Bam ɗin itace tsiro ne mai haɓaka cikin sauri wanda ke girma cikin daji a cikin wurare masu zafi da ƙasashe na ƙasashen Asiya. Ba daidai ba ne a kira shuka ɗan itace; wakilin dangin alkama ne. A cikin yanayin temped latitude an girma a cikin lambuna hunturu, gidaje.
A cikin latitude kudu suna ciyawa a fili. Sakamakon haɓaka mai aiki, ikon ƙirƙirar akwati mai ƙarfi, bamboo na yau da kullun ya zama alama ta jimiri, ƙarfi.
Bamboo bayanin
Mai tushe na shuka ana kiransu daidai. Suna sauri lignify, reshe kawai a cikin sashin na sama. A karkashin yanayin halitta, harbe suna girma zuwa mita 50. Ganyayyaki suna da tsawo, lanceolate. Spikelet harbe suna zaune ɗaya a cikin wasu nau'in; a cikin wasu, suna girma cikin rukuni. Bamboo da wuya yayi fure bayan shekaru 10 ko fiye. Bayan an farfado, hatsi su mutu gabaɗaya, a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau ne tushen rayayyen ya kasance. Kyakkyawan fasalin shuka shine a lokaci guda fure mafi yawan tsire-tsire a cikin yanki ɗaya.
Bam da dadewa ana amfani da shi azaman kayan gini. Haske mai santsi mara laushi (bambaro) ana godiya dashi saboda ƙyalƙyalin sa, ana yawan amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar tsaran asali.
Iri da nau'ikan bamboo
Daga cikin nau'ikan da yawa, mafi shahararrun suna da yawa:
- Saza an girma a cikin lambunan Jafananci, akwai nau'in dwarf da nau'in girma, tsawo na mai tushe daga 25 cm zuwa mita 2.5. Ganyen Kuril saza ya kai 13 cm tsawo tsayi 25 mm. Saza Nebulosa yayi kama da itacen dabino; nau'in Vichy yana da launuka na zinare.
- Fargesia ko bamboo na kasar Sin rukuni ne na tsirrai masu matsakaici. Tsawon faranti ɗin ya kai cm 10, faɗin faɗin ya kai 15 mm.
An raba nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan fargesia 40 don girmar gida, lambunan hunturu:
- Haske haƙuri haƙuri frosts da kyau, painless hibernates a bude ƙasa, da mai tushe lokacin da lignified saya mai dadi duhu launi launi;
- Sabuwar tarin yana da godiya ga waje: duhu mai ruwan cakulan mai duhu tare da shunayya mai launin shuɗi ya bambanta m ganye;
- McClue yayi girma zuwa tsayin mita 3,5, ana amfani da iri iri don dasa layi, shinge masko, trellises;
- Eisenach, Babbar Ganuwa - nau'in bamboo tare da ƙananan ganye mai duhu na bakin ciki, ana amfani da waɗannan nau'ikan don ƙirƙirar shinge;
- Simba, Jumbo, Bimbo - nau'ikan ƙananan haɓaka don haɓaka gida.
Phyllostachis wani nau'in tsayi ne na bamboo tare da gajeren internodes, mai laushi ko furen launuka mai tushe:
- baƙar fata (tsokoki suna fara duhu bayan shekaru biyu na ci gaba);
- tare da tsagi na zinari da launin shuɗi;
- haske mai launin shuɗi, mai launi mai launi ya fara nuna lokacin da harbi ya ƙage a shekara ta biyu na rayuwa, ana amfani da wannan nau'in ƙauna mai zafi a cikin shimfidar wuri;
- kore, ba duk nau'in bamboo bane canza launi da tushe yayin girma;
- Tan, wannan bambanci na al'ada don bamboo galibi ana haɗe shi da inuwa daban na internodes.
Pleioblastus - nau'in dwarf, daga cikinsu akwai bambance bambancen. Shrub dace da gida girma.
