Ganye shi ne jinsin da ke da nauyin ginin Smorodinovye Gisberi. Tsarin ya samo tushe ne daga Afirka kuma ya yi girma a kudancin Turai, Caucasus, Asia da Amurka.
Shin kuna sani? Ganye a Turai ya zama shahararrun a karni na 16, kuma a cikin 17th ya zama daya daga cikin rare berries a Ingila. Tun daga wannan lokacin, aikin zaɓi ya fara inganta guzberi hybrids. Ya yiwu a samu samfurori iri iri.
Ganye shi ne ƙananan shrub har zuwa 120 cm, tare da haushi mai launin ruwan kasa, wanda aka rufe da spines leaf-borne. Kwayoyin suna zagaye, dan kadan, da ƙwayoyi, marasa amfani, halayyar ƙaya ƙaya.
A guzberi blooms a watan Mayu tare da ja-kore axillary furanni. Guzberi berries spherical da zagaye, har zuwa 12 mm (akwai nau'o'in da 'ya'yan itatuwa har zuwa 40 mm), an rufe su tare da allurar-kamar nau'i mai laushi. A berries a fili tsaya veins na kore, jan da fari inuwa. A 'ya'yan itatuwa ripen a Yuli Agusta.
Guzberi 'ya'yan itace ne lafiya da kuma dadi. Sun ƙunshi kwayoyin acid, tannins, salts da kuma bitamin. Gidan yana da kyau: idan kana da wani shrub a cikin lambun ka, gishiri zai ci gaba da haifar da 'ya'yan itace, jawo hankalin kwari pollinating.
Shin kuna sani? Muna kira gooseberries "'ya'yan inabi na arewa".
Duk abin da kuke bukata don sanin game da dasa shuki gooseberries
Lokacin da shuka gooseberries
Guzberi za a iya dasa a cikin fall da kuma bazara. Yawancin lambu sun fi son shuka gooseberries a cikin kaka, suna bayyana cewa bayan dasa shuki, guzberi bushes suna da lokaci don samar da karfi da tushen da kuma shirya domin hunturu.
Lokacin da dasa shuki a guzberi, la'akari da dukkan halaye da bukatunta. Tushen "'ya'yan inabi na arewa" suna da tsawo, saboda haka kada ku dasa shi a cikin kwari, zai iya zama kamuwa da cututtukan fungal.
Ganye shi ne mafi kyau shuka a kan wani rana a fili ko tudu. Dole ne a kiyaye wannan yankin daga iska mai sanyi daga arewa da gabas. Ya kamata kasar gona ta kasance tsaka tsaki ko ta rashin acidity. Loamy, yashi, sandy da clayey kasa sun dace da shi.
Dasa a cikin fall
Ganye gooseberries a kaka shine batun wasu shirye-shirye. Kuna buƙatar, da farko, don tsabtace yankin daga weeds da tarkace; tun lokacin daji ke cikewa, zai zama da wuya a gare ku daga baya zuwa sako Sa'an nan kuma, ya kamata a gwada yankin da aka riga aka tsabtace shi da kuma cire tushen weeds, don shimfida ƙasa tare da rake, watse lumps.
Mutane da yawa sun shawarci su tono rami tare da zurfin da nisa har zuwa 50 cm na 2-3 makonni kafin dasa, domin duniya ta shirya. Dole ne a cire mahimmanci na ƙasa mai daraja, kuma a ajiye shi, dole ne a yi wannan aikin tare da kashin ƙasa maras amfani. Na gaba, shirya taki don dasa shuki gooseberries: a cikin ƙasa mai kyau, ƙara 10 kilogiram na humus bazu, 50 g na superphosphate da potassium sulfate. Wannan takin gargajiya ya kamata ya isa ga shekaru da yawa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan yankin shi ne ƙasa yumbu, to, a lokacin da shirya kasar gona don gooseberries bukatar ƙara guga na kogin yashi.
Idan ka shuka shuke-shuke da yawa, to, nisa tsakanin su ya zama akalla mita, tsakanin layuka - har zuwa 3 m.
Ɗaya daga cikin shekarun haihuwa mai tsawo 25-30 cm tsawo suna da kyau don dasa. Sashin ƙasa na shuka ya kamata kunshi bangarori masu karfi. Kafin dasa shuki tsire-tsire, asalinsa ya kamata a sanya shi a cikin wani bayani na kowane taki da ke bunkasa girma.
Young bushes na shuka ya kamata a dasa a wani kwana sabõda haka, tushen wuyansa ne a kasa da matakin na ƙasa; dole ne a daidaita madogara. Zuba ƙasa mai launi, kowannen lakabin da ake yiwa shi da wani launi na peat da humus.
Saukowa a cikin bazara
Ganye guzberi a cikin bazara ba bambanta da kaka. Idan kana tunanin dasa shuki gooseberries a spring ko kaka, mafi yawan lambu sun bada shawarar yi wannan a cikin fall. An dasa shi a cikin kaka, da guzberi zai dauki tushe mafi kyau, da harbe zai fi karfi da karfi fiye da bushes dasa a cikin bazara.
