Yankin Moscow ba shi da dacewa sosai don ciyawar ciyawar: suna buƙatar dogon lokacin zafi, kuma a Yankin Moscow har zuwa 2/3 na hasken rana yana mamaye girgije. Koyaya, a cikin gidajen kore, wannan al'ada tana jin al'ada. Sakamakon nasarar shayarwa yana ba ku damar shuka iri na farko a filin buɗe ido, amma wannan aiki ne mai haɗarin gaske, kodayake a kudu na ƙungiyar eggplants a cikin lambun suna da lokacin shuka kusan kowane bazara.
Mafi kyawun iri don yankin Moscow
Tun lokacin da aka girka kayan kwai a cikin Yankin Moscow ya dogara da yadda yanayin yake yake, suna ƙoƙarin shuka nau'in nau'in sanyi da suka fi tsafta da wuri. Daga cikin nau'ikan da suka dace da iri-iri, alal misali, Giselle F1, Agat F1, Alyonka sun shahara, iri ne da aka keɓe don yankin Arewa Maso Yamma da Ural suma suna da kyau. A ƙarƙashin gadaje suna zaɓar wurare masu daɗi, amma a kowane hali, an dasa eggplant a cikin ƙasa mai farawa a ƙarƙashin shinge na haske.
Eggplant don buɗe ƙasa
Don irin wannan kayan amfanin gona kamar yadda aka shuka kwai, a cikin yankin da yake da hatsarin gaske ya fi kyau a yi amfani da 'ya'yan itace (F1), amma wasu tsoffin nau'ikan kusan sun yi kama da su. Yanzu ana ba da dama da yawa, amma dole ne mu fahimci cewa a cikin bayan gari idan kuna son shuka kwai a cikin ƙasa mara kariya, kuna buƙatar zaɓar da wuri ko ma iri-iri da iri. A cikin yanayin mawuyacin hali, zaku iya dasa tsakiyar-farkon, amma zasu buƙaci ƙarin kulawa da hankali.
- Agate F1 - matasan da ke da yawan gaske, suna da irin wannan gajeren lokacin girma wanda wasu lokuta zai iya yin ba tare da seedlings ba: a ƙarshen Mayu, zaku iya ƙoƙarin shuka tsaba a ƙarƙashin fim ɗin, har zuwa lokacin sanyi na farko, babban ɓangaren amfanin gona zai yaɗu. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na gargajiya ne don nau'in eggplant da launi, mai nauyin 200-250 g, yawan amfanin ƙasa. A iri-iri ne resistant ga cuta.
Agate F1 yana daya daga cikin fewan tsira da za'a iya girma a hanyar da ba a iya shukawa.
- Sancho Panza wani nau'i ne mai tsayi, mai ɗauke da ƙwayoyin fata mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi wanda yakai fiye da rabin kilogram. A iri-iri ne undemanding zuwa yanayi, da shuka ba ya mutu a m tabbatacce yanayin zafi, an kuma girma a Siberiya. Yawan aiki har zuwa 9 kg / m2.
- Bull Heart F1 - a tsakiyar farkon matasan, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari za a iya cire 4 watanni bayan shuka da tsaba. Tallan daji mai tsayi yana buƙatar ɗaure, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari masu kyau, masu nauyin 300-400 g, mai haske. Marasa lafiya matasan, fruiting ne kara.
Eggplant Bull Heart an sanya shi don girman da siffar 'ya'yan itacen
- Galina F1 - wani matattakalar wuri, mai tsayi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari cylindrical, har zuwa 15 cm tsayi, mai nauyin 200-300 g, mai sheki. Thewanƙwasa kusan fari fari ne, na ɗanɗano da aka ɗanɗano. Yawan aiki yana da girma.
- Esaul F1 - wani tsiro na balaga na matsakaici, bushes mai sikelin. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne na bakin ciki: har zuwa 15 cm tsayi, amma tsawon cm 3 kacal .. Matsakaicin adadin' ya'yan itacen shine 200 g, kuma matsakaiciyar yawan amfanin ƙasa. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne kore, mai dadi sosai.
Esaul yana da kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa
- Emerald F1 - eggplant tare da ƙanshin naman kaza da dandano, ana saninsa da karuwar sanyi da juriya na cutar. Kwanaki 100-110 sun shude daga shuka iri zuwa girbin 'ya'yan itace. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari kore ne, oval, mai nauyin har zuwa g 300. Ana ɗauka ɗayan ɗayan nau'ikan tsire-tsire waɗanda ba su da launin fata, mai iya haifar da' ya'yan itace a kowane yanayin yanayi.
Kwai na Emerald F1 baya cikin "eggplant" a cikin launi na 'ya'yan itatuwa masu dadi
- Lava F1 wani tsami ne mai samar da gwaggwabar riba, 'Ya'yan itaciyar farko sun fara kumbura da wuri, amma ana ci gaba da samun' ya'yan itace har sai sanyi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari kaɗan, har zuwa 150 g, sililin silsila, mai sheki. Tare da kulawa da hankali, yana nuna yawan aiki.
