Azaleas (lat Azalea) wani rukuni ne na tsire-tsire masu ado, wanda a yau ana danganta shi ne ga mahalarta rhododendron na iyalin heather. Bugu da ƙari, irin wannan suna mai kyau, tsire-tsire kuma mai ban sha'awa ne a bayyanar. Kyakkyawan daji mai yawa mai launin ruwan hoda, fari, furanni mai launin furanni zai iya haskakawa har ma da hunturu hunturu mafi duhu - a lokacin da mafi yawan sauran tsire-tsire a gidan zai kasance hutawa. Tun azalea yana da matukar bukata don kulawa da yanayin girma, ana dafa shi ne a cikin greenhouses da kuma gidanplant, amma akwai wasu nau'in tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire waɗanda zasu iya girma cikin ƙasa.
Mafi sau da yawa, wannan kyautar kyakkyawa kyakkyawa ta kyauta ce ta kyauta. Duk da haka, bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci, sai ya ƙare, ya fara sauke takarda da ya mutu. Dalilin wannan hali na shuka yana cikin kuskure ko rashin kulawa da shi. Idan har ka zama mai kyau na kyautar Indiyawan Indiya, za mu ba da shawarar ka koyi yadda za ka kula da ita a gida.
Azalea Indica: siffofi na tsire-tsire
Dakunan yawancin suna dauke da nau'in bred bisa nau'o'in azaleas guda biyu: Indiya da Jafananci.
Indian azalea (indica) (Azalea indica) nau'in halitta ne wanda ke tsiro a cikin gandun daji tare da babban zafi. Ana kiran furen fure saboda ba ya so ya ci gaba da sauran yanayi, sai dai waɗanda ke kewaye da shi a cikin daji. Saboda haka, idan ba ku kirkiro ta'aziyya ga azaleas ba, to zata ƙi zama tare da ku.
A yanayi, shuka yana tsiro tare da ruwan sama mai yawa, yanayin zafi mai sanyi, a cikin ƙasa mai yalwa da high acidity. Lokacin flowering na farkon Indica iri da dama a ranar Disamba-Janairu, da tsakiyar-marigayi furanni aka saki a Janairu-Maris, marigayi suna Bloom a Fabrairu-Afrilu.
Shin kuna sani? Azalea ba nasara ba ne kawai masu yawa masu shuka furanni: shahararrun masu furanni da matafiya Brainius da Conners, waɗanda suka yi kokarin dasa shuki a shuka a Turai, ba za su iya tatsa shi ba. Sai dai a farkon karni na goma sha tara, Indiyawan azalea sun sami ceto daga Indiya, bayan haka wadanan shayarwa na Turai zasu iya yin hakan, suna ba da kulawa da kyau ga furen da kuma samar da nau'o'in da dama da kuma matasan da ke kan shi.Tsarin ya kai kimanin 50 cm. Tsarin tushen shine na kasa, Tushen suna da taushi sosai. Ganye ne ƙananan, duhu kore. A lokacin flowering akwai su kusan ba a ganuwa a baya da inflorescences. Ganye sune launin ruwan kasa ko m, an rufe su da gashi. Flowers - matsakaici, har zuwa 3.5 cm a diamita, an tattara a cikin inflorescences. Petals na iya zama terry da talakawa. Azalea azalea furanni a cikin wasu tabarau, yana da fari, ruwan hoda, cream, rawaya, jan, sauti biyu, speckled.
Dasa da ajiye shuke-shuke a dakin
Ayyukan kula da wannan furen zai zama daban-daban a cikin hunturu da lokacin rani. Alal misali, a cikin hunturu, wuri mafi kyau ga azaleas zai zama windows ko wadanda ba a daskarewa ba suna kallon arewa ko yamma. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, to lallai ya kamata a cire shuka daga rana. Yana da mahimmanci don kare furen daga iska mai dumi daga baturi - tare da taimakon allo, ko kuma ta ajiye shi a cikin akwatin kifaye. Lokacin da aka sanya shi cikin zurfin dakin don shuka shi wajibi ne don samar da ƙarin haske.