Shin kuna sani? Ganyeberi fara farawa ne kawai a shekara ta uku ko hudu, kuma 'ya'yan itace zai iya wuce har shekaru 15.
Abin da ya kamata ya kasance wurin saukowa
Guzberi - injin mai haske. Saboda haka, ya kamata a dasa shi a wurare na rana.
Ba son overmoistening (fara rot Tushen) da kuma tolerates fari sosai. Gooseberries ya kamata a dasa a wurare tare da matakan ruwan kasa, akalla 1.5 m daga farfajiyar. Tsire-tsire yana buƙatar dasa shuki a wuri inda ku da iyalanku za su iya kulawa da shi ba tare da ɓoye ba. Pruning a shuka ya kamata ba zama matsala a gare ku.
Idan kana da kananan sarari a kan shafin, to, Za a iya dasa shuka a tsakanin bishiyoyi, amma a nesa da akalla mita 2. Zaka kuma iya sauka tare da shinge - ba kasa da mita 1.5 ba.
Guzberi ba ya son ƙarancin ƙasa mai yawan gaske. A acidity na kasar gona kada ya wuce 6 Ph, idan matakin ya fi girma, to, lemun tsami ya kamata a kara da ƙasa - 200 g da 1 square mita. m
Shirye-shiryen noma da dasa shuki "'ya'yan inabi na arewa"
Guzberi ba mai bukata a kan ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, ƙasa mai acidic, kuma ba ya son ƙarancin wuri mai sanyi da sanyi. Idan an shuka shuka a ƙasa mai yumɓu, to lallai ya zama wajibi ne don gudanar da saurin sauƙi, kuma a cikin yashi, yashi na yashi - don yin taki.
Bayan tsaftace tsaftace ƙasa don dasa, kana buƙatar tunawa don ƙara taki. Knead ƙasa mai kyau tare da taki, humus, takin a cikin rabo na 4 kg ta 1 sq. Km. m mãkirci. Idan ƙasa ba ta da talauci, to, kana buƙatar ƙara yawan ƙwayar taki. A irin waɗannan lokuta, ƙarin urea (20-30 g), superphosphate (50 g), potassium chloride (15-20 g) ya kamata a kara.
Don amfanin mafi girma, idan ƙasa ba ta da talauci, ana amfani da takin gargajiya a kai tsaye zuwa rami na dasa. Tare da yashi ƙasa, yumbu yana dage farawa a kasa na ramin (har zuwa 7 cm), tare da yumbu - kogin yashi.
Dokokin da kula da gooseberries
Yadda za a magance gooseberries a spring
A cikin guzberi, girma kakar fara a farkon spring. Tsire-tsire suna da tsire-tsire a watan Mayu, kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa sun fara bazara a ƙarshen Yuni har zuwa Agusta.
A cikin bazara, kafin budding, a cikin ƙasa karkashin guzberi bukatar mu yi ma'adinai da takin mai magani - potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen. A lokacin lokacin da buds ke bude, ciyar da shuka tare da taki ko takin (12 kg da daji). A wannan lokaci, wajibi ne mu bi da guzberi tare da shirye-shiryen daga wasu kwari.
A kan aphids, moths, sawfly Yi amfani da sabulu bayani tare da ash - 10 lita na ruwa, 50 g sabulu da 40 g na sifted ash to nace rana. Wannan bayani ana yaduwa akan shuka a cikin bazara, yayin lokacin budurwa.
An yi imani cewa Don 'ya'yan itace, itace mafi kyau lokacin pruning shi ne farkon spring, amma spring pruning na guzberi zai iya zama m domin amfanin gona na gaba. Gidan yana farkawa a baya fiye da wasu: dusar ƙanƙara bai riga ya narke ba, kuma guzberi ya riga ya narke buds. Zai fi kyau a yanke gooseberries a ƙarshen kaka, lokacin da shuka ya shirya don hunturu. Idan kuna buƙatar seedlings, to, kuna buƙatar sassauta ƙasa a karkashin daji, yi amfani da taki, kuyi kananan ragi kuma ku cika su da ruwa. Sa'an nan kuma a cikin wadannan tsaren suna saka 2 sprigs na guzberi, a hankali shafe su a cikin ƙasa m da kuma attaching zuwa ƙasa tare da hooks. A cikin fall za ku sami dimbin yawa seedlings da bukatar a raba zuwa sassa da kuma dasa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Yaro na yara (mai shekaru biyu) yana bukatar kulawa a hankali a farkon spring, yana buƙatar yawan takin gargajiya da matsakaici.
