Sau da yawa wireworm zama la'ana ga lambu, musamman sabon shiga. Bayan haka, wannan mummunar yawancin yakan kai hare-hare a kan lambun kayan lambu, wanda ake gudanarwa akai-akai don dogon lokaci. Cutar cutar ta zama mai girma, musamman ma dankalin turawa ya sha wahala. Wani lokaci gwagwarmaya tare da shi ya shimfiɗa tsawon shekaru. A kan tabbatar da matakan da za a magance waya, karanta wannan labarin. Bayanin da aka tattara a nan zai sauke da mai cin abincin mai shuka.
Yi saduwa da waya
Domin sanin abokin gaba a cikin mutum, dole ne ka kasance da ra'ayin abin da waya ke kama. Wadannan su ne tsofaffin yara na danna guraben (lat. Elateridae), wanda ya sami sunansu saboda tsananin karfi da tsabta, kamar waya, - ba zai yiwu a yashe su ba tare da yatsunsu. An yi launin launin launuka a launin rawaya, launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa mai launin launin fata kuma ya kai girman nauyin 10-45 mm. Hanyoyin ci gaba na beetles shekaru biyar ne. Click beetles zo a ƙasa na kasar gona a watan Afrilu. Oviposition yana faruwa a ƙasa, zuwa zurfin 1-3 cm Daya mace na iya sa ƙwai 120-150. Bayan makonni biyu ko uku, ƙananan larvae sun bayyana, fentin farin da sauƙi m. A wannan lokaci za su iya hallaka su ta hanyar kwari. Ba su iya cin zarafin shuke-shuke.
Yayin da suke girma, game da shekara ta biyu na rayuwa, ƙuƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ta samo launi mai launin launin fata ko launin launin fata, jiki ya zama mai karfi. A wannan yanayin, kaji da tsuntsaye masu cin nama suna cinye su. Kuma shi ne a wannan zamanin da suke sa mafi girma lalacewar shuke-shuke. Wireworms suna zaune a cikin shimfidar jiki na ƙasa - a zurfin har zuwa mita 5. A karkashin yanayin yanayi mummunan, sun zurfafa ta 50-60 cm. A cikin tsakiyar lokacin rani na shekara ta huɗu na rayuwa. Adult beetles sun bayyana a cikin kwanaki 15-20. Tsoma bakin ciki a ƙasa.
Shin kuna sani? Wireworms ne kusan omnivorous. Don neman abincin, za su iya motsawa a kowace hanya a nesa.
Abin da amfanin gona ke lalata lalata waya?
Abincin da aka fi so da larvae na danna gurasar shine dankalin turawa. Har ila yau, shuke-shuke da ya fi so shi ne beets, karas, sha'ir, alkama, masara. Damage albasa da sunflowers. Daga ciyawa, ƙwayoyin waya suna ƙaunar ciyawa mai ƙwaya A larvae abinci a kan tsaba, sprouts, Tushen, da boye ɓangare na tushe, tushen da tubers. Tsire-tsire masu lalacewa ta hanyar waya sun rage jinkirin girma da rage yawan amfanin ƙasa. Dankali tubers shafi wannan kwaro ba dace da dasa, domin suna rot da sauri. Bugu da ƙari, aikin noma, ƙwayoyin ruwa suna cutar da gonar lambu da gandun daji.
Shin kuna sani? Wutan lantarki yana yaduwa a kan rigar da ƙasa mai laushi, a kan lambun kayan lambu wanda aka ƙaddamar da shi.
A yanzu zaku iya gane waya kuma kuyi tunanin cewa wannan mummunan kwari ne wanda zai iya haifar da mummunan cutar - har zuwa lalata yawancin amfanin gona. Bayan haka, muna duban hanyoyin da za su iya taimakawa wajen kawar da gonar click-beetle larvae.
Tsarin kariya da aikin aikin gona a shafin
Akwai hanyoyi uku don samun waya a kan shafin:
- agrotechnical;
- nazarin halittu;
- sunadarai
Zai yiwu a cimma nasara mafi girma a cikin yakin da za a iya amfani da ita don amfani da hanyoyi da yawa a lokaci guda. Don kauce wa bayyanar kwafin ƙwayar cuta a cikin lambun ka, dole ne ka bi ka'idojin aikin gona. Tun da beetles da larvae hunturu a cikin ƙasa, ƙasa a cikin lambu na nuna zurfin digging, da kuma juji plowing. Sanya su a watan Oktoba, zuwa ƙarshen watan. Wadannan hanyoyi suna cire wireworms zuwa surface na kasar gona, inda farkon fari zasu hallaka su.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kwanciya tillage zai bada izinin shekaru biyu zuwa uku don rage yawan kwari ta 50-90%.
