Kwayar cuta

Dasa da kuma kula da black elderberry

Iyalan tsofaffi yana da kusan nau'in arba'in. A cikin latitudes, an yi yawancin dattawan baƙar fata.

Ana dauke da mafi yawan kayan ado, banda elderberry da launi da aka yi amfani dashi don dalilai na magani.

Daidai dasa shuki elderberry

Tun zamanin d ¯ a, ba a hana dattawa ba, an dasa shi a kusa da gidan, an yi imanin cewa dattawa yana da ikon ruhun ruhohi. Da kyau dasa da kuma da-groomed shrubs ƙarshe zai murna ku da lush flowering da girbi mai kyau na berries.

Shin kuna sani? A cikin A zamanin da, mutanen Balkans, masu gudanar da al'ada suna kiran ruwa, suna amfani da rassan elderberry. Tare da wasu tsire-tsire, suna saye da tsattsauran hanyoyi, a ƙarshen tsararraki an cire rassan da ambaliya.

Zaɓin wurin da za a dasa shuki iri iri

Wani dattijai ba sa tsire-tsire ba, amma yana son mai haske. Gano wuri mai kyau a gare shi a arewa ko gabas na mãkirci. Tsarin yana jurewa inuwa mai haske, amma ci gaba a cikin inuwa yana hana cikakken ci gaba.

Yana da muhimmanci! Elderberry iri da mai launin launi foliage ana shuka ne kawai a cikin yankunan da rana, in ba haka ba shuka ya ɓace kuma ya rasa dukan ado na ado.

The elderberry daidai da dangantaka da makwabta, kuma, girma a kusa da 'ya'yan itace ko or flowering flower bushes da itatuwa zai taimakawa wajen cross-pollination. Wannan tsire-tsire yana kayar da kwari, don haka an dasa shi a kusa da titin titin ko titin toshe.

Lokacin da yadda za a shuka

Don girma baki elderberry ne mafi dace dace loamy ƙasa. Idan kasar gona a yankinka tana da ruwa, sarrafa shi da lemun tsami. An dasa dasa bishiyar Elderberry a cikin bazara da kaka, a yanayin dumi. An yi rami a rami rabin mita mai zurfi kuma an hadu da takin mai magani da phosphorus-potassium. Kafin dasa shuki ƙasa a kasan rami dole ne a sassauta. A seedling an sanya a cikin rami, ba tare da deepening da tushen wuyansa. Sa'an nan kuma yayyafa da ƙasa mai tsabta, kuma a saman takin da kuma tamped. Ya kamata a shayar da shuka tare da lita 10 na ruwa, bayan ƙasa ta zauna tare da ruwa, ƙulla da seedling zuwa ga peg. Har sai tsire-tsire ta da tushe kuma yana da tushe, ya kamata a shayar da shi akai-akai. A shekara ta uku na rayuwa daji zai ba launi.

Wasu siffofin kulawa da baƙar fata elderberry

Kula da elderberry ba shi da wahala, idan dai yana da isasshen haske, danshi da dacewa. Wannan shuka zai yi ado da kowane lambun tare da launi, kuma mai launin ink-mai launin ruwan itace a kan rassan ruwan hoda mai launi zai gamsar da maɗaukaka mafi sophisticated.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Kakanninmu, Slavs, sun sanya 'yan majalisar dattijai daga rassan kuma sun yi wa gidajensu da ƙofofi, fences da wasu gine-gine na tsakar gida ado. Yau da yamma na Ivan Kupala, tsofaffin rassan sun kare mutane da gidajensu daga maƙaryaci da wasu sauran duhu.

Watering ƙasa

Elderberry yayi haƙuri da fari sosai, amma ya fi dacewa da shi don zama ƙasa mai laushi ba tare da ruwa mara kyau ba. Matasan shuke-shuke suna buƙatar buƙatun ruwa, da kuma manya mai yawa. Idan lokacin rani ba ya shiga cikin hazo, to, ƙarin buƙata ya zama dole. Musamman a hankali kana buƙatar saka idanu a ƙasa a lokacin yaduwar 'ya'yan itace. A cikin yanayin zafi da zafi, ruwa a karkashin wani daji 15 lita na ruwa sau daya a mako. Dokar asali a watering: ƙasa a karkashin shrub kada ta bushe. Bayan watering, kasar gona dole ne a sassauta, tsabtace ta weeds, don haka tushen tsarin tushen dattijai yana saukowa sauƙi kuma ba a hana kayan abinci ba.

Hankali! Don adana ruwan danshi a cikin ƙasa a cikin zafi mai zafi, cike da gefen kusa da tsirrai na shuka tare da peat ko kwakwalwan itace.

Lokacin kuma yadda za'a ciyar da ƙasa

A kan ƙasa mai gina jiki, elderberry tasowa ba tare da takin ba. Amma a farkon spring bayan hunturu avitaminosis kuma a lokacin rani na flowering, nitrogen fertilizing ba zai zama superfluous. Ana amfani da takin mai magani mai mahimmanci a kusa da gangar jikin kuma an binne su a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar damuwa, kuma ana amfani da takaddun ruwa a lokacin watering.