- Bourgeois F1 shine madaidaicin farkon cikakke. A daji sosai high, na bukatar tilasta samuwar, amma an halin mafi girman juriya ga cututtuka da kuma tsawo fruiting. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna da girma, suna yin la'akari har zuwa 500 g, mai kama da sifar ga tumatir, ana jigilar su da kyau har tsawon lokaci. Dalilin amfanin gona shine duniya baki daya.
'Ya'yan itãcen Bourgeois suna kama da tumatir baƙar fata
- Negus shine farkon iri-iri, shukar sa ta girma zuwa girman 60 cm a tsayi, sanyi ne mai tsayayya. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne mai siffa mai ganga, kusan baƙi, masu nauyi daga 150 zuwa 300 g, yawan amfanin ƙasa, ɗanɗano mai kyau. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari har zuwa farkon sanyi, manufar ta duniya ce.
- Sarkin arewa F1 wani tsari ne wanda ke da rikice-rikice masu rikice-rikice. Tun da yake ya shahara ko da a Siberiya, yawan ra'ayoyin game da shi yana da girma: saboda wasu dalilai, daga sha'awa zuwa "ba komai na musamman ba." Mai ikon kawo 'ya'yan itace a yanayin zafi ƙasa; akasin haka, baya son zafin zafi. Yawan aiki ya kai kilogiram 14 / m2 - ɗayan mafi girma ga al'ada. Daga seedlings zuwa shiri na farkon girbi yana ɗaukar watanni uku. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna da girma, dogaye da bakin ciki, ba daci.
Sarkin Arewa na da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu tsayi, galibi ma yana kwance a ƙasa
Eggplant ga greenhouse
Zai yi kama da cewa ana iya dasa kowane tsiro a cikin greenhouse. Amma, da fari dai, nau'in marigayi-ripening a cikin unguwannin bayan gari na iya girma ba a cikin greenhouse ba. Abu na biyu, ceton sarari, lambu suna ƙoƙarin girma tsayi da nau'ikan samfuri da kuma hybrids a cikin yanayin greenhouse.
- Vakula - da dama na farkon yin shuka, yana daɗaɗaɗɗen daji tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa. Yawan aiki har zuwa 13 kg / m2. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne elliptical, fadi, nauyi 300-400 g. Kusan dukkanin amfanin gona sun girma a lokaci guda, an adana su kuma a kwashe su. A iri-iri ne cuta resistant.
- Giselle F1 wani nau'i ne, duk duniya duka dangane da amfanin 'ya'yan itace da yanayin girma. A cikin katako mai kyau yana samar da har zuwa kilogiram 14 / m2, a cikin ƙasa mara kariya ta ƙasa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu nauyi zuwa 500 g, silili, ƙamshi don canza launin eggplant, ana adana shi na dogon lokaci. Farkon girbi ya kusan kwana 110 bayan shuka iri.
Giselle - ɗayan shahararrun ƙwayoyin kwai a cikin yankin Moscow
- Alyonka shine ɗayan mafi kyawun nau'ikan ƙungiya ta tsakiya, suna ba da 'ya'yan itace a cikin ƙwayayen fure mai haske. Haske kore ɓangaren litattafan almara yana ba da namomin kaza sosai. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu nauyi zuwa 300 g, matsakaita yawan amfanin ƙasa, kimanin watanni 3.5 sun shude daga shuka iri zuwa girbi.
Alyonka shine wakilin da ba kasafai yake wakiltar korayen kore ba
- Don Quixote shine farkon farkon cikakke ga kowane nau'in greenhouses. Siffar 'ya'yan itacen baƙon abu kaɗan: elongated eggplants har zuwa 40 cm tsawon faɗaɗa ƙasa. Yawan taro na 'ya'yan itacen shine 200-300 g, ɗanɗano yana da kyau, adadin ƙanana kaɗan. Babban dalilin shine na kowa da kowa.
- Sadakarwa - farkon farkon cikakke tare da 'ya'yan itãcen launuka masu launi mai laushi da siffar m. Bushes mai tsayi zuwa tsayin mita, matsakaicin yawan aiki. A iri-iri ne capricious, za a iya girma ne kawai a cikin mai kyau greenhouses: shi samun sauƙin rashin lafiya tare da fungal cututtuka a lokacin sanyi karye.
- Balagur - da yawa daga farkon balaga, bayan shuka iri, 'ya'yan itacen sun shirya girbi bayan kwana 90. Arearshen bushes suna da tsayi, an rufe su da 'ya'yan itatuwa na Lilac: a wani daji zasu iya girma har guda 100. Koyaya, kowane yanayi yana ɗaukar kimanin g 100. Gwanin yana da kyau kwarai. Daban-daban sun shahara saboda karuwar juriya da sanyi da cututtuka, amma tana bukatar kirkirar daji.