Fasali na girma bamboo a filin budewa
Tsarin nau'in sanyi na jure-kwamba na tsiro a cikin tsakiyar latitude, jure wa sanyi ƙasa har zuwa -20 ° С. Don shuka a kan shafin, an zaɓi wuraren da ke da tsabtataccen kariya daga iska. A lokacin hunturu, dusar ƙanƙara ya kamata ta sauka a kan sahunan, idan iska ta busa ta, tokar ɗin zata daskare.
An dasa shuka daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni, a cikin lokaci na ci gaban tushen aiki. Ana bukatar kasar gona sako-sako, haske. A yumɓu, mai nauyi, ƙasa mai wuya, bamboo baya ɗaukar tushe, yana fara bushewa, da sauri ya lalace. Ana buƙatar ƙasa sosai tare da tsaka tsaki ko ɗan acidic. A bu mai kyau don amfani da ƙasa mai gina jiki tare da babban abun ciki na humus.
Naman tsiron waje
An bada shawara don shirya ramuka don dasa shuki a cikin bazara. An yi su mai zurfi, har zuwa cm 40. extraasar da aka fitar daga ramin an haɗe shi da humus a cikin rabo 1: 1. A cikin hunturu, ramin saukowa ya cika kawai a 1/3 na zurfin, yana yin ƙaramin tarin fuka. Ragowar ƙasa an kafa shi kusa da rami. Idan ba zai yiwu a shirya wuri don dasawa ba a cikin kaka, kafin a dasa bam ɗin, an tona rami da kyau, ya rage tsawon kwanaki 3-4, ƙasa kuma ta zauna.
Kafin dasawa, bamboo an shirya shi musamman: dunƙule dunƙasa ya mamaye da ruwa, yana nutsar da tukunya cikin ruwa gabaɗaya. Bar don akalla sa'o'i 2. Bayan haka, an cire tsire a hankali a cikin karkata wuri don kada ya lalata asalinsu. Latterarshe yana madaidaiciya, dasa bamboo, an rufe shi da ƙasa. Sannan a zubar da ruwa. A kasar gona bayan dasa dole ne a compacted, crushed da ƙafãfunsu sabõda haka, babu wani voids, kawai saman 5 cm aka bar sako-sako.
Kulawar bamboo na waje
Fasahar aikin gona na tsiro mai girma na saukowa zuwa ruwa na yau da kullun, kayan miya, na bakin ciki, saboda harbe-harbe ba su tsoma baki ga juna ba. Kowane abu ya kamata a faɗi dalla dalla.
Watse
Bayan dasa, da yankuna suna bukatar yawan ruwa don 'yan makonnin farko. Sai kawai tare da ruwan sama akai-akai ba ƙasa ba bugu da moistari yana amfani da shi. Don adana danshi, kasar gona a kusa da matasa seedlings an yafa masa bushe humus, ƙasa warms sama mafi kyau. Idan ba zai yiwu a shayar da tsire-tsire matasa ba sau da yawa, an ja ƙasa a kusa da su tare da fim mai duhu, lokacin da aka yi zafi, ruwa ya fara tashi daga zurfin, kuma yana gudana zuwa asalinsu. A lokacin rani tare da raɓa mai yawa, a lokacin da ake yawan rage ruwa a ruwa. Manyayen tsire-tsire masu tsufa ba su da muni sau 2 a mako (yin la'akari da ruwan sama). Tare da kusancin abin da ya faru na ruwan karkashin kasa, ya zama dole don ɗayan juna kusanci ga tsarin ban ruwa. Lokacin da ruwa ya yi tsayi, ganyen zai koma launin rawaya. Tsakanin shawo yana da kyau a sassauta kasar gona a kai zuwa zurfin 5 cm.
Mai jan tsami
Tsabtace lokacin bazara shine don cire lalacewa, murguda baki, daskararre mai tushe. Itatuwan ciyawa masu kauri zuwa rana domin rana ta shiga cikin zurfin. Lokacin yankan, an cire kara a matakin ƙasa ba tare da barin kututture ba, ko a kulli. Itace sare da aka yanke saman internode zata fara girma, lallai za a sake yanka ta. A cikin kaka, ba a cire ¼ harbe ba, a yanka mai tushe yawanci ana barin hagu zuwa hunturu akan tsiro, kuma ana amfani dasu don ƙirƙirar mafakar hunturu da ke kare daga sanyi.
