Tare da haɓakar clematis sun sami nauyi, ana iya lura da wannan musamman bayan ruwan sama. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa mai kula da lambu, lokacin zabar tsari, yana buƙatar kulawa da mai nuna ƙarfi.
Clematis pruning
Ana buƙatar wannan matakin don ƙirƙirar wakilan kowane nau'i. Wajibi ne a aiwatar da abubuwa uku. Na farko - kafin saukowa, na biyu - a cikin Yuli, na uku - a cikin fall.
Yayin aikin, an cire wani ɓangare na harba. An daidaita makircin, la'akari da yawancin clematis, wurin girma, adadin buds.
Clematis bayan fure
Lokacin shirya don hunturu, shuka yana cire ruwan wukake na ganye, yana kula da wuya tare da abun da ke kunshe da sinadarin tagulla.
Wani mataki na wajibi shine narkarda sinadarin clematis.
Ana iya haɓaka jerin abubuwa ta hanyar tsari daga ganyayyaki bushe, akwati na katako, rufin ji. Na ƙarshen dole ne a murƙushe shi da duwatsu. In ba haka ba, zai canza.
Sake bugun Clematis
New clematis samu ta hanyar tsaba, cuttings, layering da matasa harbe. Mafi yawanci ana amfani dashi don dalilai na kiwo.
Lokacin sayen seedlings, ana bada shawara don kula da:
- lalacewar inji
- tushen tushe;
- harbe da aka dasa tare da buds;
- lokacin sayayya.
An shuka yaduwar cututtukan clematis ta hanyar grafting akan nau'in hunturu-Hardy.
Raba Bush
Ana yin wannan aikin idan shekarun clematis bai wuce shekaru 6 ba. In ba haka ba, ba za a iya magance matsalolin da ke tattare da tushen tushen tsaran ba.
A hanya mai sauki ne:
- tono itacen inabin;
- kawar da ita daga ƙasa.
- a yanka wannan ɓangaren tsire-tsire wanda akwai tushen asalinsu.
Rarraba yana buƙatar aiwatar da kansa a lokacin bazara ko a lokacin bazara. Idan daji yayi girma sosai, zai ishe ka raba sashin al'adu kawai.
Maimaitawa
Tsarin rabuwarsu da dasawa ba shi da wahala. Yin amfani da wannan hanyar, ba za ku iya samun fiye da 10 shuka ba.
Ana amfani da hanyar a cikin lokacin kaka. Ta haka ne hanzarta samuwar da karfafawar clematis.
Dole ne mai lambu ya bi sawun:
- An yi kara a kusa da shuka, zurfin wanda yake 10 cm;
- zabi harbe;
- cire foliage;
- gyara internodes;
- fada sassa na shuka m ƙasa.
Sakamakon aikin gado ne wanda akan ɗora firam ɗin cm 20 zuwa.
Yankan
Ana aiwatar da hanya tare da budding. Biostimulants suna tarawa a cikin ƙwayoyin clematis. Don haɓaka da alama mai tushe, yi amfani da matakai na gajere.
Bayan cikakken yankan, sun kasu kashi-kashi, kowannensu yakamata ya sami kumburi ɗaya. Ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman a kan hanyar da aka yanke: an yi babba a madaidaiciya, ƙaramin mai ɓoye ne.
Cutar da kwari
Ya kamata a hana canje-canje na ƙwayoyin cuta. Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa:
| Dalilai | Kwayar cuta | Matakan magancewa |
| Powdery mildew | Farar farar fata a sassa daban daban na shuka. | Spraying daji da abin ya shafa tare da Fundazol da Azocene. |
| Grey rot | Dry launin toka-launin ruwan kasa a kan mai tushe. | |
| Kafa | Mai saurin bushewa. | Yanke sassan da abin ya shafa. Yin aiki tare da mafita na potassiumgangan, baseazole, jan ƙarfe-sabulu emulsion. |
| Rawaya mai launin rawaya | Ganyen rawaya. | Cikakken lalata tsirrai. |
| Fusarium | Discoloration da curl na ganye. | Yin rigakafin: kiba. Babu magani, an samar da cikakkiyar kawar. |
| Tsatsa | Orange pads kan ganye ruwan ganye, nakasawa da lalatattun sassan tsiro. | Bakin Chloride Fesa. |
| Ascothychosis | Necrotic aibobi. | Bakin jan karfe. |
Clematis galibi ana haɗa shi da gyaran wurare. An fi son tsire-tsire iri iri. Ba sa bukatar mafaka. Yin shuka a waje da kuma kulawa ba su da wahala.
Clematis za'a iya dasa su duka daban da sauran tsire-tsire na lambu, kuma tare da su. A tsakiyar layi, ana shuka waɗannan tsire-tsire a cikin lambun furanni iri ɗaya tare da hawan wardi, ɗaukaka na safe da kobe.