'Ya'yan itaciyar Balagur ba su da girma sosai, amma a daji akwai da yawa
Yanayin girma
Yana ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa daga shuka iri zuwa girbi eggplants: mafi yawancin nau'ikan ripening suna ba da 'ya'ya kawai bayan watanni uku ko fiye, kuma yanayin da aka saba shine 4-5. A cikin wannan haɗin, Ina so in dasa wannan kayan lambu da sauri a cikin lambu, amma ba za ku iya ba: yana buƙatar zafi na gaske. Ko da a kudu, dole ne a shirya tsire-tsire don samarwa da wuri, kuma a Yankin Moscow wannan hanya ce mai wajaba, kuma wannan aikin yana farawa a cikin hunturu.
Zai yi kama da cewa eggplant ba ya buƙatar wani abu na musamman: kuna buƙatar zafi, danshi mai yawa da ƙasa mai daɗi. Wannan ita ce ƙauna ta zafi, haɗe tare da dogon girma, kuma ta dakatar da ci gaba na al'adu zuwa arewa. Yana da matsaloli tare da fasaha na aikin gona wanda ke haifar da gaskiyar cewa a nesa da kowane ɗan lambu kusa da Moscow yana ɗaukar girma shuɗi.
Shuka seedlings
Shuka tsirowar eggan itace, a gaskiya, ya kasu kashi biyu ba a bambancewa: da farko komai yana ɗaure sosai, kuma lokacin da growan ya girma, kula da isan seedlings ba shi da wahala fiye da tumatir. Ba kowane mazaunin rani yana yin ƙoƙarin yin wannan ba: shuɗɗan shudi yana buƙatar kulawa da haƙuri da yawa.
Yaushe shuka shuka kwai na shuka
Tsarin 'ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itace mara laushi ne: ciyawar da ba ta daɗe ba ta ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo, kuma waɗanda aka shirya ba sa son wannan amfanin gona. Seedlingsaya na farko, waɗanda aka yi aiki da kyau, na iya bayyana a cikin mako guda, sannan kuma sauran kwanaki goma na iya bayyana mai zuwa. Sabili da haka, dole ne mutum ya fara shirya don seedling a cikin hunturu, ba tare da la’akari ko namo korayen kore ko dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa ba.
An yi imanin cewa ana iya shuka iri da yawa na zamani don shuka ko da a cikin rabin Maris na biyu, musamman idan kun sayi tsararrun tsaba waɗanda aka horar da su a cikin keɓaɓɓun fasahar zamani kafin a sayar. Amma idan "tsohuwar hanyar keɓaɓɓiyar", to, wajibi ne don shirya tsaba don shuka don shuka daga tsakiyar Fabrairu, kuma shuka su - a ƙarshe a farkon Maris. Wannan kusan shine ma'anar gama-gari na duniya: ya dace wa galibin yankuna masu sauƙin yanayi. Idan ba ku "cin amana da tsaba" a Yankin Moscow ba kafin 15 ga Maris, bai kamata ku fara ba: ya fi kyau ku sayi tsire-tsire a ƙarshen bazara.
Shuka shirin
Eggplant zai fi kyau sown nan da nan a cikin matsakaici-sized peat tukwane. Amma tunda za su mamaye babban yanki a cikin gida duk lokacin bazara, sukan shuka su a cikin karamin akwatin kowa sannan kuma sai su nutse, kodayake wannan al'ada ba ta amsa da nagarta sosai. Zabi na kasar gona domin shuka dole ne a kusanto da shi cikin kulawa. Idan akwai peat da yashi, ana iya yin cakuda da kansa ta hanyar haɗar da ƙasa mai kyau da waɗannan abubuwan biyu: peat da ƙasa a cikin yashi rabi da ƙasa.
Peat za a iya haɗe shi da sawdust da humus (2: 1: 2), ko ma yi ba tare da sawdust ba, amma yakamata a ƙara 50-60 g na cikakken ma'adinin ma'adinan da ɗimbin katako na itace a guga na kowane cakuda. Dole ne a cakuda cakuda da kansa (hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita tana maganin ruwan hoda na daskararren potassium). Koyaya, don girma bushes dozin, yana da sauƙin saya ƙasa da aka yi shirye a cikin shagon, zaɓi ɗaya inda ake yin fentin eggplant ko a kalla tumatir akan kunshin. Ana sanya ƙasa a cikin aljihun tebur tare da Layer of 8 cm kuma tam tamped.
Don lalata ƙasa, mafita a hannun dama ya dace, don miya iri - ɗaya a hagu
Hakanan an lalata tsintsiyar kafin shuka, amma a gare su ya zama dole a shirya hanyar da za'a maida hankali sosai ta potassiumgangan, duhu a launi. Lokacin wanka - mintuna 20-30, bayan ya tsabtace da ruwa mai tsabta. Idan muna magana ne game da girma a cikin ƙasa mara kariya, Hakanan wajibi ne don taurara tsaba a cikin firiji (a cikin rigar raga, kwana 3-4).
