Watercress - yana nufin tsire-tsire na kayan lambu, yana da ɗanɗano ɗan ɗanɗano. Yanzu ya zama mafi mashahuri. Dandanan da baƙon abu ne saboda kasancewar ƙwayar mustard a cikin sassan ganyen wannan ganye.
Abubuwan da ke da amfani na wannan greenery an san su tun zamanin da. Hippocrates yayi magana game da warkaswar kayan kwalliyar ruwa, iyawar sa ta tsarkake jini da kuma yin tasirin karfafa gaba daya kan gaba daya. A tsohuwar Misira, tare da taimakonta ta inganta lafiyar maza da ƙara ƙarfin iko.
Sakamakon rashin daidaituwarsa, ya ƙara bayyana a kan gadaje da windowsills na mazaunan Rasha.
Bayanin Watercress
Wannan inji shi ne ciyawa, yana faruwa daya da biennial. An danganta shi da abinci.
Watercress yana da sunaye da yawa: watercress, shuka klopovnik, Tsitsmat. Ya kasance ne ga dangin Crucifer, dan tutar Klopovnik. Shi dan asalin Iran ne, amma kuma ya girma a cikin yanayi na Masar, Habasha da Asiya. Ya kasance sananne a cikin tsarukan da ke cikin Bahar Rum a lokacin zamanin farko, ƙoƙarin farko na nasara na yin noma ya tashi a can.
Tsawon daji na iya zama daga cm 30 zuwa 60. Tushen sa mai sauƙi ne. Bar kamar yadda harbe ake fentin a cikin wani haske kore tint. Furanni na iya samun launi daban-daban, akwai: fari da ruwan hoda. Bayan yalwar fure a watan Yuni-Yuli, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kama da fayel suna bayyana. Ya fi son yin girma a cikin wuraren rana ko kuma wasu wurare masu inuwa. Yana son matsakaici ko ƙasa mai ɗan acidic tare da babban abun ciki na abinci mai gina jiki, matsakaici watering. Propagated da tsaba.
Akwai wasu rassa da yawa na shuka: shuka, tare da duka ganye kuma tare da curly. Duk sun banbanta da juna a bayyane.
Don haka ruwan kwalliyar roba yana da fitarda da rabin, kuma ganyenta ba sabon abu bane, sassaka. Girman dutsen daji kusan 15 cm ne.Yawan da aka fi sani da nau'ikan wannan nau'in: "Openwork", har da farkon da tsakiyar ripening.
A cikin salatin tare da ganyayyaki baki ɗaya, rosette mai kaifi ne kuma ya fi girma a diamita kuma yana iya kaiwa cm 20. Zai iya girma zuwa 5-6 cm tsayi. 
Iri Watercress
Shuka cress shine giciye tsakanin wasu jinsuna biyu. Tana da faffad'e, semian rabin-fure-da-kayan-girma, manyann mayafuna na ɗan ɗan gaje shi. Varietiesayan da suke da babban fififin mallakar nasa ne. Misali, "Dadi", "Dansky."
Iri da nau'ikan ruwa na ruwa
Tebur yana nuna mafi mashahuri iri.