A lokacin rani, yafi kyau a dauki flower zuwa iska mai haske a cikin inuwa mai haske, misali, daga wasu tsire-tsire. A kowane hali, ga wadanda suke so su sani game da abubuwan da ake son Indica houseplant da azamana da kuma yadda zasu kula da shi, bayanin da furen ya fi dacewa da sanyi, ɗakunan dakuna, ba tare da zane ba, amma da kyau, zai kasance da amfani.
Wani irin haske yake bukata don shuka?
Haskewa don girma azaleas zai buƙaci sosai. Ta fi son girma a cikin haske mai haske ko a cikin haske penumbra. Hasken rana kai tsaye don shuka yana lalacewa, kamar yadda yake sa konewa a kan ganye. A cikin hunturu, Azalea bazai da haske. A wannan yanayin, zai zama dole don shigar da fitila mai haskakawa don haskaka shi.
Bukatun don zazzabi da zafi
Kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani, alamun da suka fi muhimmanci ga ci gaba da ci gaba da azaleas shine tsarin zafin jiki da zafi. Idan ba za ka iya ƙirƙirar cikin dakin inda flower ke tsiro, da yawan zafin jiki na + 10-15 ºС, sa'an nan kuma ya ƙi girma da kuma Bloom. Yawan zazzabi da azalea ya yarda ya jure, - +18 º
Abin takaici, don ƙirƙirar irin wannan yanayi a ɗakin gari na gari yana da wuyar gaske. Saboda haka, masu bada shawara suna bayar da shawarar hanyoyi biyu don kula da azalea a cikin tukunya don ƙirƙirar yanayin zafi mafi kyau:
- Rufe tukunya a kewaye da kewaye tare da takankara ko dusar ƙanƙara;
- Sada shuka tare da ruwan sanyi sau da yawa.
A lokacin hunturu-kaka (daga Oktoba zuwa Janairu), wato, kafin da kuma lokacin saitin flower buds, za a iya cire azaleas zuwa rufe loggias. Mafi yawan yawan zafin jiki don adana flower shine -5 ºС. Lokacin da azalea blooms, to, mafi kyau yawan zafin jiki na shi zai zama + 16-17 ºС. Ta ƙaddamar da digiri, za a iya samun tsawon lokacin flowering. Alal misali, indica azalea ja a 12 ºС zai yi Bloom domin 2-2.5 watanni. Kuma idan takaddar Mercury ta tsallake alamar a 18 ºС, furanni za su rike kan shuka don kawai makonni biyu.Wani whim na azaleas shine babban zafi - 60-80%. Sabili da haka, a cikin dakin inda yake girma, yana da kyawawa don yin amfani da wani mai laushi, da kuma yin gyaran furen na yau da kullum. Wadannan hanyoyin suna wajibi ne a lokacin rani da kuma lokacin zafi. Suna bukatar a yi akalla sau biyu a rana - da safe da maraice. Lokacin da aka ajiye a yanayin zafi maras kyau, fure bata buƙatar spraying.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don yadurawa, dole ne ka yi amfani da distilled taushi ko ruwa mai dadi.Har ila yau, ana iya kiyaye zafi tare da taimakon abin da ake kira "wanka na wanka" - tukunya da flower an sanya shi a kan tire tare da yumbu mai yadu, pebbles.
Abin da ya kamata ya zama madara don dasa
Don dasa furanni dace da ƙasa mai kyau (pH 4-4.5) tare da alamomi "Ga azaleas", "Don rhododendrons". A lokacin da suke shirya kayan abinci da hannayensu, dole ne a haɗuwa da ƙasa, peat, yashi (1: 1: 1). A cikin cakuda, zaka iya haɗuwa da wani ɓangare na ƙasar gandun dajin coniferous. Tabbatar ƙara ƙara malalewa.
Shin kuna sani? Azalea, baya ga halaye na kayan ado, yana da kaddarorin masu amfani - yana wanke iska a cikin dakin daga irin waɗannan abubuwa masu cutarwa irin su toluene, xylene, ammoniya.