Nan da nan kafin shuka, zai zama da kyau a aiwatar da tsaba tare da haɓaka mai saurin ci gaba, don cinyen itace wannan hanya ce mai matuƙar kyawawa. Kuna iya amfani da Epin-ƙari, Zircon da sauransu, a takaice bisa ga umarnin. Yana faruwa cewa ana shuka ƙwayar tsaba kafin shuka, amma zaka iya shuka shi kamar haka: a cikin kwanakin nan inan kwanakin da ke cikin rigar ƙasa sun riga sun kumbura sosai.
Shuka tsaba don shuka
Idan ka yanke shawarar shuka tsaba a cikin aljihun tebur, to kuna buƙatar yin wannan bisa ga makirci 5 × 5 cm zuwa zurfin kusan 1.5 cm. Ana iya ɗaukar zuriya tare da hanzari kuma an shimfiɗa shi a kan ƙasa mai laushi, sannan sai a ɗora shi har yasa tsaba su kasance a zurfin da ake so. . Hanya mafi sauki ga ruwa amfanin gona shine a sanya santimita biyar na dusar ƙanƙara a saman. Lokacin da ta narke, a ko'ina yana shuka ƙasa kuma ya casa ƙasa kamar yadda ake buƙata. Bugu da kari, ruwan dusar ƙanƙara yana kunna matakan haɓaka.
Dusar ƙanƙara za ta narke cikin sauri kuma ta shayar da tsaba da aka shuka sosai
Dole ne a rufe kwalin da gilashi ko kuma fim mai amintaccen kuma a saka shi cikin zafi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na har zuwa tsiro shine 25-28 ° C. Shin ana bukatar haske? Ba lallai ba ne don fito da ƙwayar seedlings, amma nan da nan bayan samuwar "madaukai" na farko a farfajiya, akwatin za a buƙaci a motsa shi zuwa wurin da aka kunna haske, in ba haka ba seedlings zai shimfiɗa sauri. Sabili da haka, kawai idan ya dace, yana da daraja shirya haske nan da nan. Idan, a cikin tsammanin seedlings, ƙasa ta bushe zata bushe, dole ne a sanyaya shi tare da kwalban feshi.
Kulawar seedling
Farkon harbe zai bayyana a cikin kwana bakwai, amma suna iya zama kaɗan. Girman fitowar daga cikin zuriyar da aka shirya zai zama wani kwanaki uku bayan haka, sannan wannan tsari zai ɗauki wani sati. Me zai yi da zazzabi? Bayan duk, matasa seedlings suna buƙatar shirya sanyi, digiri 16. Kuma a lokaci guda, masu zuwa zasu ƙyanƙyashe. Ko ta yaya wannan matsalar zata magance ta. Zai fi kyau a ba da dama don “shimfidawa”, amma ba don ruguza dumbin ba, wato sake shirya akwati a cikin sanyi a lokacin bayyanuwar manyan madaukai.
Ana buƙatar tsarin mulki mai ƙarfi na kwanaki biyar, to, zazzagewa a hankali ya tashi zuwa 23-25 ° C (ƙarancin ƙasa da dare) kuma an kiyaye shi kamar wannan har ƙarshen ƙarshen namo. Baya ga zazzabi da haske, suna saka idanu kan tsarin zafi. An shayar da shi da dumi, ruwa mai tsafta sau 1-2 a mako, amma a matsakaici: daga danshi mai yawa, haɗarin 'yan seedlings don rashin lafiya tare da ƙafa na baƙi. Kwana goma bayan germination bayar da karamin kai miya: 1 tablespoon na urea a cikin guga na ruwa. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, ana juya akwatin zuwa wajan hasken don ana iya rarraba shi iri ɗaya ga dukkan tsirrai.
Lingsalingsan da ke tsiro ba tare da bambanci ba, kuma za a yi tukunya cikin tukwane na peat. Suna yin wannan a hankali, suna cirewa daga tsire waɗanda ke da ruwa sosai-waɗanda suke da nau'i biyu na ganye wanda ya bayyana, kuma zai fi dacewa da uku. A lokaci guda, mafi kyawun misalai an ƙi. Dole ne muyi kokarin tono seedlings tare da dunƙule na ƙasa, kuma kada mu lalata tushen sa. Aƙalla, bai kamata ku dunƙulo su musamman ba. Idan tushen yana da tsayi, zaku iya gajarta shi, wannan ba mai mutuwa bane.