Manyan miya
A cikin bazara, ana ƙara ƙwayoyin halittar jiki don haɓaka haɓaka mai aiki. Bugu da ƙari ga takin mai magani na nitrogen suna amfani da ma'adinai, madaidaicin rabo na phosphates, nitrogen, potassium 3: 4: 2. A cikin faduwa, daɗa yawan phosphorus (4: 4: 2). Isasa ta kwance, an rufe manyan granules a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin 3 cm, ana amfani da miya mai tsayi a cikin girman 1 tablespoon (akwatin kwalliya) a kowace mita 1 murabba'i.
Cin nasara
Don adana tushen a cikin dusar ƙanƙara a wuraren da ke da ɗan dusar ƙanƙara, ana rufe da'irar gangar jikin tare da ciyawa daga 5 zuwa 10 cm.Domin wannan dalilin, ana amfani da itacen girki mai bushe, ciyawa ko ciyawa mai bushe. Wasu yan lambu suna rufe bamboo da ganye bushe. A wannan yanayin, yana da kyau a fara bi da su da ƙwayoyin kwari. Don kariya ta dusar ƙanƙara, ana amfani da rassan bushe, suna makale a cikin ƙasa a kewayen filayen.
Yana da mahimmanci cewa bamboo ya tsira lokacin hunturu na farko, shine mafi wuya ga shuka. Gangar jikin nau'ikan nau'ikan zafi yana mutu a -17 ° C; ga tsarin tushe, zazzabi da ke ƙasa -8 ° C ba da shawarar ba. Tare da santimita mai santimita 15 na dusar ƙanƙara, sanyi ba su tsoron saukowa.
Kulawar bamboo cikin gida
Girma bamboo na cikin gida yana cikin hanyoyi masu yawa kama da bunkasa shi a cikin ƙasa. Don saukakawa, an shimfidar tsarin kulawa.
| Gaskiya | Bayanin |
| Wuri da Haske | Fulatan furanni suna ba da shawarar sanya bamboo akan windows wanda ke fuskantar gabas ko yamma, hasken da aka watsa zai ba da labulen raga. Tare da rashin rana, tsirran zai sauke ganye. |
| Zazzabi | Yanayin da ya fi dacewa don haɓaka ya kasance daga +18 zuwa 25 ° С, ɗan itacen yana jure zafin zazzabi a kwanakin bazara ba tare da damuwa ba, bambanci mai tsayi tsakanin zafin rana da rana ba a so. |
| Kasar | Bamboo ba fata ce ba; ƙasa ce ga kowane furanni, gyada, tumatir, ƙasa baki ɗaya ta dace da ita. A kasan lokacin da sauka, an shimfiɗa magudanar ruwa. |
| Iyawa | Yana da kyau a zaɓi tukunyar yumɓu don ta iya numfashi. Yana da mahimmanci yanzunnan zaɓi ƙarfin zurfi da fadi da yawa, inji yana buƙatar ɗaki. |
| Watse | Gwaryar ƙasa bazai bushewa ba, tana da danshi yayin da take bushewa. Matasa harbe ana shayar da yalwa kawai a farkon watan farkon. A cikin hunturu, yana da muhimmanci a hana tururuwa ruwa. |
| Haushi | A bu mai kyau a goge ganyen zoga kowane mako don kada turbaya ta tara su. Rigar sprayings ana za'ayi akai-akai, kawai a maraice bayan zafi kwanaki da shuka a yarda ya huta daga zafin rana. |
| Manyan miya | Dukkanin abubuwan ma'adinai da kwayoyin halitta ake bukata. Zai dace a zabi babbar riguna don dracaenas, idan ba su ba, yana halatta a yi amfani da kayan girke-girke na duniya don tsirrai na cikin gida. |
Mista mazaunin bazara ya ba da sanarwar: hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da bamboo a gida
A gida, shuka yana inganta sosai cikin ruwa. Ya isa ya canza ta sau ɗaya a mako. Varietiesannen cikin gida sune unpretentious, suna da sauri saurin nauyi, ba layer. An ba shi damar ƙara haɓaka haɓaka da takin mai magani a cikin ruwa (1/3 na adadin da aka ba da shawarar don kada wani damuwa ga tsiro). A cikin yanayin gida ko lambun hunturu tare da namo ƙasa, bamboo mai tushe ya kai tsayin mita 2. A cikin dan kankanin lokaci, masu noman fure suna samar da busassun ciyayi na gaske. Yana da mahimmanci don ciyar da al'ada a kan kari, kada ku bar ruwan ya yi taushi.
