Ajiye masara

Tushen shuka da kula da masara a gonar

Masara yana daya daga cikin shahararrun amfanin gona a lambun, wanda manoma da manoma suka bunkasa. Wannan ba kawai dadi bane ga salads, amma kuma mai kyau Pet abinci. Shuka masara a cikin ƙasa tare da tsaba shi ne hanya mai kyau don samun wannan samfurin na musamman. Noma na masara a filin bude farawa tare da zabin iri iri. Kafin dasa shuki, kana bukatar ka san ko wane ne daga cikin iri iri da yafi girma. A cikin wannan labarin zamu magana game da irin masara, game da dokokin dasawa da kula da shuka a fili.

Masara: Bayani na Tsire-tsire

Masara - wakilin dangin hatsi, ko Myatlikovs. Wannan ita ce wata shekara ta shekara wadda ta zo ƙasarmu daga Mexico.

Shin kuna sani? Masara - sunan jigon jini, wadda itace daya yake wakilta tare da wannan sunan - masara.
Ganye zai iya kaiwa m 3 m tsawo, kuma wasu nau'ikan zasu iya girma har zuwa m 6. Tsarin tsaye yana tasowa daga tsarin tushen da aka gina. Masara ya bambanta da sauran hatsi a tsarin tsarin, wanda ba shi da m. Ganyayyaki suna da manyan, tare da sassaucin launi da kwance a kwance. Ƙananan launi mai haske ya yi girma har zuwa 10 cm. Tsayin ganye ɗaya yana kusa da 1 m. Daga waje, ganye suna kadan ne. A kan raga guda za a iya samuwa daga 12 zuwa 23 ganye. 'Ya'yan bishiyoyi ne kwaya wanda zai iya bambanta a launi da girman dangane da iri-iri.

Fasali na dasa shuki a kasar

Masara a kasar mai taimako ne mai ba da taimako ba kawai don shirya kayan nishadi dabam-dabam, har ma a kula da dabbobi, don haka yawancin mazaunan zafi suna shiga cikin noma. Kafin ka shuka hatsi a gonar ko akan shafin, dole ne ka zaɓi wuri don amfanin gona da kuma shirya ƙasa.

Site selection for dasa

Akwai ra'ayi kan cewa amfanin gonar masara ne kawai a yankuna kudancin kasar. Duk da haka, shuka shuka a gonar za a iya aiwatar da shi a yankuna da yanayin yanayi. Babban abu - mai haske, wuri mai dumi, kariya daga iska.

Yana da muhimmanci! Kafin dasa shuki, dole ka damu da makwabta na shuka. Zai fi kyau a zabi wurin kusa da kabewa, wanda tare da furen ganyayyaki yana kare tushen masara daga overheating, ko tare da legumes - suna fitar da nitrogen, wanda ya zama dole don masara.
Har ila yau sau da yawa a lokacin da zaɓar wani shiri don dasa shuki, 'yan lambu suna tunanin, bayan haka ya fi kyau shuka shuka. Ganye, bugun jini, cucumbers, tumatir da kayan lambu masu tushe zai zama mafi kyawun magabata.

Bukatun shara

Don kada damu da damuwa game da yadda masara ke tsiro kuma tana bada 'ya'ya, dole ne a gaba don damuwa game da abun da ke cikin ƙasa wanda amfanin gona zai yi girma. Mafi kyawun zabin zai zama mai tsanani, ƙasa mai tsabta da ƙasa mai kyau da kuma matsayi na humus.

Yadda za a shuka masara

Don dasa shuki masara, yawancin abubuwa dole ne a la'akari da su, don ba kawai wuri mai kyau da ƙasa suke taka muhimmiyar rawa ba, har ma sunada kwanciya, tsarin shuka don masara, da kuma hanyar da aka dasa da masara. Bayan haka, zamu dubi dukkanin waɗannan samfurori na girma masara.

Yakin kwanakin

Domin masara ya kawo girbi mai kyau, lokacin da yake girma da amfanin gona, dole ne a san ainihin lokacin dasa shi. A wannan yanayin, kana buƙatar yanke shawara a gaba akan yadda za ka shuka shuka: ta hanyar shuka ko ta shuka tsaba nan da nan a cikin ƙasa.

