Violet ko viola horned (Viola cornuta) sun fada cikin ƙauna tare da yawancin lambu saboda kyawawan bayyanar ta, farkon farkon fure, juriya ga sanyi da cuta mai saurin kisa. An yi amfani da shi ko'ina a cikin zane-zane.
Bayanin
Wannan tsiro na zamani yana cikin 'yan taran' Violet ', dangin Violet-like. Zai iya isa masu girma dabam (a tsayi) har zuwa cm 26 Furanni suna da ƙanshi mai daɗi, girma a cikin diamita daga 2.5 zuwa 5 cm. Ganyaye suna da tsayi, suna kama da fuka-fuki mai buɗe ido. Girma a cikin kananan bushes, wanda, lokacin da aka dasa kusa, samar da wata irin magana.
Violet din sunanta zuwa ga appendix wanda yake a bayan furen, mai kama da ƙaho ko spur. Wasu daga cikin halittun wannan zamani basu da irin wannan sanannen Kakakin.
Anyi amfani dashi azaman kayan ado a cikin aikin lambu tun ƙarshen ƙarni na 18th.
Fuskar fitilar murfi itace mai jan iska wanda, godiya ga rhizome mai gautsi, tana yaduwa sosai. Tsirrai guda 2-3 a shekara ta biyu na iya rufe yankin kusan mil 2 2. m. Bushes girma furanni. Don haka akan viola ɗaya zaka iya kirga har zuwa sittin sittin da fure mai fure.
Ganyen tsirran suna da duhu kore, m, a gefuna wasu nau'ikan akwai nau'ikan hakora masu zagaye. A kan dogayen zanguna akwai furanni guda, a tsakiyarsu akwai “ido” launin rawaya ko ruwan lemo. Akwai launuka da yawa na filayen a jikinsu, ana sihirce su ta hanyar hanyar amfani da hybridization. Zasu iya zama: lilac, yellow, orange, violet, burgundy, da dai sauransu Akwai kuma nau'ikan violet mai launi iri ɗaya, waɗanda aka fi amfani dasu a cikin ƙirar manyan lambunan furanni, da kuma a cikin shimfidar wurare. Akwai nau'ikan iri iri kuma tare da haɗe da launuka iri ɗaya na launi iri ɗaya, irin waɗannan sun shahara tare da lambu mai son.
Wani amfani da ba makawa na murfin violet shine dogon fure. Yana farawa a watan Mayu kuma ya ƙare a ƙarshen Satumba. A cikin bazara - ganiya ta wannan tsari, furanni sune mafi girma kuma akwai da yawa daga cikinsu, ta kaka lokacin wannan tsari sannu a hankali.
Jin daɗi kuma ku more fure mai ƙarfi a wuri guda tsawon shekaru 5, sannan kuna buƙatar dasawa zuwa wani.
Edanƙwalwar violet: iri
A halin yanzu, masu shayarwa suna haɓaka sababbin nau'ikan violet. Amma lokacin dasa shuki, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa sun tsira daga cikin hunturu mafi muni kuma suna buƙatar da kyau a rufe su a wannan lokacin. Kuma wasu daga cikinsu tsirrai biyu ne, ba 'yan shekara biyar. Mafi na kowa sune nau'ikan da ke biye.