Abin da za a yi a lokacin rani
A lokacin rani, akwai buƙatar ku shuka shuka a lokaci-lokaci, sassaƙa ƙasa kusa da daji (har zuwa 10 cm mai zurfi) kuma ku sha ruwa bayan kowane shinge. "Gyaran Arewa" yana jure wa fari sosai, amma a wannan lokaci yana jan ruwa daga 'ya'yan itatuwa, ganye da harbe, sabili da haka, domin shuka don kada ya rage albarkatunta, wajibi ne a shayar da shi a lokacin fari.
Yana da muhimmanci!Gooseberries ya kamata a shayar da shi a tushe, kamar yadda zai iya samun powdery mildew.
A guzberi, a lokacin da ya fara bada 'ya'yan itace, yana buƙatar takardar haske na takin gargajiya. Mix 1: 1 takin, peat ko taki tare da ƙasa kuma ya haɗa cakuda a karkashin wata daji na "inabi na arewa".
Kula da guzberi a cikin fall
A farkon kaka kana buƙatar kaji guzberi daga tumatir, don cire nau'in kwayoyi masu yawa wanda ya tara a lokacin rani. Lokacin da layin ya fadi, zai zama wajibi ne don cire shi a kusa da guzberi kuma ƙone shi, tun da cututtukan cututtuka daban-daban zasu iya kasancewa a ciki.
Bugu da ƙari, kana buƙatar ƙirƙirar matashin ƙasa kusa da daji, zai kare shuka daga kwari.
A lokacin kaka, wajibi ne a bi da shuka tare da furotin daga tsatsa, powdery mildew, da anthracnose.
Ana bada shawara don gudanar da wani kayan ado na kan shuka a lokacin da ake yin digiri. Ana amfani da takin mai magani da manya da takin mai magani a cikin kayan ado - 30 g na shiri ya kamata a yi amfani da shi a karkashin kowane daji. Kafin farkon sanyi, wajibi ne a sanya humus tare da peat har zuwa 10 cm lokacin farin ciki a karkashin daji.
A ƙarshen kaka, kafin farkon sanyi, kana buƙatar pruning gooseberries Wannan zai taimakawa wajen samar da bishiya mai fructifying kuma zai cire rassan tsohuwar lalacewa. Bayan irin wannan pruning, har zuwa 6 karfi ko'ina spaced harbe ya kasance a kan daji. Wannan shi ne dalilin girbi mai kyau a gaba shekara.
A watan Disamba, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta fara fadi, kuna buƙatar jefa shi a karkashin gishiri don kare kariya ta zuwa. Idan yanayin hunturu ya kasance kadan dusar ƙanƙara, sa'an nan kuma ya kamata a rufe shuka ta hanyar agrospan ko wasu abubuwa masu kama.
Goozberi Kiwo
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don haɓaka guzberi. Kowane lambu ya zaɓi daya dace a gare shi. Mafi yawan mutane da yawa sune:
- Sake haifar da layering
- Samar da yaduwa ta hanyar yadudduka
- Tsarin layuka
- Lignified cuttings
- Ganyayyaki na Green
- Haɗin haɗin haɗin
- Ƙirƙirar rassan
- Rarraban daji.
Babban mulki ga irin wannan guzberi kiwo ne kasancewar rigar ƙasa don tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire.
Girbi da ajiya
Girbi lokacin guzberi ya dogara da iri-iri. Hakan na tarin ya fadi a watan Yuli-Agusta. Mafi yawa daga cikin 'ya'yan itatuwan sun bazara kusan lokaci ɗaya, don haka ana iya tattara girbi a nan da nan.
Akwai matakai biyu na guzberi balaga: fasaha da mabukaci. Tare da fasaha na fasaha, irin waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa ne masu kyau don cin abinci jam, compote. Sun shiga surar, kuma suna fara samun launi daidai da iri-iri. Amma ɓangaren litattafan almara ne har yanzu m.
Matashi masu amfani - Wannan shi ne lokacin da Berry ya cika, launi na 'ya'yan itace ya zama daidai da iri-iri, dandano yana da dadi, tare da m acidity, fatar jiki ta fadi a ƙarƙashin hakora.
A matsakaici, wani daji zai iya tara har zuwa 8 kilogiram na berries.
Yanayin yanayin ajiya don guzberi berries zasu dogara ne akan darajar su na balaga. Idan berries sun yi cikakke, to, kana buƙatar tattara 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin kwantena har zuwa lita 2.5, kuma an adana su har zuwa kwanaki 4. Za'a iya adana bishiyoyi da fasaha na zamani har zuwa kwanaki 10 a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi.
Dole ne a bushe bishiyoyi iri iri biyu don lalacewa. Irin waɗannan berries a yanayin zafin za a iya adana su har zuwa watanni 1.5. Zaka iya ƙara rayuwar rayuwa har zuwa watanni 5 idan ka daskare da guzberi a cikin jaka.
Guzberi - wani shuka wanda namo ba ya sa ku matsaloli, da kuma kula da shi, har ma da yanke zai faranta wa mai kulawa. Amma hakika zai murna da ku tare da m berries, kuma a cikin hunturu - jam da compotes.