Ya kamata a sa ƙwayar Seedlings a cikin aljihun tebur, a mai da hankali kada ku lalata tushen sa
Girman da ya fi dacewa don yin tankokin ruwa kusan 10 × 10 cm, ƙasa daidai take da cikin akwatin. A tsakiyar kofin, ana yin rami gwargwadon girman ƙwayar da aka fitar daga ƙasa, ana saukar da su a can kusan ba tare da zurfafa ba. Idan seedlings sunyi nasarar shimfiɗa su sosai, zaku iya zurfafa shi, kusan zuwa ganyen cotyledon. Aroundasa da ke kewayen shuka tana shafawa a hankali tare da yatsunsu, sannan a shayar da ruwa mai ɗumi. Shayawan itacen suna girgiza har tsawon kwanaki 2-3 daga rana mai haske har sai da ya ɗauki tushe.
Ci gaba da kulawa iri ɗaya ne kamar gabanin nutsewa. Ruwa da seedlings sau ɗaya kowace 'yan kwanaki, soaking duk ƙasa a cikin tukunya, amma ba swamping shi. Manyan miya, idan an buƙata, ana aiwatar dasu lokaci guda tare da shayarwa. Idan seedlings suka girma kullum, babu buƙatar ciyar da su a banza: bayan duk, sun shirya ƙasa mai gina jiki. Amma idan ganyayyaki suka samo launin koren launi mai haske, kuna buƙatar ciyarwa. Azofoska mai dacewa, nitrophoska ko ash ash kawai. Lastarshe na ƙarshe cikin shayi za a iya warwatse cikin tukunya kafin a sha ruwa, ba tare da faɗuwa a kan ganyayyaki ba.
Makonni 2-3 kafin dasa shuki a cikin lambun, sai suka fusata ta, suka fitar da ita a kan baranda, da farko na dan wani karamin lokaci, sannan kuma awanni da yawa. A wannan yanayin, ba shakka, zazzabi na waje kada ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa: 12-14 game daC don seedlings an riga an matsa lamba. A safiyar ranar dasawa, ana shayar da tsire-tsire masu kyau. Mafi kyawun tsire-tsire na eggplant ya kamata ya sami tsawo na 20-25 cm da 5-8 manyan kore ganye. Wannan yana faruwa ne da shekaru 2.5. Eggplant ya kamata Bloom a cikin m wuri.
Shirye-shirye seedlings ne mai yiwuwa daji tare da manyan ganye
Dasawa seedlings a cikin ƙasa
Idan an shirya seedlings don greenhouse, to, ana dasa shi a farkon ko a tsakiyar Mayu (ya danganta da ingancin greenhouse), a cikin ƙasa buɗe - kawai a farkon Yuni, dole rufe shi a karo na farko tare da spanbond ko lutrasil.
Saukowa
Yana da kyau cewa a lokacin disembarkation, matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullun kada ya kasance ƙasa da 20 game daC.A cikin yankin Moscow ba za a sa ran wannan ba, kuma ana fara dasa shuki a ƙarƙashin matsugunnan wucin gadi. Amma a kowane hali, ba za ku iya yin wannan ba har sai ƙasa ta yi zafi har zuwa 14 game daC a zurfin cm 10 cm. Yi ƙoƙarin dasa tsire-tsire a maraice, lokacin da rana ba ta yin yanka; da kyau, idan na gaba kwanaki 2-3 ana tsammanin gizagizai.
Gidan gado na iya zama kowane girman dacewa, amma a cikin Yankin Kwarewa na Kwastomomi suna shirya gadaje masu dumi don kayan ƙwai. An yi su daɗewa, suna zaɓar wuri mai kyau, an rufe shi daga iska ta arewa ta bangon gidan ko shinge mara nauyi. Tun daga farkon lokacin bazara da suka gabata, sun tono rami tare da zurfin 20-25 cm girman girman gadaje masu zuwa kuma a hankali cika shi da duk sharar gida: furen huji, ciyayi, ƙananan ciyawa, ciyawa, da dai sauransu ana iya samun peat a cikin Yankin Moscow, don haka duk wannan datti ana yafa shi da kariminci tare da shi. Lokaci-lokaci ruwa duk abin da tara tare da infusions na taki ko tsuntsu droppings. Faɗar da barci mai tsabta ƙasa mai tsabta.
Lokacin shirya gadaje masu ɗumi, kowane sharar gida ya dace
Wannan yana haifar da babban gado, bangarorin wanda yawanci ake rufe su da allunan, Slate, da sauransu. A cikin bazara, an yayyafa gado tare da itace ash kuma sati daya kafin dasa shuki a cikin yalwataccen ruwa mai ɗumi tare da ƙari na jiko na mullein. Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan haka, suna kwance, kuma kafin dasa shuki, an yi ramuka zuwa girman tukwane da shuka. Tsarin shuka iri-iri ya dogara da iri-iri, amma tsakanin tsirrai kada su zama ƙasa da cm 35, kuma tsakanin layuka - daga 50 zuwa 70 cm.