| Digiri | Bayanin Bayani / Flowering |
| Molly Sanderson | Suna da launi daban-daban: baƙar fata ko shuɗi mai duhu tare da rawaya mai launin shuɗi a tsakiyar furen. Bushes ɗin yana yaɗuwa, yayi girma zuwa 15 cm a tsayi. Ganyen suna kore, masu haske a rana. Yana da madaidaiciyar juriya ga sanyi, amma har yanzu wajibi ne don rufe su don hunturu. Zai fi kyau shuka a cikin wurare masu duhu, a can za ta fi jin daɗi fiye da rana. Ana farawa a watan Afrilu. |
| Rifkatu | Tsawon bushes ɗin ya kai cm 15. Ana jin daɗin masu girbin fure don tsayi da fure mai tsayi. Ya girma tare da magana marassa katako. Yana da kyau a lokacin da aka dasa shuki kusa da shuka. Petals suna da launin rawaya mai launi a cikin launi, shanyewar shunayya suna kan gefen. A cikin zafi, shuka yana buƙatar shayarwa. Daga farkon watan Yuni har zuwa farkon sanyi. |
| Kayan Fox | Launin furanni launin fari-fari ne. Ana amfani da rayayye don saita gadaje na fure, kuma wasu lokuta iyakoki. Ya girma duka a cikin inuwa m da rana. Rimaukar daren sassa na shuka don hunturu ba zaɓi bane. Daga farkon watan Mayu zuwa Satumba. |
| Kwalba Kwalba | Bushesarancin bushes - ba fiye da cm 10. Furanni masu launin shuɗi ne. Yana girma mafi kyau akan haske, ƙasa mai laushi. Daga Maris zuwa sanyi na farko. |
| Viola columbine | Itace tana rarrafe, tana kai cm 20. Ganyen suna daɗaɗɗa, kore a launi, tare da manyan hakora a gefen. Furanni masu launuka masu launin shuɗi masu launin fari, shuɗi da tabarau na Lilac. Fi son sako-sako da, ƙasar m. Idan hunturu ya fita tare da karamin dusar ƙanƙara, ana bada shawara ga rufe tsire-tsire, alal misali, tare da rassan spruce. Daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba. |
| Sorbet wi-ti-ti | Canjin yanayin wannan iri shine canjin inuwa a lokuta daban daban. Da farko ana fentin su da shuɗi, sannan shuɗi ya bayyana, kuma a ƙarshen fure - dusar ƙanƙara-fari. |
| Farin Ciki | Furanni masu furen fari ne kuma ainihin launin rawaya ne. Resistant zuwa sanyi. Ana amfani dasu a cikin shimfidar wuri mai shimfidar ƙasa kamar dasa shuki a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi. |
Wannan shi ne kawai karamin jerin nau'in violet. Akwai da yawa daga cikinsu.
Siffofin namo da kulawa
Fitar da violet - perennial, matasan iri na iya zama biennial ko shekara-shekara (idan an dasa shuki a buɗe ƙasa seedlings). Wannan tsire-tsire ba shi da ma'ana ga yanayin girma, amma idan ka la'akari da wasu abubuwan da ake sonta kuma ana kulawa da su sosai, zai fi kyau a yi fure da faranta wa manoma.
Kasar
Yana girma a kusan kowane ƙasa, amma a kan sako-sako, mai haske, ƙasa mai ƙare tare da magudanar ruwa da pH na 6.8-7.2, yana jin daɗin daɗaɗɗa. Yana girma da yawa kuma yana fure a lokaci guda. Yana da mahimmanci ciyawa kasar gona. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da: duwatsu, magudanar ruwa, tsakuwa, ƙuƙwalwa da gansakuka. Saboda wannan, ana kiyaye danshi a cikin ƙasa, ciyawar tayi ƙasa da ƙasa kuma an wanke abubuwan gina jiki daga ƙasa.
Wurin saukowa
Yana girma mafi kyau a cikin inuwa m, kusa da takwarorinsu mafi girma, wanda zai kare violet daga faɗuwar rana. Ba shi da daraja dasa shuki a cikin inuwa kwata-kwata: tushe zai fara shimfiɗa, furanni kuma zasu zama ƙarami a ciki kuma su zama shuɗe. Bugu da kari, a nan ana kai mata farmakai da katantanwa, wanda baya kara kyau ga shuka.
Watse
Ya kamata ya zama matsakaici, ana samarwa yayin da ƙasa ke bushewa. A cikin yanayin zafi, ana shayar dashi sau da yawa. Idan mai lambun ba ya nan da ɗan lokaci kuma ba zai iya ɗanɗana ruwan violet din ba, za ta yarda da shi ba tare da ya mutu ba, amma furannin zai zama ƙasa da ɗan ƙaramin fure.
Tare da feshin yau da kullun (safe da maraice) yana girma mafi kyau.
Manyan miya
Ana aiwatar da shi a cikin bazara da ƙarshen watan Agusta. Ma'adinan ma'adinai da takin gargajiya a cikin mai rauni sun fi dacewa. Yana da kyau a tuna cewa kayan haram haramunne. Tunda yana da matukar m game da tushen furen, lalata shi.