| Dubawa | Digiri | Siffofin |
| Tare da duka ganye | Ducat | Bambanta a cikin babban precocity. Daga lokacin bayyanar farkon harbe har zuwa farkon farawa (fasaha), matsakaicin sati 2 ke wucewa. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine 15 cm a diamita da cm 25 a diamita. Yawan ganye sun bambanta daga 8 zuwa 16, sun manyan, ana fentin su a cikin farin koren haske. Suna da mustard mai dadi mai ɗanɗano tare da walƙwalwar haske. |
| Watsa shirye-shirye | Yana nufin irin matsakaici ripeness. Kuna iya cinye wata 1 bayan dasawa. Yana girma cikin sauri, ya kai tsawon tsawon cm 12. ganye suna da laushi, kore a launi, suna da dandano mai kyau. Amfani da shi a cikin shirye-shiryen nama jita-jita, kifi, kuma an ƙara salads. | |
| Kinky | Buɗe | Da dama na matsakaici farkon ripeness. Shirya don amfani a cikin makonni 3-4. A tsayi da fadi yana girma har zuwa cm 25. Ana iya girma a buɗe ƙasa da kuma a cikin gidaje ko a gida. |
| Warai | Hakanan ya shafi nau'in tsakiyar farkon, amma ya kai ga lateran fari daga baya zuwa kwanaki 40-45 daga dasawa. Bushesasashen bushes ɗin sunyi ƙanƙanana kaɗan kuma sun kai 20-22 cm a faɗi da tsawo. A cikin abinci, zaka iya amfani da dukkan sassan shuka, gami da harbe-harben matasa har sai kiban sun bayyana. | |
| Shuka | Nishadi | Ya kasance ga nau'ikan farkon farkon, ya dace da girma a gida, a cikin katako da kuma ƙasa buɗe. Ana amfani dashi azaman kayan yaji da kuma ƙara spiciness ga salads. |
| Dansky | A farkon iri-iri duka - shirye su ci da zaran kwanaki 10 daga lokacin bayyanar farkon seedlings. Yin tsayayya da yanayin sanyi na ɗan gajeren lokaci, wanda ya sa ya zama babu makawa ga namo a Rasha. Yana da sinadarin karafa mai kara karfi da gishiri, saltsin bitamin C, alli da aidin a cikin ganyayen su. | |
| Mai Curled | Hakanan farkon cikakke, ya haɓaka yawan aiki. Tana da dandano mai kyau, kama da mustard. Shirye don cin abinci a ranar 17 daga bayyanar seedlings. |
Hanyoyin Girma na Watercress
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa daban-daban na girke-girke na ruwa: a kan windowsill, a cikin greenhouse ko kuma a buɗe ƙasa. Amma kafin fara dasawa, yana da mahimmanci shirya ƙasa da tsaba.
Wannan nau'in tsire-tsire na herbaceous nasa ne ga mafi unpretentious ga yanayin girma. Zai iya yin toho har ma a kan tawul ɗin takarda mai sauƙi wanda aka goge da ruwa. Amma duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye wasu ƙa'idodi don amfanin gona ya gamsu da yalwar:
- Lokacin da sauka akan windowsill, yana da daraja sayi ƙasa a cikin kantin sayar da kayayyaki na musamman, kuma kar a ɗauka daga wani makirci na mutum. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ƙasa na iya ƙunsar larvae da ƙwai na ƙungiyar cruciferous ƙwari, wacce kwaro ce kuma ta lalata ruwan mata.
- Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, ba za ku iya dakatar da hankalinku a kan gadaje ba inda kabeji ko kayan amfanin gona (karas, beets, tafarnuwa, da sauransu) da ake amfani da su. Kyakkyawan amfanin gona ba zai yi aiki ba, zai fi kyau zaɓi wani wuri.
Bayan kun zaɓi wuri don dasawa, ya kamata ku kula da shirye-shiryen iri. Su ne manyan a cikin shuka, dan kadan elongated da kama mustard. An sanya su cikin akwati kuma an cika su da ruwa, kawai sama da ƙasa. Jiƙa na awa 10-15. Bayan wannan hanya, zaku iya fara shuka.
Dasa ruwan ruwa na shuka
Ba koyaushe zai yiwu a shuka katako a cikin ƙasa ba, amma abu ne mai sauƙin yi a wani gida a kowane lokaci na shekara. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar shuka shuka a kai a kai kowane kwanaki 7-10. Don yin wannan, shirya tukwane tare da ƙasa na cm cm 8. Bayan haka ana shuka tsaba a ƙasa a ƙasa, ko kuma ana iya yin yaduwa a kan ulu mai laushi ko tawul na takarda, sannan a tura su cikin akwati da aka shirya. 
Mataki-mataki-mataki na narkar da ruwa daga zuriya
Don irin wannan nau'in namo, ba lallai ba ne a yi amfani da akwati daban, kayan kwalliyar ruwa suna jin daɗi a cikin maƙwabta tare da sauran kayan lambu da ganyaye. Duk wani nau'in nau'in nau'in tsire-tsire na wannan shuka, alal misali, Ducat, Yankin Moscow, ya dace sosai.
