Wani mummunan haɗari na fungal wanda ke shafar tsire-tsire da 'ya'yan tumatir shine cladosporiosis. Wannan cuta tana da haɗari ga cucumbers, karas, amfanin gona Berry.
Sanadin samuwar launin ruwan kasa akan ganye. Sun fara yaƙar cutar a farkon alamar lalacewa. Don haka yana yiwuwa a karkatar da ci gaban cututtukan fungal. Yarda da fasahohin aikin gona don tumatir na girma, matakan kariya suna hana mutuwar tumatir.
Cladosporiosis ko launin ruwan kasa mai launin tumatir
Wata cuta ta hanzari da ke yaduwar cutar fulawa ta shafi faranti na ganye, goge-fure, ƙwaya, da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Hanyoyin launin ruwan kasa sun kirkiro a wuraren rarraba abubuwa. Saboda su, ana kiran cladosporiosis launin ruwan tabo. Yana da wuya rinjayar mai tushe, yayyafa tumatir, yafi tasowa akan foliage. Haske kore mai haske mara kyau na siffar mara daidaitacce ya bayyana a ƙasan farantin, sannan sai su fara duhu.
Na farko, daga ƙasa, sannan duhu, mai kama da tsatsa, ya bayyana a saman ɓangaren farantin takardar. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, cutar na yaduwa cikin sauri, a cikin 'yan kwanaki tsirrai na iya rufe gaba daya da aibobi.
Ganyen zai fara jujjuya launin rawaya, daji zai watsar da sakamakon kwayayen saboda karancin abinci mai gina jiki. Haka kuma cutar kan shafi tumatir waɗanda suke girma a gida.
Iri na tumatir masu tsayayya da cladosporiosis
Ana gudanar da aikin zaɓi koyaushe don haɓaka nau'ikan da ke tsayayya da shan kashi na cadadosporiosis. Mafi yawan nasara kiwo irin tumatir don rufaffiyar ƙasa (greenhouses, greenhouses, mafaka fim):
- ruwan hoda mai haske Pink F1;
- ja Spartak F1 mai bada ƙarfi
- Opera F1 mai ƙananan-fruited;
- sanyi Charisma F1;
- Fure mai lemun tsami F1;
- tsayi Marissa F1;
- tsinkayi gajere, baya buƙatar ƙirƙirar daji Bohemia F1 don hotbeds.
Masu shayarwa kuma suna haifar da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba su cutar da wannan cutar don narkarwar waje. Ya kamata a haifa tuna cewa iri ne dangin-gado za su gaji halaye na iri-iri kan abin da aka bred. Don kiwo, ana sayan tsaba da aka saya a shekara, tun da ba dukkansu ke gado halaye masu kyau ba bayan tarin gida.
Abun cuku-cuku don bude ƙasa tare da ɗan gajeren lokaci girma:
- farkon cikakke: Azumi da Fushin F1, Olya F1 mai sanyi-sanyi;
- precocious: tsayi Red Arrow F1, manyan largea fruan Ural F1;
- Tsarin tsakiya: Titanic F1, daidaitaccen Space Star F1;
- tsakiyar-kakar: wanda ba a fassara shi ba Nasha Masha F1, rawaya tare da guna dandano Khrustik F1, zoned Vologda F1.
Akwai tumatir zaɓaɓɓu da yawa waɗanda daga cikinsu zaku iya tattara tsaba don dasa: Faranta Aljanna, Giant, Red Comet, Raisa, Eupator, Funtik, Vezha.
Alamar rashin lafiya
Don adana amfanin tumatir, yana da mahimmanci a gane rashin lafiyar cikin lokaci. Lokacin da kwanakin zafi suke faruwa, kuna buƙatar bincika tsire-tsire akai-akai, kula da bayan ganyen. Cutar ta bayyana sau da yawa a cikin yanayin girma na aiki, yayin lokacin furanni. Wani lokaci aibobi suna bayyana akan tsire-tsire masu girma a gida - spores suna shiga cikin ƙasa.
Alamomin cutar:
- Dodan launin toka yana bayyana a kasan gefen takardar farantin, yana kama da jujjuyawar waje, a saman su ɓangaren da ke saman takardar yana haskakawa;
- na farko, an shafi ɓangaren ƙananan tsire, cladosporiosis yana haɓakawa a cikin hauhawar ɗaya;
- duhu spots bayyana, ganye ganye.
A mataki na karshe, launin duhu mai duhu ya kama dukkan sashin ganye, ya watsu cikin 'ya'yan itaciyar, sun zama masu laushi a wuraren raunuka.
Sanadin cutar ta cladosporiosis
Ana ɗaukar ƙwayoyin Pathogenic tare da gudanawar iska, ruwa. Spotting halayyar cucumbers, karas, strawberries, bishiyoyi. Ba shi yiwuwa a kare kansu daga garesu a cikin wani takaddar aladu mai kori ko kore. Ana iya samun sabani a kan sutura, kayan aikin lambu, kayan aikin. Bayan samun ganye, al'adar fungal ta tashi, tana ciyar da sel. Ana kafa Conidia akan ganye, suna iya kasancewa har zuwa watanni 10, lokacin sanyi.