Zaɓaɓɓen zaɓi da dasa
Lokacin da sayen riga aka dasa azaleas, dole ne ka ba da fifiko ga furanni ba tare da an bude ba, amma a shirye su yi furanni, buds da 'yan furanni masu furanni. Ƙasa a cikin tukunya kada ta bushe. Har ila yau, a kan tsire-tsire bai kamata ya bushe ba ko yaron ganye.
Idan kayi shirin dasawa da kanka tare da taimakon tsaba ko cuttings, to, tun da yake yana da tushe, wani karamin tukunya a siffar tasa zai dace da ita.
Yadda ake kula da azalea indica
Bugu da ƙari, rike da yawan zafin jiki da zafi da ake buƙata, injin ba ya buƙatar ƙoƙarin gaggawa idan ya girma. An yi imani da cewa azalea indica yana buƙatar noma da kuma dasawa, amma masana a cikin halaye na yadda za a kula da su, a matsayin mulkin, rubuta: "kula da matsananciyar wuya."
Features watering azaleas indica
A matsayin asali na ƙasashe masu saurin yanayi, azalea yana son lokuta da yawa. Yana da mahimmanci kada a rufe shi ko dai wata hanya ko ɗaya - don haka kasar gona ba ta bushe ba kuma ba ta da yawa. Musamman yanayin yanayin ƙasa a cikin tukunya ya kamata a kula yayin lokacin flowering.
A lokacin hunturu da hunturu, idan shuka yana cikin dakin sanyi, an rage adadi da ƙaramin watering. A lokacin rani yana buƙatar ruwa a kalla sau biyu a rana. A wannan yanayin, yana da kyawawa don sauyawa na sama da ƙananan glazes.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don ban ruwa shi ne mafi alhẽri a yi amfani da distilled, ruwan sama ko narke ruwa. Idan kun sha ruwa tare da famfo ruwa, to dole ne a kare shi don kwanaki da yawa ko Boiled. Ya kamata ruwa ya kasance a dakin da zafin jiki.An bada shawarar zuwa lokaci-lokaci watering tare da ruwa acidic. An shirya ta dissolving 1 teaspoon na citric acid a cikin lita biyu na ruwa. Da wannan bayani, ana shayar da shuka sau ɗaya a wata.
Idan saboda wasu dalilai dashi mai karfi daga ƙasa ya faru, to dole sai a sanya tukunyar tukunya a cikin kwanon rufi da ruwa har tsawon sa'o'i hudu. Bayan haka, mayar da shi zuwa wurin asali. Zai yiwu ya fara farawa na yau da kullum a kwana uku.
Tare da lokaci guda wucewa na shayarwa, wajibi ne don magudana ruwa don kaucewa lalacewarsa da tushe.
Taki da kuma flower ciyar
Takin azalea a lokacin girma kakar sau biyu a wata tare da ma'adinai da takin mai magani. Lokacin da aka zabi buds, ana bada shawara don ciyar da flower tare da superphosphate (15 g / 10 l na ruwa), Kemira-Lux, Uniflor-Bud, da dai sauransu. A cikin shaguna na musamman za ka iya saya taki na musamman don Azaleas.
Ana iya hawan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire tare da takin mai magani wanda ke dauke da nitrogen, kamar "Uniflor-micro". Aiwatar da azaleas da taki don tada girma daga "Zircon".
Yana da muhimmanci! Lokacin amfani da kayan ado, bi umarnin kan kunshin don kada ya cutar da shuka.
Yankan da kuma ƙulla azaleas
A lokacin flowering, duk buds yayin da suka Bloom da kwalaye iri dole ne a cire da sauri.
Bayan karshen fasalin azaleas da aka haɗu zuwa tambaya akan yadda za a kula da shuka ya kamata a kusata ba tare da la'akari ba. Wani muhimmiyar rawa a wannan lokacin za a buga shi ta hanyar pruning da kuma nada harbe.
Nuna itace ya zama dole ya yi - zai taimakawa wajen kara tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Don ba fure mai siffar mai tsabta, matasa harbe tsunkule, barin ganye 4-5. An cire giraren girma daga flower buds. Har ila yau cire dauke da overgrown da rauni harbe. Za'a iya farawa a farkon watan Maris, a ƙarshen - a watan Mayu.