Yana da muhimmanci a halakar da shuka remnants na horar da tsire-tsire da kuma wheatgrass creeping - da hannu cire fitar da rootstock. A cikin wani hali ba zai iya barin zuwa hunturu a ƙasar dankalin turawa tubers. Bayan haka, ta wannan hanya, za ku samar da abinci ga kwaro don lokacin hunturu. Kuma kuna buƙatar, a akasin haka, don hana shi wannan yardar. Kada ka manta da daya daga cikin manyan ka'idoji na fasahar aikin noma - dacewar lalacewar weeds. Bayan wheatgrass, tabbatar da rabu da mu burdocks. Kuma su kamata a hallaka tare da tushen, tun da yake akwai cewa larvae zauna. A cikin watan Mayu da Yuni, ana amfani dashi a fili. Yin jingina ga magungunan abokan gaba na gwangwani mai mahimmanci kuma ma'auni ne. Wadannan sun hada da tsuntsaye masu kwari: tururuwan kurciya, rook, thrush, crow, starling, wagtail. Har ila yau, ƙwayoyi da larvae suna cin abinci ne da kwari, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙasa, gizo-gizo, tururuwa.
Rage ƙasa da acidity (chalking)
Wireworm yana so ya zauna a cikin ƙasa mai guba, saboda haka daya daga cikin hanyoyi don hana shi shine rage yawan acidity na kasar gona ta hanyar kara mai lemun tsami, turbaya, ƙone, itace. Lemun yana warwatse kai tsaye a kan gadaje, ko aka gabatar a cikin rijiyoyi. Har ila yau a cikin rijiyoyin ƙara albasa albasa, ash.
Shuka hatsi, legumes, mustard
Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da waya don amfani da kaya shine jawo hankalin su ta hanyar shuka shuki na sha'ir, alkama, hatsi, da masara a kan shafin a cikin makonni daya ko biyu kafin dasa shuki dankali ko wasu kayan lambu. Daga bisani, da harbe ke motsa, an rushe larvae. Har ila yau wajibi ne don shuka mustard a yankin da aka tsara don shuka dankali a nan gaba - tsuntsaye ba su son shi. Na farko, ana shuka shi a cikin fall, bayan girbi. Bayan watanni 1-1.5, mustard ya kai tsawo na 10 cm. An yanka kuma an dage shi a ƙasa don hunturu. Spring mustard shuka sake. Sa'an nan kuma ana yanka shi a cikin ƙasa. Lokacin da bazuwar ba, injin zai saki kayan mai da gaske a cikin ƙasa, wanda zai tsoratar da waya. Har ila yau, larvae ba su jure wa kwayoyin legumes a kan ruhu: Peas, wake, wake ba. Sabili da haka, don tsoro daga m, dole ne a dasa su kusa da dankali. Wani lokaci ana shuka amfanin gona a cikin dankalin turawa.
Girbin noma
Cikakken waya daga cikakkiyar lambun yana ba da damar juyawa mai kyau. Gaskiyar ita ce, lokacin da kasa ta ɓace, yawancin cututtuka da kwari sun zauna a cikinsu. Saboda haka, ba a bada shawara a shuka al'adun nan ko danginta a kowace shekara ba. Dole ne a bar duniya ta huta har shekara uku. Bugu da ƙari, idan, alal misali, a kakar gaba, an shuka amfanin gona a wurin dankalin turawa, wanda ƙananan kifi ba su ci ba, to, mutane da yawa zasu mutu saboda yunwa har sai sun sami abinci a wasu wurare. Kafin a bada shawarar shuka dankalin turawa don shuka amfanin gona: alayyafo, wake, rapeseed, mustard, buckwheat. Suna buƙatar canzawa na tsawon shekaru biyu zuwa uku - a wannan lokacin mai yunkurin waya zai bar.
Irin ƙwaro
Beetles da larvae za a iya lured tare da baits. Alal misali, an shirya su kamar haka. A ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu, lokacin da tarzoma ke ci gaba da cin abinci a kan weeds, suna yin ƙananan cututtuka inda suke sanya ciyawa, bambaro, ko hay. Rubutun saman da allon. Don neman abinci mai yawa zai shiga cikin wadannan tarko. Bayan kwana ɗaya ko biyu, lokacin da ake ciwo da kwari da ciyawa da bambaro, an ƙone ta kuma kone ta. Don cimma sakamakon da aka gudanar sau da yawa.
Irin wannan ƙugiya za a iya yi daga yankakken dankali, karamin karama, beets. An binne su a ƙasa a zurfin 7-15 cm a nesa da 1 m daga juna zuwa mako biyu kafin dasa shuki albarkatun gona. Daga baya, ana ma su kuma suna hallaka tare da larvae. An sanya alamar shafukan yanar gizo. Za'a iya dankali a cikin layi. Aiwatar da bankuna cike da matasa dankalin turawa.
An sanya su a cikin adadin guda 10 a kowace ɗari. Kowane kwanaki biyu zuwa uku, an sabunta abinda ke cikin gwangwani. Har ila yau ,, letas ganye ana shuka su ne a matsayin tarko tsakanin dankalin turawa, bushes. Na farko, ƙwayoyin waya za su rushe tushen wannan tsire-tsire, wanda zai ba da izinin dankali ya kasance marar kyau har dan lokaci. Yana taimakawa wajen rabu da kwaro da kuma zubar da ciki. An warwatsa cikin gonar a lokacin bazara. Bait - hanyar amfani da lokaci, amma lafiya ga yanayin da zai ba ka damar rage yawan kwari a gonar.