Yanayin da bai dace ba don yaduwar kamuwa da cuta: gumi a cikin yankin na 80%, zazzabi sama da +22 ° C. A naman gwari kullum mutates, zai iya cutar da al'adu-resistant al'adu.
Jiyya na tumatir don cladosporiosis
Tumatir magani yana farawa a farkon alamar cutar. An zaɓi hanyoyin kariya daga matakin lalacewa. Na farko, ana amfani da wakilai marasa guba da masu amfani da ƙwayoyin halitta. Idan irin wannan magani bai fitar da sakamako ba, koma wurin amfani da sunadarai. Kafin aiwatarwa, an girbe girbi, 'ya'yan itaciyar ripeness sun mutu. Bayan sunadarai, tsire-tsire suna zama mai guba har tsawon kwanaki 10.
Chemical
Game da mummunan raunin da ya faru, lura da tsire-tsire tare da abubuwan ban ruwa na duniya tare da rawar gani mai yawa suna da tasiri, waɗannan sune Abiga-Peak, Bravo, Kaptan, NeoTek, Polyram, Polychom, Polycarbacin, HOM, shirye-shiryen Tsineb. Ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi bisa ga umarnin, ana gudanar da jiyya biyu tare da tazara mako-mako. Kada ku manta da kayan aikin kariya na sirri: yana da kyau a sa safofin hannu, mai numfashi. Don dalilai na prophylactic, ba a amfani da fungicides mai guba. Tumatir da ke girma a cikin ƙasa ana buɗewa da maraice, a lokacin ƙarancin ƙudan zuma, cikin kwanciyar hankali, yanayin bushe.
Kayayyakin halittu
Yana nufin dangane da abubuwan tsirrai, ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin fungal ba su da illa ga kwari, basu da gubobi masu haɗari. Don magance cladosporiosis ya shafi: Pseudobacterin-2, Strobi, Trichodermin, Fitolavin 300, Fitosporin, Effekton-O. Ana amfani da magungunan don dalilai na prophylactic a ƙarƙashin halaye masu kyau don haifuwa cutar.
Magungunan magungunan gargajiya
Don dalilai na hanawa, ana aiwatar da spraying na yau da kullun, an gurbata shi da ruwa 1:10. An hana yaduwar cutar ta hanyar magani tare da maganin maganin cututtukan gida.
A mataki na farin tabo, magani na yau da kullun tare da maganin aidin yana taimakawa: 15-20 saukad da aka gurza a cikin ruwa biyar na ruwa tare da ƙari na 500 ml na madara don mafi kyawun adon ruwan a cikin ganyayyaki. Don ciyar da foliar, ƙara 15 MG na alli chloride.
Maganin alkaline na itace ash yana hana haɓaka fungi: 300 an ƙara 1 lita na ruwa, an dafa shine maganin don minti 10-15. Don shirya mafita mai aiki, ana daidaita girman ruwa zuwa lita 10. Maganin yana wadatar da tsire-tsire tare da potassium. Maganin ruwan hoda na daskararre na ruwan hoda yana da irin wannan sakamako. Ana aiwatar da aiwatarwa da safe da maraice har sai alamun cladosporiosis ya ɓace gaba ɗaya.
Noma cikin ƙasa bayan wata cuta
Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine ciyawa ƙasa bayan ban ruwa. Tare da shan kashi mai yawa na tumatir, an zubar da ƙasa tare da mafita na ƙwayoyin fungicides. Phytosporin yana da tasiri a cikin bushe bushe: suna ƙura ƙasa a kusa da tumatir.
Mista Dachnik ya ba da shawara: matakan hana cutar ta cladosporiosis
Mafi kyawun rigakafin shine sharewar kaka na shekara-shekara. Bayan an girbe, yana da mahimmanci cewa greenhouse, kayan aiki, kayan aiki, da trellis ana bi da su tare da ruwa na Bordeaux: mafita na vitriol da alli. A hanyar, ana narke farkon vitriol a cikin karamin ƙaramin ruwan zafi, sannan a gabatar dashi cikin maganin aiki.
Don dasa shuki ta amfani da zubar da ruwan da ke zubowa. Dukkanin ragowar tsire-tsire suna ƙonewa; ba a yi amfani da su don shuka ba. Da kyau fumigating komai greenhouses, grayhouses greenhouses. Hayaki ya shiga wuraren da ba a shigowa da su.
Yana da mahimmanci kada a ƙara yin saurin ɗaukar ƙasa. A lokacin zubar, 'ya'yan itatuwa suna sanitized: ana cire su a gaban goga na farko, kuma an yanke sassan launin rawaya. Yana da mahimmanci a bi dabarun ban ruwa: ana ciyar da ruwa a cikin rafi na bakin ciki a cikin da'irar akwati, a hankali ana tunawa da shi.
Danshi yana ƙaruwa kaɗan tare da wannan ruwa. A cikin ruwa sama sosai, kuna buƙatar matsakaicin matsakaici, rage shi zuwa ƙarami. Tare da wuce haddi na takin mai magani na nitrogen, an samar da babban ganyayyaki. Manyan riguna ya kamata su zama cikakke, daidaituwa. Don namo, ya fi kyau ka zaɓi nau'ikan tumatir waɗanda ke tsayayya da cututtukan fungal.