Ana saukar da tukwane na peat a cikin ramuka tare da ƙaramin zurfi, 2-3 cm .. Ba a buƙatar gangara daga cikin eggplant. A bu mai kyau a samar da pegs nan da nan idan nau'ikan ya yi tsayi sannan kuma yana buƙatar garter. Ana shayar da ciyawa a cikin lambu tare da ruwa mai ɗumi, kuma ƙasa a kewayen bushes an ɗan mulched shi. Tabbatar gina katako mai haske kuma ya rufe filayen tare da kayan da ba sa adon ba.
Shuka Greenhouse
A cikin gidajen katako, musamman polycarbonate, an ƙirƙiri yanayin zazzabi mai kyau don kayan ƙwai. Koyaya, dole ne a tuna cewa dumama wannan al'ada shima cutarwa ne, a cikin yanayin zafi mai tsauri ba furannin fure da ke bushewa kuma su faɗi. Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse, kuna buƙatar kula da yawan zafin jiki na iska a cikin greenhouse ko ƙasa, bai kamata ya zama mai sanyi ba 14 game daC.
Kafin dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse, dole ne a shirya ƙasa a ciki. A lokacin kaka, yakamata a cire dukkan tarkacen tsire-tsire kuma an lalata ƙasa. Game da cututtuka, yana da kyau a canza ƙasa gaba ɗaya. A cikin kaka, ya kamata a ƙirƙiri gado ta hanyar tono ƙasa tare da takin mai magani (rotted taki, ash, kadan superphosphate). Mako guda kafin dasa shuki seedlings, ya kamata a zubar da gado mai rauni bayani na jan karfe jan karfe (2 tablespoons da guga na ruwa) kuma an rufe shi da fim.
Bayan kwana ɗaya, an cire fim ɗin kuma an bar ƙasa ta bushe har zuwa inda zaku iya aiki tare da shi. A hankali kwance shi, matakin da wani rake kuma fara shuka seedlings. Tsarin dasa shuki iri daya ne da na waje gidan kore. Smallaramin hatimi na yiwuwa, amma matattakalar ƙima tana ƙara haɗarin cutar.
Don nau'ikan tsayi, ya dace don amfani da saukowa na shinge: nisan da ke tsakanin tsire-tsire a cikin layuka iri ɗaya ne, amma a cikin layuka masu kusa ba a dasa su gaban juna ba.
A cikin manyan gidaje masu duhu, galibi suna shirya wani lambu mai fadi a tsakiyar, suna dasa eggplant a jere biyu a ciki. A kusa da bangon akwai gadaje masu fizge na sauran kayan lambu. A cikin kananan kananun furanni yana da kyau a gina gadaje biyu masu faɗi tare da bangon tare da hanyar shiga tsakanin su. Nisa daga bushes zuwa bangon ya dogara ne akan geometry na greenhouse. A cikin gidajen katako tare da bango na tsaye, wannan shine 25-30 cm, a cikin yanayin bangon da ya karkata, kana buƙatar sake dawowa daga bangon ƙari. Fasahar saukowa ƙasa ɗaya ce kamar a buɗe take.
Bidiyo: cincin kwai a cikin greenhouse
Shuka tsaba a gonar
A wajen kudu, lokacin da ake yin tsirowar ganye, zaka iya yin shuka ba tare da shuka ba. Amma a cikin unguwannin bayan gari wannan za a iya yunƙuri a yanayin saukan super-farkon iri da kuma hybrids.
Bude shuka
Don samun amfanin gona na farkon eggplant, dole ne a shuka su a cikin gonar a farkon farkon Mayu ko ma a baya. Tabbas, a wannan lokacin a cikin kewayen birni har yanzu yana da sanyi sosai, kuma ana buƙatar shirya gado a gaba, kazalika da gina filin fim. Batun shirya shine don sanyaya kasar gona a zurfin 10 cm zuwa akalla 15 ° C. Kuna iya amfani da shayar da gadaje da ruwan zafi, sannan ku rufe shi da fim. A kowane hali, a cikin wannan greenhouse kafin harbe ya kamata ya kasance dumi sosai.
An shuka tsaba sosai densely: su germination a cikin irin wannan yanayi na iya zama isasshen. Sabili da haka, tsaba masu tsada na iya tashi "kyakkyawan dinari." A cikin layuka da aka shirya bayan 60-80 cm, ana shuka tsaba a kowane 5-6 cm. Bayan fitowan, ana fitar da seedlings a lokuta da yawa, cire samfuran mafi rauni. Ana yin aikin na bakin ciki na farko lokacin da ganye na 3-4 na gaske suka bayyana, an bar tsire-tsire 10-12 cm baya. Karo na biyu - bayan wani sati biyu, da na uku - lokacin da tsirrai zasu sami ganyayyaki 7-8. A wannan lokacin, mafi kyawun bushes an bar shi a nesa na 35-40 cm. Ana cire fim kawai lokacin bazara na yanzu.