Nazarin magani
Kafin yanke shawara don bi da gonar tare da sunadarai daga filayen waya, dole ne a gwada hanyoyi masu yawa don fitar da kwaro a matsayin yiwu. Hanyar mai sauƙi na rage yawan adadin ƙwayoyin cuta shine ƙin ƙasa tare da takin mai magani mai ammonium, ko gabatar da ruwan ammonia. Matsalar ta ta'allaka ne akan gaskiyar ruwan ammoniya dole ne a saka shi a cikin ƙasa don kauce wa yaduwar amonia. Don hanyoyi masu kyau sun haɗa da haɓaka ƙasa kafin dasa shuki ruwan ingancin potassium na permanganate (5 g / 10 l na ruwa). Amfani - 10 l / 10-15 ramukan. Har ila yau, kafin dasa shuki, ana shayar da ƙasa tare da wani bayani mai ruwa mai guba daga 5 g na potassium permanganate da lita 10 na ruwa.
Kafin dasa ko lokacin dasa shuki dankali, zaka iya yin abun da ke ciki, an shirya kamar haka. 5 kg na granphosphate granules watsa a kan fim. Pesticide ("Aktellik" (15 ml), "Karate" (1 ml), "Decis karin" (4 ml)) a cikin ruwa-acetone bayani (80 ml na ruwa, 200 ml na acetone). Yi haɗin gurasar rubutun a kan polyethylene, bushe kuma yada a shafin. Amfani da cakuda an tsara domin 100 sq. Bayan wannan hanya, dole ne a manta da ƙasa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Yin amfani da magungunan kwari daga wireworm wani matsayi ne mai mahimmanci, ana amfani da shi kawai idan wasu hanyoyin ba su taimaka ba.
A lokacin da ake mamayewa na waya, za'a iya amfani da wasu sunadaran. Mafi yawan abin da ba a so a cikin dukkan hanyoyin shine gabatarwar miyagun ƙwayoyi "Basudin". Amfani - 40 g / 1 sq. M. m. Abubuwan da ke aiki, wanda shine wani ɓangare na wannan kayan aiki - launi, mai guba ga mutane da kuma yanayin. Har ila yau, an ƙara yawan kashi 5% a cikin rijiyoyin a lokacin dasa (30 g / 10 sq. M). Wasu daga cikin kwari da aka yi amfani da su a cikin rarraba waya sun hada da "Prestige" (yana kashe har zuwa 50-70%). Duk da haka, ana amfani da shi kawai a tsakiyar marigayi da marigayi iri, in ba haka ba akwai babban haɗari ga lafiyar mutum. Baya ga wireworm taimaka wajen jimre wa Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro. Maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi "Provotoks" yana nufin ne kawai don kawar da waya. Tare da taimako, sun aiwatar da dankali tubers kafin dasa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Lokacin amfani da kwari, wajibi ne a bi umarnin akan marufi, da kuma kiyaye matakan tsaro.
Recipes na gida infusions
Domin shekaru masu yawa na kulawa da kwayoyi ta hanyar lambu, hanyoyi daban-daban sunyi kokari. Ɗaya daga cikinsu yana watering tare da na ganye infusions na nettle, celandine, coltsfoot.
Nettle
An yi jita-jita na kayan abinci kamar haka: labanin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire su nace a cikin yini a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. An sake maimaita hanya sau biyu ko sau uku a cikin lokaci na mako guda. An yi amfani da bayani da aka shirya a nan da nan bayan shiri, ba batun batun ajiya ba.
Daga celandine
Yana taimakawa wajen kare dankali daga katako ta hanyar tsintsa jikinta na ɗan gajeren lokaci kafin dasa shuki a cikin jiko na celandine, ko kuma kara da jiko a rami. Jiko na celandine an shirya kamar haka: 100 g na crushed shuke-shuke diluted da lita 10 na ruwa da kuma nace na kwana uku. Kamar yadda a cikin akwati na baya, ana amfani da maganin ƙasa tare da tsire-tsire mai amfani sau biyu ko sau uku tare da wani lokaci na kwana bakwai.
Of coltsfoot
Don shirye-shiryen kayan lambu jiko kai 200 g na crushed uwar da uwar rana, zuba shi da lita 10 na ruwa da kuma nace 24 hours. An kuma shirya jita-jita irin wannan daga 200 g na Dandelion. Yana da muhimmanci a fahimci cewa yin amfani da magunguna daga magunguna ba zai ba da kashi dari bisa dari ba. Dole ne a gabatar da su a cikin hadaddun matakan da za'a fitar da su daga gonar.
Mun yi la'akari da hanyoyi da yawa don magance waya. Duk da haka, babban abu ba har yanzu yunkurin kawar da mamaye ba, amma matakai don hana shi. Idan kun bi ka'idodin aikin injiniya da gyaran amfanin gona, rage ƙananan ƙarancin ƙasa, cire ciyawar alkama, waya ba za ta sami wurin a gonarku ba, kuma za ku iya tsara duk kokarinku na noma da girbi na albarkatu masu kyau.