Shin kuna sani? Idan kana zaune a yankuna arewacin, yana da kyau barin watsi da tsaba a bude ƙasa kuma gudanar da dasa shuki.
Shuka tsaba a wuri mai bude zai yiwu ne kawai lokacin da gyangyaɗi suka tafi, kuma yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa shine akalla +12 ° C. Wannan shi ne ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu. Idan kuka yi girma da al'adun iri, ana iya shuka tsaba a cikin kwantena daban a farkon watan Mayu, amma ana shuka bishiyoyi a cikin ƙasa a tsakiyar watan Yuni.

Ana shirya ƙasa don dasa

Domin masara suyi farin ciki da yawan amfanin ƙasa, kafin dasa shuki ya zama wajibi ne don aiwatar da wasu matakan da suka danganci shirye-shirye na kasar gona don namo. Da farko, dole ne a dauki kula don tabbatar da cewa kasar gona tana da tsabta kuma yana da kyau. Ana shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki a cikin rana ko ma a mako ba ya aiki, saboda haka yana da daraja yin wannan a cikin fall. Da farko, wajibi ne a yi ninkin yankin 25-30 cm zurfi. Zaka iya yin wannan tare da mai horarwa. Har ila yau, a cikin ƙasa shi wajibi ne don ƙara kwayoyin halitta, wato - rotted taki, phosphate-potassium da takin mai magani.

Yana da muhimmanci! Idan ƙasa a yankinka ya yi yawa acidic, dole ne ku ƙara lemun tsami a wannan ƙasa: 2-3 kg ta mita 10.
A lokacin bazara, kafin dasa shuki, wajibi ne a fashe a cikin ƙasa don halakar da tsire-tsire da aka rigaya, da kuma samun damar samun damar oxygen.

Shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa

Shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa na bude zai iya farawa lokacin da yawan zafin jiki a waje ba ya wuce 12 ° C. Kafin dasa shuki masara daga tsaba zuwa seedlings ya bayyana sauri, yana da kyau don jiƙa da su. Yawancin lambu basu san yadda za a shuka masara don dasa shuki ba, kuma kawai sukan kwashe tsaba, ajiye su a cikin ruwa ko kuma ba zazzabi su ba. Domin kowane abu ya kasance da kyau kuma tsaba sun tashi, dole ne a dumi su kwana 5 kafin a dasa shuki a zafin jiki na + 35 °, sa'an nan kuma jiƙa a cikin ruwa mai dumi don kwanaki da yawa. Ruwan ruwa ya kamata a canza kullum. Bayan duk shirye-shiryen kafin dasa shuki, za mu ci gaba da aiwatar da shuka tsaba: a cikin ƙasa kana buƙatar yin kananan grooves da shuka hatsi a cikinsu, zurfafa su da zurfin mita 5-7. Ana iya ganin sabbin furanni a cikin kwanaki 2-14.

Shin kuna sani? Don amfanin gonar masara don faranta maka rai ba tare da katsewa ba, za ka iya shuka shi ta hanyar hanyar sufuri: shuka masara da wasu lokuta masu tsabta a tsawon makonni 2.
Dole ne shuka shuka a hanyar da nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire yana da akalla 40 cm, kuma nisa daga cikin hanya yana kimanin mita 1.

Lambu sun fahimci hanyar da za su samu nasara wajen dasa shuki masara, a wannan yanayin, ana shuka tsaba a cikin rijiyoyi na 3. a kowace. An yi amfani da hatsi da ƙasa mai laushi, da sama - tare da ƙasa mai bushe. A fitowar ta harbe yana da muhimmanci don cire tsire-tsire masu rauni kuma ya bar mafi yawan abin da zai iya ingantawa kuma ya ci gaba.

Yadda za a shuka masara a cikin hanyar seedling

A cikin yankuna masu jin dadi, masara sukan fi girma don seedlings kuma sai a dasa su a ƙasa. Har ila yau, tafarkin da ake amfani da shi yana dacewa ga wadanda suke so su samu girbi a baya fiye da lokacin da aka ba su. Shuka masarar maiza a cikin hanya ta fara tare da shirye-shiryen kwalliyar da ta dace da cakuda. Mafi kyawun cassette musamman don girma seedlings, takarda ko kofuna waɗanda filastik. Don seedlings, wajibi ne don shirya ƙasa, zai fi dacewa da haɗuwa da sassan 2 na takin, 1 ɓangare na peat da kashi 1 na yashi, zaka iya ƙara ɓangaren ash. A cikin akwati daya wajibi ne don dasa iri guda zuwa zurfin 2-3 cm kuma yayyafa yashi a saman. Dole ne yayi girma seedlings a dakin da zazzabi da kuma dace da ruwa da tsire-tsire, guje wa ruwa m.