Shuka a cikin greenhouse
Ba a taɓa yin amfani da tsirowar ƙwayayen Hazelless a cikin gidajen katako ba wuya, tunda amfanin gona har zuwa fara dole ne a kiyaye shi a zafin jiki na 25-28 game daC, kuma wannan abu ne mai matukar wahala har ma a gidajen greencarbonate na zamani. A cikin bazara, zazzabi a cikin wani greenhouse wanda ba a rufe shi ba ya isa irin waɗannan dabi'u, kuma har yanzu kuna buƙatar rufe amfanin gona tare da fim ko kuma ko ta yaya dumama greenhouse.
Idan an yanke shawara game da irin shuka, ba ta bambanta da shuka a cikin ƙasa ba, kawai nisan da ke tsakanin tsire-tsire ya ɗan rage ƙasa, adana sarari. Ana shuka tsaba tare da gefe, tare da tunawa da maimaita maimaitawar.
Kulawar ƙasa
Eggplant nan da nan bayan dasawa cikin gonar girma a hankali, girma al'ada ta fara a cikin makonni biyu, a lõkacin da seedlings dauki tushen da kyau. A wannan lokaci, kulawa ya kamata ya zama kaɗan: kawai kuna buƙatar kiyaye ƙasa kaɗan kuma m. Bayan sake dawowa daga haɓaka, kulawa ya haɗa da shayarwa, takin, shimfidawa da sanya bushes.
Eggplant a cikin ƙasa bude
A kasar gona a kan eggplant ya kamata ko da yaushe ya kasance dan kadan m. Tare da wuce haddi fiye da kima, lalacewar ganye takan fara, to kuwa kumbura sun shuɗe, sai karar ta zama lignified. Eggplant yana buƙatar ruwa mai yawa, amma baya yarda da ƙarancin zubar ruwa. Watering ya kamata a yi kawai da ruwa mai tsanani a cikin rana. Yi shi ƙarƙashin tushe; maido da ciyawa shima ana iya bukatar hakan.
Har sai furannin farko sun bayyana a yanayi na al'ada, ana shayar da eggplant sau ɗaya a mako da safe ko da yamma. Norma - kusan 1 guga2. A cikin zafi da rashin ruwan sama, da yawan zubar da ruwa dole ne ya ninka. Da zarar furanni sun fure, ya zama dole ruwa sau da yawa. A lokaci guda, mazauna bazara waɗanda ke zuwa shafin kawai a ƙarshen mako ya kamata su ninka ninki biyu na ruwa a kwanakin nan: bari ya zama mafi kyau fiye da zubar da ƙasa. Zazzabi na ruwa - ba ƙasa da 25 ba game daC.
Bayan kowace ruwa ko ruwan sama, ana fitar da loosening. Da farko, zaku iya ɗaukar tsirrai ɗauka da sauƙi. Wannan dabara tana ƙarfafa bayyanar ƙarin asalin kuma, ba shakka, ta wannan hanyar yana ƙara yawan aiki. Zaka iya ƙara ƙasa mai dausayi a cikin tushen, aka ɗauka a wani wuri. Tabbas, ingantaccen sako na gadaje yana gudana a lokaci guda.
Har zuwa saitin 'ya'yan itacen, ba kwa buƙatar bayar da miya ta sama, sai dai, ba shakka, bushes ɗin yayi girma. Idan wannan ba haka ba, ana ciyar da su da mafita daga takin ma'adinai cikakke. Amma sai an shuka eggplant yawanci ana ciyar dashi, kusan kowane sati biyu. Mafi karancin takin zamani domin lokacin girma shine uku. A wannan yanayin, da farko, mafi kyawun zaɓi shine infusions na mullein ko droppings tsuntsu, kuma a cikin lokacin girma na 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, ba a buƙatar a ba da ƙwayoyin nitrogen, saboda haka suna samar da maganin superphosphate da potassium sulfate. Koyaya, abu ne mai yiwuwa a maye gurbin wannan cakuda da itace ash jiko.
A kan gado mai ɗumi, amfanin gona mai kyau zai yi girma, amma kuna buƙatar kulawa da tsire-tsire koyaushe
Don yawancin iri da kuma hybrids na eggplant, madaidaicin samuwar bushes wajibi ne. Koyaya, wannan ana buƙatar mafi yawan a cikin greenhouses; lambu sau da yawa suna ba da kayan ganye tare da damar haɓaka ta halitta. Koyaya, bai kamata a yi watsi da yankan ƙasa ba. Aƙalla, kuna buƙatar datse ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodi, yayin da kawai suka bayyana. Anyi wannan ne da yatsunku ko kuma keɓewa, kamar yadda ya dace. Irin wannan aiki mai sauƙi yana ba da damar eggplants don adana sakamakon abincin da ke haifar da shi da kuma jagorantar shi ga samuwar da haɓakar 'ya'yan itacen. Zai dace don aiwatar da matakan mako-mako: a wannan lokacin, 'yayan ba su da lokacin girma sama da 5 cm.