Shuka ruwa a kan windowsill
Zai fi kyau shuka tsaba daga rabin na biyu na Satumba, a wannan lokacin zafin ya fita, amma hasken rana har yanzu ya yi tsawo, wanda ba zai ba da izinin shuka ya tashi da sauri ba.
A gaba, ganga don girma an shirya shi musamman, a kasan sa kana buƙatar shimfida auduga ko ƙasa mai gina jiki mai zurfi na 2 cm 2, lokacin farin ciki ko kuma tsabtace ƙasa da aka zuba a saman don seedlings ko kowane tsire-tsire na cikin gida. Sannan sun sanya tsaba kuma suka yayyafa ƙasa ƙasa 1.5-2 cm. An shayar da shi a hankali, an rufe shi da gilashi, allon katako ko fim kuma an tsabtace shi a cikin duhu har sai farkon ya fito.
Watercress sprouts mafi kyau duka a zazzabi na + 5 ... +6 ° C, a cikin wannan kewayon yana samar da tushen tushen mai ƙarfi. Bayan an ƙirƙiri ganye na farko, kayan cire sutura kuma an tura akwati zuwa wurin da yake da zafi da + 15 ° C.
Yana da mahimmanci a sanya tukunya a cikin inuwa mai tabbata kuma a tabbata a kunna shi a gefe daban-daban yau da kullun. Filin baranda mai laushi ko loggia a gefen arewa na gidan ya dace sosai da wannan hanyar girma. Zai fi kyau a kula sosai da shayar da shuka, kuma ba a barin cikakken bushewar ƙasa. Fesa daga kwalban feshin zai sami sakamako mai amfani akan greenery. Ana ciyar da salatin tare da takin gargajiya, superphosphate ko Rainbow.
Ko da hasken rana ya zama gajere, shuka ba ya buƙatar ƙarin hasken wuta. Kuna iya cinye shi lokacin da bushes ɗin ya kai tsawo na cm cm 8. Don yin wannan, an yanke su da hankali tare da almakashi mai kaifi kusa da ƙasa.
Shuka lambatu a bude take
Shuka a cikin ƙasa na iya farawa daga rabin na biyu na Afrilu zuwa tsakiyar Mayu. Yana da mahimmanci a yi la’akari da bawai lokaci ba, har ma da yanayin zazzabi: ƙasa zata narke ta aƙalla 4 cm, kuma iska ya kamata yai + 6 ... + 8 ° C. Idan kuna shirin yin shuka kafin hunturu, yana da mahimmanci ku aiwatar da shi bisa ga sanyi na farko, in ba haka ba tsaba zasu mutu.
Slightlyarancin acid ko tsaka tsaki na ƙasa shine mafi kyau.
Bayan kabeji ko kusa da shi bai kamata ku shuka ba, girbi mai kyau ba zai yi aiki ba, kamar yadda ana iya kamuwa da ruwa na ruwa tare da ƙusar masifa daga bishiya.
Kuna buƙatar shirya gonar a ranar hawan kaka: sun tono shi kuma suna ƙara superphosphate ko taki, wanda tuni an sake haɗa shi. A cikin bazara, kafin dasa shuki, zaku iya takin ƙasa tare da sulfate na ammonium.
A kan ƙasa maras kyau, ana yin furrows tare da zurfin 0.5 ... 1 cm, tare da nisa tsakanin su na 10 ... 20 cm 20. Abubuwan da suka fito dole ne a fitar da su, suna barin radius na 10 cm a kusa da kowane daji.
Zai fi kyau dasa a cikin inuwa m, tun a kan gadaje tare da haske mai yawa, inji ya fara saki kibiyoyi da sauri kuma ya zama bai dace ba don cin abinci.
Ana shayar da ruwa na wucin gadi a kai a kai, dangane da bushewa da substrate. Bayan moistening, zaku iya sassauta ƙasa a hankali a tsakanin bushes. Wajibi ne a yi taka tsantsan da kayan miya bayan bayyanar tsiro, tunda lokacin tumatir ya ɗan gajarta ne kuma nitseron da zai shiga ciki ba zai yiwu a iya sarrafa shi ba kuma zai haifar da lahani maimakon fa'idodin amfani da shi.