Yana da muhimmanci! Dasa tsire-tsire ya kamata a yi tare tare da dunƙuler ƙasa, dasa shuki a cikin rami 2-3 cm zurfi fiye da girman coma, cike da saman yashi.

Yanayi na girma masara a kasar: yadda za'a kula da shuka

Don samun samfurin masara mai kyau, ba lallai ba ne kawai don dasa tsire-tsire ta dace ba, har ma don kula da masara a lokacin tsawon girma.

Hilling da ciyawa

Hilling hanya ce mai tasiri a kan ci gaba kuma yana taimakawa wajen yaki da weeds. Cibiyar Spud zai iya zama tare da hannu (a dasa shuki) ko ta yin amfani da inji (masana'antu na aikin gona). Idan aka ba da cewa tsirren masara ya yi haske, kuma shuka kanta babba, hilling zai taimaka masara don "tsayayya" gusts na iska, da kuma taimaka wajen sauri da kuma girma girma. Bugu da ƙari, a dasa, wanda aka tara, an yi amfani da danshi mafi kyau, kuma tsarin tafiyar da kanta yana da alaƙa, wanda zai taimaka wajen samun damar yin amfani da iskar oxygen. Idan kayi amfani da shuka, zai kare ku daga barin cire weeds. Kodayake akwai hanyoyi da dama don sarrafa weeds: wannan shine magungunan inji na plantings, wato weeding, ko kuma kula da kayan shuka tare da shirye-shirye na sinadaran.

Shin kuna sani? Idan ka shuka masara don kanka, ya fi kyau kaji shuka ta hannunka kuma kada ka yi amfani da sunadarai a yaki da weeds ko kwari.

Watering da ciyar

A karo na farko bayan dasa shuki da masara dole ne a hadu a lokacin da shuka riga ya samu 6 ci gaba ganye. Don ciyar da ku iya amfani da humus ko takin bisa mullein ko kaza taki. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da takin mai magani, alal misali, ammonium nitrate a cikin ruwa, potash, phosphate, da kuma nitrogen da takin mai magani zai da kyau rinjayar jihar masara. Game da ban ruwa, yana da mahimmanci a lura da matakin zafi a lokacin da aka samu cobs. Na gaba, ruwa ya kamata ya zama tsaka-tsire, kawai idan ka lura da bushewa na ƙasa. Dole ne a yi watering domin shuka ba zai sha wahala ba daga ruwa mai tsada.

Yana da muhimmanci! Wasu lambu suna bada shawarar masara, suna yin jayayya cewa yana kara yawan amfanin ƙasa, saboda wannan dalili, yanke bishiyar namiji daga tsire-tsire daga saman tudu kuma girgiza pollen daga gare su zuwa furen mata.

Girbin noma

Gaskiyar cewa lokacin girbi, masara kanta zata sanar da masu mallakarta. Mataki na farko shine matukar balaga, alamar ta farko ita ce launi na kernels, dole ne su zama launin rawaya a launin, su kasance masu laushi; Alamar ta gaba - wahalar raba ganye, rufe kunne; Alamar ta uku ita ce darkening na tips na panicle. Har ila yau akwai manufar nazarin halittu - launin yellowing, orange launi na hatsi, goga fata. Yana da muhimmanci a girbi a lokaci, saboda haka kana bukatar sanin ainihin abinda kake tattara masara don: don amfani da sabon amfani, yana da muhimmanci a tattara hatsi a cikin ƙwayar daji na ripening, masara don hatsi ko, alal misali, don popcorn, a cikin mataki na balaga. Babu dokoki na musamman don girbi masara, amma akwai wasu shawarwari da suka fi dacewa su bi. Na farko ba duka cobs buƙatar tsagewa ba da zarar, amma fara tattara daga waɗanda ke kusa kusa da saman. Tattara hatsi don karya kasusuwan daga jikin. Ajiye cobs dole ne a cikin wani busassun dakin, nada su a kan wani tayi don kada su zama abinci ga rodents.

Kamar yadda kake gani, samun amfanin gona mai kyau yana da sauƙi, kuma noma wannan amfanin gona baya buƙatar ƙoƙarin gaske. Babban abu shine sha'awar, kuma za ku iya faranta wa kanku da ƙaunataccenku tare da jita-jita masu jita-jita tare da ƙarin samfurin wannan samfurin, ko shirya abinci mai dindindin ga dabbobi.