Trimming da kuma ci gaba da kallon abin ado
Wani lokacin shuka yakan fara shimfidawa mai tsawo, wanda bayyanar sa ya zama mai kazanta. A wannan yanayin, an datse su, suna ba da karami kuma mafi kyan gani. Idan dalilin samun tsaba ba ya nan, zai fi kyau a cire wilted inflorescences. Don haka shuka ba zai kashe kuzari a kan girka su da kuma karin lada da kuma tsawon lokaci. Hakanan hanyace ta hana mutum yin shuka iri-iri.
Cin nasara
Gabaɗaya, violet ɗin yana da sauƙin sanyi-yana iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi har zuwa -23 ℃. Amma yana da daraja tuna cewa hybrids sun fi kulawa da sanyi kuma ya kamata a rufe shi da peat, ganye ko rassan spruce. Hakanan, sabbin furanni matasa da aka dasa suma sun sami mafaka domin lokacin sanyi.
Sabuntawa na kasawa
Sau ɗaya kowace shekara (3-5) yana da daraja a aiwatar da tsarin maimaita tsiron tsire-tsire. Lokacin da ya cancanci yin wannan, zaka iya lura da shi: furanni ƙanana da ƙanana. Don yin wannan, tono tushen da kuma raba zuwa sassa da yawa, transplanted zuwa wani sabon wuri.
Kiwo
An yada farfadowar tauraron kwalet din da yawa.
Kakakin Tsuntsu iri
Ana iya girma da tsaba. Suna yin wannan ta hanyoyi guda biyu: nan da nan shuka a cikin ƙasa ko a gaban shirye seedlings. 
Kayan Fox
Shuka tsaba don shuka
Ana shuka tsaba daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu. Yana da mahimmanci a la'akari da cewa da zaran ka shuka su, da sauri inji zaiyi fure. Lokacin daga shuka zuwa bayyanar furanni shine makonni 10-13.
Shirya cakuda abinci mai narkewa a cikin qasa, maganin kodin a cikin tanda don share cututtukan fata da fungi, kuma ku zuba tare da maganin Fundazole.
Wajibi ne don yin furrows a nesa na 1.5-2 cm daga juna, sanya tsaba a cikinsu, yayyafa su a saman ƙasa kuma fesa da ruwa daga bindiga mai feshin. Yana da muhimmanci a fayyace germin wani nau'in violet din kafin shuka. Zai iya bambanta daga 60% zuwa 95%.
Sa'an nan kuma akwati tare da tsaba an rufe shi da filastik kunsa kuma lokaci-lokaci shayar, ba shi yiwuwa a bada izinin cikakken bushewa na ƙasa. Mafi kyawun zazzabi don mafi girman germination shine +12 ... +18 ℃. Lokacin da farkon tsiron ya bayyana (bayan kimanin makonni 3-5), an cire akwati zuwa yanayi mai zafi (+ 18 ... +22 ℃). Wajibi ne a cire fim din na ɗan lokaci don yin iska. Tsawon lokacinta yana ƙaruwa lokacin da yake girma.
Lokacin da ganyayyaki 2-3 suka bayyana a kan shuka, yana da mahimmanci a ɗauka, a dasa a tsaka-tsakin 5-6 cm daga juna.
Yana yiwuwa a dasa a buɗe ƙasa a watan Mayu, ya wajaba a ruwa a kai a kai don sassaƙa ƙasa. Ana yin suturar farko ta farko bayan kwanaki 14, takin ma'adinai sun fi dacewa.
Shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa bude
Kai tsaye a cikin kasar ana iya dasa daga 10 ga Mayu zuwa 10 ga Satumba 10. Don irin wannan hanyar, tsaba da aka tattara da kansu sun fi dacewa, amma zaka iya amfani da waɗancan da aka saya, sannan kuna buƙatar la'akari da haɓarsu.
Kafin dasa shuki, yana da mahimmanci a kwance ƙasa kuma a sanya furrows a cikin abin da aka sanya tsaba, a yi barci a saman ƙasa kuma a shayar.
Harbi zai bayyana a farkon bazara a cikin bazara, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don kare daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Idan fure suka yi yawa, dole ne a dasa su. A watan Agusta, ana dasa tsire-tsire zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa. Idan ovaries na furanni sun bayyana, an cire su saboda kada ruwan abincin ya lalace, kuma violet ya tsira lokacin hunturu a cikin yanayi mai ƙarfi.