Shuka ruwa a cikin gidan shinkafa
Dabarar shuka wannan shuka a cikin gidan gona ba ta bambanta da wannan a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa. Ana iya dasa shi a cikin bazara a baya fiye da bude ƙasa, alal misali, a lokacin tsananin sanyi a lokacin bazara. Yana buƙatar iska ne kawai a kai a kai, fara sabon iska.
Abubuwan Kulawa da Kula da Watercress
Ka'idodi na asali don kula da wannan shuka ba su da yawa. Yana da mahimmanci don saka idanu akan lokaci mai wadataccen ruwa, amma bai kamata ya wuce kima ba.
Idan kun cika shuka, zai iya mutuwa, wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman lokacin da letas girma a gida, kamar yadda babu sauƙi babu ɗakin wuce haddi daga danshi mai iyaka.
Hakanan kuna buƙatar zaɓar wurin da ya dace don ƙasa don kar ya yi zafi da rana. Wannan kuma ya shafi gidajen da bude ƙasa.
Watercress kwari da cututtuka
Sakamakon saurin sa, ruwa mai yawanci ba sau da lokaci don ɗaukar kwaro ko kamuwa da cuta.
Koyaya, wani lokacin yanayi yakan taso idan ya wahala. Teburin da ke ƙasa ya taƙaita matsalolin da suka zama ruwan dare gama gari daban-daban.
| Matsalar | Bayyanuwa | Matakan magancewa |
| Kafa baki Rot | Blackening na kara sannan ya fita yana ƙaruwa da yalwar ƙasa. | Halakar marasa lafiya bushes. Shuka wuri guda a cikin bazara mai zuwa ba da shawarar ba. |
| Kishi mai gurnani | Ganyen tsirrai suna goge ta. | Gudanar da tsire-tsire tare da ƙurar taba ko kayan adon. Don hana sake kamuwa da cuta, yana da kyau a matsar da gadaje da ruwan wanki zuwa wani wuri mai nisa daga dangin Kabeji. |
Mr. Maigidan bazara ya ba da sanarwar: kaddarorin amfani da ruwa na ruwa
Watercress ya warkar da kaddarorin: ban da babban abin da ke cikin ruwa, yana da ikon magance ƙishirwa, har ma da adana bitamin, ma'adanai da abubuwan da aka gano. Don haka ya hada da: bitamin A, E, K, B, C, Ca, phosphorus, magnesium, selenium, choline, iron, zinc da sauran su.
Idan kun ci wannan tsire-tsire kowace rana, to, bisa ga bincike na zamani, haɗarin bayyanar cututtuka kamar su prostatitis, cataracts da bayyanar cutar neoplasms sun ragu.
Sakamakon babban abun ciki na aidin, glandar thyroid yana inganta kuma yiwuwar haɓaka ƙwayar cutar tasa yana raguwa. Regulararatunsa na yau da kullun ga abinci yana daidaita barci da haɓaka aikin jiki gaba ɗaya. Yana da amfani sosai a ci shi a bazara, lokacin da haɗarin haɓakar rashi bitamin ya kasance mafi girma.
Koyaya, wannan tsiro mai banmamaki an contraindicated ga mutanen da suke da matsaloli a cikin gastrointestinal fili, musamman lokacin exacerbations.
Hakanan bai kamata ku ci fiye da 4 tablespoons na ganye a rana ba, in ba haka ba za'a iya samun matsaloli tare da narkewar abinci: zawo, zawo, ciwon ciki.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa har ma da mafi mahimmancin hanyoyin yakamata a yi amfani dasu a hanyoyin da aka bada shawarar.
Watercress shine shuka mai ban mamaki wanda yake da sauƙi a girma ba wai kawai a gonar ba, har ma a kan windowsill. Tare da kulawa da ta dace, zai yi murna ba kawai tare da kyakkyawan dandanorsa ba, har ma da bayyanar bushes, saboda yana da kyau sosai.