Ba a ba da shawarar filastik don namo ba, ya fi kyau a zaɓi gilashin ko kwantena na baƙin ƙarfe na babban girma, yana halatta a yi amfani da jarkoki. Ana sanya murƙusus kusa da taga ko tushen haske. Dankin yana bada haɓaka mai kyau a ƙarƙashin phytolamp. Ruwa don fashewar bamboo yana zama da farko a tsaye a cikin akwati a buɗe domin sinadarin chlorine.
Matattarar ruwa ko matattarar ruwa bai dace da shuka ba. Shuka ta amsa sosai tana narke ruwa.
Bam din yaduwa
Abun cikin bamboo na cikin gida kusan ba yaduwa, ya yi tsauri da tsayi da yawa don shuka seedlings ta wannan hanyar.
Hanyar mafi yaduwa mai yaduwa ana ɗauka ya zama itace. Don waɗannan dalilai, ana amfani da harbe harbe, ana yanke su a cikin bazara daga babban tushe na shuka mai girma. An raba ganyen ba tare da lahani ba, an dasa shi a cikin ƙasa mai dausayi don tushen.
An bayyana abun da ke ciki na ƙasa. A kasan tankin saukar da saukar ruwa. Domin kada ku shiga cikin dasa shuka bayan shekara 1-2, sanya seedling a cikin babban tukunya. Gwargwadon cutukan ba shi da mahimmanci.
Ana yin yankan tare tare da dasa shuki a cikin sabon akwati, 3-5 cm ya fi girma a diamita da zurfi fiye da na baya. Zai fi kyau a yi haka a lokacin bazara. Yanke suna daidaitawa sosai, ɗauki tushe tare da kulawa mai kyau. Kada a yarda bushewa na dinma.
Cututtuka da kwari na bamboo
Yawancin nau'in tsire-tsire masu tsayayya wa cuta, kwari ba su shafar su. Kawai wasu ke kai hari ta gizo-gizo mites, suna jan hankalin succulent ganye. Don lura da abin da ya shafa mai tushe da ganyayyaki, ana amfani da kowane acaricides, ana bred bisa ga umarnin. Ana aiwatar da yaduwa da maraice, a cikin yanayin kwanciyar hankali, ta amfani da kayan kariya na sirri.
Tsutsotsi suna bayyana wasu lokuta, waɗannan ƙananan kwari suna jin tsoron shuka ko ƙwayoyin kwari.
Daga cikin cututtukan fungal, '' tsatsa '' ganye yana daga halayyar bamboo; Don dalilai na hanawa, ana kula da ƙasa tare da bushe phytosporin. Lokacin da stains suka bayyana, ana amfani da fungicides.
Ganyen Yellowing a damina ba a ɗaukar cuta, tsiro ya ragu da kashi 25 zuwa 50% na ganye don hunturu. A lokacin rani, yellowing na faruwa ne daga chlorosis, ƙwayoyin ganye suna zama na zarya, na toshewa saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki, tare da wucewar sinadarin chlorine a cikin ƙasa (ƙyalli na ƙasa). Bayan daɗaɗɗa miya tare da takin nitrogen, yellowness ya ɓace.