Lokaci na gaba, mai shuka zai gamsar da mai girki da kyawawan furanni.
Kayan lambu yaduwa da violet
An kasu kashi biyu.
Raba Bush
Lokacin da ya fi dacewa shi ne daga farkon bazara zuwa tsakiyar bazara.
Idan kun gudanar da shi a wannan lokacin, violet zai sami lokaci don haɓaka tsarin tushen kuma har zuwa kaka zai zama mai ƙarfi har ya tsira lokacin hunturu, idan kun yi rarrabuwa a gaba, yuwuwar mutuwar shuka yana da yawa.
Ana aiwatar da hanyar a cikin hanyar: an kakkarye daji, gutsuttsuran tushe tare da tushen rabu da shi. Raba sassa ana haƙa ƙasa tare da ƙasa a cikin inuwar sha, shinge daga wuri mai ƙarfi a cikin ƙasa mai laima. Yana da mahimmanci a hana ƙura ta bushe. Don tsire-tsire don tushe, yawanci makonni 2-3 sun isa. Buga mai zuwa, ana iya dasa su zuwa inda suka nufa.
Yaduwar reshe
Ofayan mafi sauƙi hanyoyin ƙirƙira. Wajibi ne a zabi tsinkaye da yawa, lanƙwasa shi, latsa shi a ƙasa a wurare da yawa tare da filastik ko ƙarfe na ƙarfe (zaku iya amfani da gashin gashi don dirka gashi), yayyafa, rufe wuraren gyaran haɗe tare da ƙasa kuma a kai a kai ruwa. Bayan kimanin wata 1, ana kafa Tushen a kan mai tushe wanda aka binne a cikin ƙasa kuma ya kamata a rabu da tsire-tsire na gaba ɗaya.
Yankan
Ana yin sa daga farkon Yuni zuwa ƙarshen Yuli. An yanke harbe a cikin yankuna 5 cm tsayi tare da ƙyallen 2-3 da ganyayyaki 3-4 akan kowane. A cikin akwati da aka shirya a gaba tare da ƙasa mai laushi, sun makale zuwa zurfin kusan 1-1.5 cm a wani kusurwa mai zafi. Akwatin an rufe shi da fim kuma a sanya shi a cikin wani wuri mai aminci ana kiyaye shi daga hasken rana mai haske. Sau ɗaya a rana, ana cire polyethylene don samun iska. Bayan kimanin wata 1, girma ya fara yankewa, wanda ke nuna tushen su. Yanzu ana iya dasa su a cikin bude ƙasa a cikin inuwa. A cikin wurin dindindin suna motsawa zuwa bazara mai zuwa.
Matsalar girma
Violet, kamar tsire-tsire masu yawa, mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban da hare-hare kwaro. Tebur da ke ƙasa yana nuna waɗanda aka fi sani.
| Cutar / kwaro | Kayar | Jiyya |
| Powdery mildew | Alamar baƙi da filashi na arachnoid sun bayyana akan mai tushe, ganye, da fure. | Wajibi ne don fesa shuka tare da wakilin antifungal. |
| Spotting | Cutar tana farawa a cikin ganyayyaki, sannan sai kara ta bushe. Zai iya shafan tsaba. | Ya kamata a haƙa gado kuma a kula da shi tare da magungunan rigakafi. |
| Kafa baki | Naman ya zama mai zurfi da duhu. | Dole ne a fitar da tsire-tsire, fitar da ƙasa kuma a bi da su tare da wakilai na anti-fungal. |
| Grey rot | Ruwan launi mai launin toka ya bayyana akan furanni, sannan fara jujjuyawar shuka ya fara. | Yana da Dole a bakin ciki da bushes, takin, bi da daga fungal cututtuka. |
| Balagaggun | Dukkan sassan shuka suna shafawa, akasari daga Mayu zuwa Yuni. | Feshi tare da jiko na taba da Chlorophos da zaran an lura da kwari na farko. |
Fuskar farar fata ba fure mai kyau ba ce kawai, wacce aka yi amfani da ita wajen dafa abinci tare da nasara. Furanni masu kamshi suna ba salati, kayan zaki, yogurts mai ɗanɗano sabon dandano, kyakkyawa mai kyan gani. Suna daɗaɗawa, daskarewa a cikin cubes kankara, suna yi masu ado da magani daban-daban.