Daga takin gargajiya, taki ko takin, dung na kaza, da tincture na taki da kwanciya su ne mafi mahimmanci. Ana buƙatar magungunan ma'adinai idan tsire-tsire ya rabu da hankali ko ya raunana. A wannan yanayin, yin hadadden ma'adanai na ma'adinai tare da ban ruwa. Haka ma yana yiwuwa a ƙarfafa wani raunana shuka tare da urea. Yin tafiyar da hanyoyi masu sauƙi, a lokacin rani za ku ji dadin ɗakuna na furanni na fari, kuma a cikin faɗuwarku za ku tara hatsi mai kyau na 'ya'yan itatuwa masu lafiya.

Daidaita pruning

A farkon spring, sanitary pruning na lalace ko daskararre rassan ne da za'ayi. Da zarar kowace shekara biyar a cardinal pruning ne da za'ayi don rejuvenate old bushes. Yanke takaice, barin kwata na akwati. Sabili da haka, sabon rassan girma da haushi na gangar jikin ya sake.

An yi ƙananan ƙaddamar don ƙera kambi. Na dogon lokaci don tunani game da yadda za a yanka dan blackberry elder ba shi da daraja. Ko da idan ka ba da gangan baza fiye da yadda ka shirya, shrub zai dawo da sauri. Ga wasu watanni, dattijon zai fara sabbin furanni. Pruning ne musamman da ake bukata iri elderberry, wanda kai 'ya'yan itace. Lokacin da yake da shekaru shida ba su da tsayi.

Tsarin hanyoyi

Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta haifar da elderberry black shine vegetative, tare da nau'in iri, jinsuna da kuma wadata iri-iri suna da wuya a kiyaye su.

Tsaba

Gina ta tsaba yana da sauki. Shirya ƙasa a gaba, cire weeds, tono da taki, sassauta tare da rake. A watan Oktoba, tattara tsaba kuma shuka a cikin gadaje zuwa zurfin santimita uku a nesa da 25 cm daga juna. Tsunyar daji. A ƙarshen kaka, amfanin gona zai yi girma zuwa 50 cm.

Don tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire dole ne suyi amfani da tsari. Saka tsaba don kwana biyar, sauyawa canza ruwa. Bayan haka, gano su a cikin akwati mai iska da yashi mai yadu kuma adana cikin firiji na kimanin watanni biyu. Wannan inganta iri germination. Bayan karewa, cire daga firiji kuma adana a wuri mai bushe. An dasa shuki da wuri a daidai lokacin da yake a fall.

Cuttings

Ana dasa shuki a cikin bazara da kuma kaka. Kafin dasa shuki da cututtuka, dole ne a yi amfani da ƙasa mai acid acid a gaban lokaci (zai fi dacewa a shekara). Cuttings yanke cikin 20 cm, tare da biyu ko uku internodes.

An dasa itatuwan kore a cikin yanayi na greenhouse, yayyafa ƙasa tare da cakuda yashi da peat. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suke da karfi, an dasa su a cikin ƙasa. Ana sanya rami 50x50, humus, potassium sulfate da superphosphate biyu suna kara zuwa kasa. Sakamakon sapling bai zama dole ba. Nisa tsakanin su ya zama mita biyu. Bayan saukarwa yana da muhimmanci ga ruwa.

An dasa bishiyoyi da aka dasa a nan da nan zuwa wuri na dindindin, a cikin hanya guda. Bayan an dasa bishiyar blackberry seedling, yana buƙatar kulawa mai kyau - watering watering da sassauta a kusa da gangar jikin. Idan ba a dasa cututtuka ba a cikin fall, ana adana su cikin sanyi kuma a dasa su a cikin bazara.

Combat da yiwuwa baki elderberry karin kwari

Cututtuka na tsofaffi baƙar fata ba haka ba ne. Wannan mummunan shuka ba shi da lafiya, wasu lokuta ake kaiwa ta hanyar kwari. Don karewa daga aphids, shrubs suna fesa tare da kwari a farkon spring. Maganin Voloton (20 g da 10 l na ruwa) yana taimakawa daga wannan aphid da ticks. Daga hanyoyi mutane, an yi jigon kwasfa na albasa ko barkono mai zafi mai tsanani. Bayan lokutan flowering, an yi jigilar wannan jigon a kan powdery mildew.

Sau biyu a shekara - kafin fashewar budu da kuma bayan 'ya'yan itace - don rigakafin, ana shuka bishiyoyi da 2% Nitrafen bayani. Zai zama mai kyau don yin wannan don halakar da kwari da fungi a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi ƙasa ko cikin haushi. Ana amfani da ma'adinan sulhu na sulfate don prophylaxis. Kusan kashi bakwai cikin dari na bayani mai nau'in urea ba kawai furotin ne kawai da kwari don karewa ba, amma har da nitrogenous taki da ke taimakawa cigaba da ci gaban shuka.