Inabi - al'ada ce da ke buƙatar ƙara kulawa, musamman idan ba ta girma ba a kudancin Rasha, amma a tsakiyar layi ko Siberia. Tun da tsire-tsire mai ƙaunar zafi, yana da matukar wahala a gare shi ya tsira a cikin yanayi mai sanyi, da kuma rashin kulawa ta dace, ƙasa da ba ta dace da cututtuka daban-daban na iya lalata ba kawai amfanin gona ba, amma gaba ɗaya tsire, tare da ganye, mai tushe da asalinsu.
Inabi, kamar sauran abubuwan rayayyun halittu, galibi sukan kamu da kamuwa da cuta, wanda ake yada shi daga tsire mai cuta zuwa lafiya. Ta wannan hanyar, cututtuka daban-daban na hoto, fungi da ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa suna wucewa.
A yawancin halaye, ciyawa da ƙananan kwari da ke ƙasa, irin su kwari da tsoka, sune jigilar cututtuka a cikin gonakin inabi.
Ga kamuwa da bushes, duk wani abu na waje zai shafi ci gaban su da ci gaban su, ya kasance takin ƙasa ne, abun da yake ciki, yanayin iska, tsarin yanayi, da sauransu. Misali, a lokacin ruwan sama mai karfi, innabi mai zafi zai bushe kawai.
Akwai nau'in cututtukan innabi marasa kamuwa da cuta - waɗannan sun haɗa da raunin injuna daban-daban, kamar surar da ba ta dace ba, kunar rana a jiki, lalacewar tushen ta kayan aikin lambu.
Fungal cututtuka na inabõbi
Mafi yawan cutar da ta zama ruwan dare gama manoma da masu shayarwa ne ake kira mildew (sidium), kuma a cikin kalmomi masu sauki - mildew downy.
Wannan naman alade yana shafar ganye na innabi, harbe da kuma berries, forming rawaya da launin toka a kansu. Ba za a iya watsi da wannan alamar ba, in ba haka ba za ku iya kasancewa ba kawai ba tare da amfanin gona ba, har ma a gaba ɗaya ba tare da amfanin gona a shafin ba.
Namomin kaza suna girma a cikin ƙasa, akan ganyayyaki da suka fadi da kuma lalatattun berries kuma iska tana ɗauke da su ta manyan wuraren gonakin inabi. Leavesaramin ganye da goge na berries sun fi kusantar lalacewa, tsofaffin sun fi tsayayya da wannan kamuwa da cuta.
Don rigakafin, lambu masu gogewa sun ɗaure harbe don kada su yi kwance a ƙasa; uwa da kuma cire karin harbe; Suna tsabtace shi a ƙarƙashin gonakin inabin, suna cirewa da ƙone ganye, kuma suna fesa su tare da shirye-shiryen tagulla sau 5-6 a kowace kakar (cakuda Bordeaux 1, chloroxide 1). An gama sarrafa abubuwa 3 makonni kafin girbi.
Ana magance shi da mildew ta lokaci-lokaci ta fesa vines tare da fungicides. An nuna sakamako mai kyau tare da Zircon. Da dama daga cikin ingantattun kayan aikin: Strobi, Polikhom, Rodimol Gold.
Wata naman gwari mai haɗari shine Oidium. Yana faruwa a ɗan lokaci kaɗan, amma alamomin kusan iri ɗaya ne da cutar ta farko - aibobi masu launin toka akan ganye da ganyayyaki.
Mashahurin sunan cutar shine mildew powdery. Idan baku dauki matakan kariya ba da kamuwa da wannan cutar, amfanin gona yana cikin hatsari babba. Na farko, da berries za su fashe, kuma a cikin 'yan shekaru al'adar za ta shuɗe.
Matakan rigakafin ba sa bambanta da na na mildew. Ayyukan guda ɗaya zasu taimaka kare shuka daga kamuwa da cuta.
Don magani, ya zama dole don amfani da mafita tare da ƙari na shirye-shiryen sulfur. Manufa da gaske suna yaƙar kamuwa da cuta, kuma suna kiyaye amfanin gona.
Don maganin da ya ƙare, 80 grams na sulfur dole ne a diluted a guga na ruwa. Bugu da kari, za'a iya amfani da sulfur mai narkewa tare da Bugu da kari na resin itace. Carbis Top, Tiovit, Topaz kuma zasu taimaka.
Anthracnose - bushewa da gonar inabinsa. Bar ganye da rassa an rufe su da sheqa launin ruwan kasa da bushe. Ana haifar dashi galibi ta yawan ruwan sama mai yawan gaske.
Ana amfani da magani iri ɗaya kamar tare da mildew - magani na guba da kuma cire harbe mai lalacewa.
Idan cutar ta sami wani tsari na yau da kullun, ko kuma ya ja - kana buƙatar amfani da fungicides, kamar: Kartotsid, Fundazol, Polycarbacin, Ordan, Previkur, Artserid, Abiga-Peak. Yakamata a yi maganin rigakafin a kai a kai sati biyu.
Anthracnose-like cuta - Cercosporosis. Idan kamuwa da cuta, ganyen ya zama ya cika da aiban zaitun ya bushe. Don magani, ana amfani da cakuda Bordeaux.
Wata cuta cuta ce ta bazara. Alamarsa kamar haka: an rufe berries da farin fararen fata, sauran sassan shuka suna da launin shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa. Damage berries da sauri rot. Ruwan Bordeaux zai taimaka sosai a yaƙin.