Yana da muhimmanci! Duk sassan azaleas suna da guba, idan an hade su, zasu iya rinjayar tsokoki, tsarin kulawa na tsakiya, kuma zai iya zama m.Idan baka yin furanni da kuma pruning, to, a tsawon lokacin da shuka zai yi girma a cikin rassan bishiya kuma zai yi raunana.
Azalea ya ba da shi da kuma samuwar kambi. A matsayinka na mulkin, ana ba da nau'i nau'i biyu: a cikin wani itace ko wani daji.
Azalea Indica Tsarin Dokoki
Azalea ba ya yin kuka da yawa game da dasawa, saboda haka dole ne a yi wannan hanya kawai a cikin matsanancin hali, alal misali, lokacin da tukunya ya riga ya zama ƙananan ga tushen tushen tushen ko kuma lokacin da tushen sun shafi rot.
Kada ka dasa shuka a bayan sayan - yana bukatar lokaci don daidaitawa. Yaran matasan har zuwa shekara uku za'a iya sake gina su sau ɗaya a shekara, tsofaffi - sau ɗaya kowace shekara biyu.
Lokacin da transplanting ba zai iya halakar da tushen ball. Hanya mafi kyau za a iya magance shi tare da ƙarin sautin sabo. A wannan yanayin, yana da darajar biyan hankali ga gaskiyar cewa wuyansa na wuyansa yana sama da ƙasa.
Ba a yarda dashi a tsire-tsire a cikin hunturu ba. Better to yi shi bayan flowering.
Sauya Azalea Indica
Faɗakar Azalea yana faruwa a hanyoyi guda hudu: iri, yankan, rarraba daji da grafting. Hanyar mafi yawan al'ada ita ce jigging cuttings. Ko da yake wannan tsari baza'a kira shi mai sauƙi ba, domin saboda aiwatar da nasararsa ya buƙaci greenhouse.
Cuttings 8-10 cm tsawo an yanka a spring daga harbe sown a Yuli a bara. An girbe kawai daga shuke-shuke masu lafiya, ba fiye da sau daya a shekara ba. An yanka cuttings tare da wuka mai kaifi akan koda. An cire kananan ganye. An sanya shinge a cikin akwati da peat mai dadi, mai zurfi da 5 cm. An rufe akwati da kwalba, polyethylene, ko sanya shi a cikin wani gine-gine, inda babban matakin zafi (80%), da yawan zafin jiki na +25 ºС da haske da aka watsa. Cuttings akai-akai fesa da kuma ba su damar yin amfani da oxygen. Dole ne a sa ran a cikin watanni uku zuwa shida. Bayan sunadaran sun bayyana, ana shuka tsire-tsire zuwa wuri mai dindindin.
Raba ta hanyar rarraba daji yana dace ne kawai don tsire-tsire masu shekaru uku.
Cututtuka da kwari na flower
Indica azalea tare da kulawa mara kyau a gida zai iya shafar cututtuka da kwari. Kwayoyin da suka fi dacewa da zasu iya cutar da furen su ne azalea mole, mealybug, whitefly, scrambler, gizo-gizo mite, aphid, thrips.
Da sauran rhododendrons, azalea mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka da dama, wanda daga cikinsu akwai fuka-fuka, foda, fusarium, tsatsa, da dai sauransu.
Lokacin da aka gano irin waɗannan matsalolin a kan shuka, dole ne a bi da su da sunadaran. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa tare da duk shawarwarin game da noma da kulawa da azalea, haɗarin kama duk wani ciwo ko masihi kadan ne.
Mun yi ƙoƙarin raba dukkanin hanyoyin da za mu kula da furen azalea. Lalle ne, tana da sha'awa sosai, yana buƙatar kuma ba zai iya girma a cikin kowane ɗakin ba, ba kowane mai ba. Duk da haka, idan ka ƙirƙiri yanayin da ya fi dacewa da shi, zai fifita ka da furanni har tsawon hunturu. Hakika, wannan tsire-tsire yana da hanta mai haɗari kuma zai rayu har zuwa shekaru 70.