Kwaiyo a cikin shinkafa
Shuka eggplant a cikin wani greenhouse kusa da Moscow, ba shakka, ya fi sauƙi a cikin ƙasa buɗe, amma har ma ana buƙatar ƙarin aiki. Da fari dai, ba a ruwa a cikin greenhouse ba, wanda ke nufin dole ne a shayar da shi sau da yawa. Abu na biyu, eggplant, ba shakka, yana buƙatar zafi, amma zafi mai yawa ba shi da amfani. Don haka, a lokacin bazara dole ne a fitar da greenhouse. Ba tare da iska ba, a cikin iska mai laushi, cututtukan tsire-tsire suna tashi da sauri. Ana amfani da ruwa don ban ruwa kawai ga tushen, amma wanda ya sa ƙasa ta mutu akalla zuwa zurfin 20 cm.
Idan, lokacin da aka haɓaka cikin ƙasa mara kariya, yana yiwuwa bazai iya zuwa wurin ba a tsakiyar mako, maiyuwa bazaiyi aiki da gidan kore ba. Ba tare da yin iska ba a lokacin zafi, zazzabi na iya tashi zuwa 35 game daC da sama, kuma a cikin irin wannan ɗumbin zafi ba a ɗaure shi.
Inuwa ta gilashin zai iya taimakawa kaɗan, amma ɗan ƙaramin shudi ma ya zama dole don rana!
Addinin ciyarwa bai bambanta da wannan lokacin da ake girma a waje da greenhouse ba, amma suna mai da hankali sosai ga samuwar bushes. Tabbas, a cikin gidajen katako suna ƙoƙarin dasa nau'ikan tsayi don adana sarari, sabili da haka, aƙalla, ya kamata a ɗaure bushes don tallafawa. Zai iya zama daban-daban hadarurruka na kowane daji, ko gama gari. An ɗaure ƙuƙwalwa, kamar kowane irin amfanin gona mai kama, tare da igiya mai laushi takwas mai laushi
Akwai tsare-tsare da yawa na samuwar bushes; a cikin gidan kore, ba'a iyakance shi ga tsunkule ba. Dukkanin shirye-shiryen sun gangaro da nawa mai tushe suka rage akan tsire. Ba tare da yin cikakken bayani game da bambance-bambance ba, kawai muna cewa a karo na farko da suka kusanci bushes don wannan dalili, lokacin da suka girma zuwa 30 cm. A babban tushe, tsunkule saman, bayan wanda gefen harbe fara girma. Amma akwai da yawa daga cikinsu, sabili da haka, lokacin da zai yiwu a rarrabe mafi iko da madaidaiciya, bar ba fiye da biyar ba.
A cikin greenhouse a kan eggplant bushes kar ku bar karin harbe, kuma kuna iya ƙulla bushes zuwa waya na kowa, miƙa a sama,
Idan isassun 'ya'yan itatuwa sun samu yawa yayin harbi kuma har yanzu suna girma, suma suna yanko saman. Dukkanin ayyukan kirkirar an dakatar da wata daya kafin girbin karshe: yanzu dole ne a yiwa sojojin shuka wannan abu zuwa ga 'ya'yan itaciyar.
Bidiyo: dukkan abubuwa game da girma da ake yin kwai a cikin gari
Girbi da adanawa
Daga samuwar gidan kwai zuwa girbin 'ya'yan itace, kimanin wata daya ke wucewa. Eggplants ana girbe a cikin lokaci na fasaha balaga: a wannan lokacin, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari kai girman da aka yi nufin, saya da launi halayyar da dama, kuma sami m jiki. Fata ya kamata santsi a wannan lokacin da 'ya'yan itacen resilient. Tsaba fari, mai taushi, mara kyau. Ganawa mako-mako, yankan yankan yansandan tare da peduncle. Riauren ganye da yawa ba su dace da abinci ba, daga gare su kawai za ku iya tattara tsaba don shuka.
Bidiyo: Yin girkin waje
Eggplant an adana sosai a takaice. Koda mafi kyawun 'ya'yan itaciyar za su iya kwanciya a cikin firiji don babu fiye da makonni uku. Dole ne su kasance tare da sitaci, zazzage ajiya mafi kyau 1-2 game daC, yanayin kusanci 85-90%. M, sun yi kokarin sarrafa 'ya'yan itãcen a farkon zamanin.
Yankin Moscow ba za a kira shi yankin mafi kyau ba don haɓaka ƙwayar kwai. Koyaya, yan lambu da yawa suna kokarin dasa shukar shuki shidda, kuma suna yin wannan ba kawai a cikin gidajen katako ba. Varietiesa'idodin farko da nau'ikan halittu suna iya samar da albarkatu kusan kowace shekara, amma suna buƙatar kulawa da saukin kulawa.