Escoriasis (baƙar fata) - wannan naman gwari yana baƙar fata baƙi ko'ina cikin shuka. Bar, 'ya'yan itatuwa da rassa sun zama baƙi. Abinda ya kamu ya zama baƙar fata, ya bushe ya faɗi, ya kasa ɗauka. Don adana tsirrai, girkewa da ƙona rassan da suka lalace wajibi ne, kuma ana iya kula da shuka tare da antifungal fungicide Medea ME, kuma ya kamata a yi hakan a farkon bazara, lokacin da thean itacen suka fara toho.
Apoplexy. Wannan cuta ta fungal ta shafi daji a tsakiyar kaka, a cikin yanayi mai zafi. Farar farar faranti akan ƙananan ganye. Saboda yawan adadin guba mai guba da aka saki daga tsire-tsire, shuka zai iya mutuwa da sauri, amma akwai wasu lokuta da cutar ta ci gaba a cikin yanayin na yau da kullun. Arsenite yana taimakawa tare da wannan naman gwari, duk da haka, mai guba ne kuma ya kamata a yi amfani dashi da taka tsantsan. 
Grey rot, farin rot, black rot
Tushen launin toka - launin toka mai toshiyar launin toka wanda ke shafar kowane bangare na shuka. Mafi sau da yawa, yana bayyana akan ƙananan bunches na berries. Akwai haɗari sosai a cutar, mara kyau magani. Ba da shawarar yana nufin Medea ME, taken 390, Sauyawa, Horus, Antracol. Don rigakafin, kuna buƙatar tayar da boles daga saman ƙasa, tsunkule shuka, cire ciyayi, kar a yi overdo da takin mai magani na nitrogen.
Farar fata ba ta bambanta da ita sosai. Da wannan cuta, galibi berries rot. Farin gashi mai launin fari, kamar shayi, yana rufe goge baki ɗaya ko duka. Wannan cuta ba koyaushe tana magana game da cututtukan fungal ba, wani lokacin yana bayyana lokacin da shuka ya lalace a cikin inji. A lura iri daya ne kamar yadda tare da mildew.
Baki rot. Da wannan cuta, ganye da berries duhu. Lokacin da aka ci nasara, sukan samo launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi. Cutar na ci gaba cikin hanzari, ta bazu zuwa wuraren lafiya, bi da bi, yankin na lalacewa. Don neman magani, Antracol, Topaz da fungicides tare da abun jan ƙarfe sun dace.
Armillarosis cuta ne na fungal wanda ke shafar tushen da ganyen inabi. Da farko sun juya launin rawaya, kuma a cikin kaka sun cika ido tare da namomin kaza da launin shuɗi da launin ruwan kasa. 'Ya'yan inabi suna magance su ta hanyar fungicides tare da jan karfe.
Verticillosis cuta ce da ke ci gaba sama da shekaru biyar. A lokacin cutar, harbe ya mutu kuma ganye suna juya launin rawaya. Don magani, feshin bushes tare da Fundazol ya dace.
Innabi na Inabi
A mafi yawan hatsari cututtuka na inabõbi ne hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri. Encedwararrun mashaya giya da manoma sun san cewa tare da kamuwa da cuta, kwayar hanyar da ta dace kawai ita ce cire daji, tunda irin waɗannan cututtukan kusan ba su da magani. Cutar na faruwa ne ta hanyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa ta hanyar ƙwayoyin matasa ko kwari.
Irin waɗannan cututtukan suna da matukar wahala a tantance, tunda alamu sun ɗan bambanta da cututtukan fungal ko kuma sakamakon lalacewar waje ga itacen inabi, sabili da haka, an bada shawarar ɗaukar matakan kariya kamar:
- Dasa shuka kawai "tsabta" seedlings
- Na yau da kullun da kuma kula da lalata da ƙugu da tsotsa kwari.
- Digging da zubar da tsire-tsire marasa lafiya gaba ɗaya
Mafi yawan cututtukan hoto na yau da kullun suna da sunaye masu zuwa: marbling na ganye, chlorosis (na cuta), necrosis na veins ganye, vein mosaic, gajere.
Cututtuka marasa jituwa
Cutar da aka fi kamuwa da ita ba ta haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta ba shine chlorosis (baƙin ƙarfe). Yana tasowa sakamakon yanayin muhalli mara illa, akasari yana tasowa ne a cikin sanyi, kuma takin ƙasa da ba daidai ba na iya zama sanadin.
Albasa mai yawa da takin nitrogen zai kuma haifar da chlorosis. Wani dalili na yau da kullun shine rashin ƙarfe a cikin ƙasa.
Kuna iya bincika shi ta hanyar bayyanar cututtuka masu zuwa: 'Ya'yan inabi suka daina fure, harbe suna zama kamar toho da dunƙule, kuma ganyayyaki sun zama dislo, sun zama fata sosai tare da rawaya mai launin shuɗi.
Ana kula da Chlorosis ta hanyar fesawa tare da ƙari da shirye-shiryen baƙin ƙarfe a kowane lokaci, amma ba fakaice ga hasken rana kai tsaye yayin jiyya ba a cire shi. Ana ba da shawarar maganin 10 l. ruwa da kuma kara shi gram 100-200 na sulfate baƙin ƙarfe. Ganyayyaki za a iya yayyafa shi da baƙin ƙarfe, yana ƙarfafa tsarin su.
Ban da baƙin ƙarfe, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙasa tare da bitamin, wanda ya haɗa da manganese, zinc da boron.
Karin innabi
Hatsari ga inabi ba kawai cututtuka bane, har ma da tarin adadin kwari da yawa waɗanda ke raunana shuka kuma ya zama mafi m. Mafi haɗarin gaske: phylloxera, ganye, ganye innabi, gizo-gizo mite da sauransu.
Kimanin kwari 10 na inabõbi, matakan hana rigakafi da matakan kulawa, karanta a kan mazaunin Mr. Summer mazaunin.
