Peppers ko Paprika, wanda shi ne memba na iyalin Solanaceae, wanda aka sani da mu kamar barkono mai dadi.
Duk da sunan, wannan kayan lambu ba shi da kome da yayi tare da barkono mai zafi.
Kayan lambu Pepper wata al'adar thermophilic ne mai kyau, wanda aka la'akari da wurin haifuwar Amurka.
Wannan kayan lambu yana son danshi da zafi, amma wadannan matsalolin ba su hana masu gonar gida su dasa shuki da yawa iri-iri iri daban-daban na barkono a greenhouses da greenhouses.
Yana da saboda kyawawan dabi'unsa, namo na barkono barkatai na iya zama abin tuntuɓe, musamman ga masu ganyayyaki novice.
Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa Dole ne ka lissafta kanka, tun da komai ya dogara da nau'in.
Idan barkono da ka zaba sune farkon, to, ya kamata seedlings su zauna a cikin tukwane na kwanaki 65. A cikin lokutan tsakiyar wuri ko iri-iri iri, lokaci na "seedling" yana kara zuwa 65 - 70 days.
Idan barkono suna da marigayi, to, kafin dasa shuki da tsire-tsire ya kai 75 kwanakin.
Tabbataccen tabbacin cewa lokaci ne zuwa dashi dashi itace samfurin furanni har ma ovaries. Akwai damar cewa za ku yi sama da tsaba a latti. A wannan yanayin, seedlings zasu jira tsawon lokaci.
Lokacin da tsaba ke ci gaba, to makonni 3 - 4 zai buƙaci ci gaba da tsire-tsire a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ake buƙatar amfani da su 10-12 hours a rana.
Don tsaba da sauri kuma an ƙaddara su sosai, kana buƙatar samar su yanayi mai dadi a kusa. Don haka kuna buƙatar ikon sarrafawa, wato, a + 28-32 ° C, fararen farko zai bayyana a cikin kwanaki 4-7 bayan shuka.
Idan ba zai yiwu a bi irin wannan zazzabi mai zafi, to, 24-26 ° C zai isa ya samu harbe bayan kwanaki 14-15.
Amma yawan hasken rana, yana da kyau don yin ƙarin haske na kowane seedlings. Sai kawai a cikin yanayin shuka na shuka, tsawon lokacin haske shine makonni 3-4, kuma a kan shuka iri a lokaci, makonni 2-3.
Kyakkyawan, ingancin ingancin tsaba shine tabbacin ƙarfin da kiwon lafiyar bisan gaba. Saboda haka, za a dauki zabi na wannan abu sosai.
Domin cire duk nau'in tsaba, kana buƙatar Yi bayani mai salinta ƙara a cikin lita 1 na ruwa 30-40 g na gishiri. A cikin wannan bayani zai bukaci saka dukkanin tsaba, haɗuwa kuma bar shi don minti 7-10.
Bayan wannan lokaci, zai zama dole a cire wadanda za su fito, da wadanda suka kasance a kasa, da za a shuka su. Don wankewar kayan dasa kayan da aiki na naman gwari, don tsallaka minti 10 na gauze da nau'in ya kamata a tsoma shi cikin wani bayani na 1% na potassium permanganate.
Bayan wankewa, dole ne a wanke tsaba da ke cikin jaka da ruwa. Lokacin da aka kammala aiki, dole ne a fadada dukkanin tsaba a tsakanin nau'i biyu na zane, wanda ya kamata a fara rigar.
Bugu da ari, duk wannan yana buƙata a saka shi a wurin da ake kiyaye yawan zazzabi a + 25 ° C. Kimanin mako guda daga baya - tsaba biyu za su cigaba, sannan kuma za a iya dasa su a cikin ƙasa.
Akwai jerin sunayen iri mafi kyau wanda ba zai damu da amfanin gona ba.
Bambanci "Bogatyr"
Yawancin yanayi iri-iri, 'ya'yan itatuwa za su kasance a shirye a cikin kwanaki 125-160 bayan fitowan seedlings.
An tsara don namo a cikin yanayin greenhouse.
Bushes suna da karfi sosai, samun tsawo na 55-60 cm, sprawling.
'Ya'yan itatuwa suna da yawaAna auna nauyin 150-160 g a matsakaici, an kafa su a cikin nau'in mazugi, tare da murfin da ke da bango da matsakaicin kauri (5-5.5 mm).
Ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa suna kore, cikakke - ja. Wannan iri-iri yana da tsayayya ga verticillium, rottex rot da mosaic.
Kwayar ɓangaren litattafan almara yana dauke da adadin ascorbic acid, don haka 'ya'yan itatuwa na wannan barkono na musamman suna da tasiri na musamman ga' yan adam.
A 'ya'yan itatuwa sunyi tsayayya da sauƙi, kuma suna da kyau a cikin lambun. Ya dace da abinci duk da sabo ne kuma a cikin tsari.
Big Dad
Farawa na farko.
Tsire-tsire suna da tsada, ba ninka ba.
'Ya'yan itatuwa suna da nama sosai, tare da nama mai laushi, a cikin siffar cylindrical, yin la'akari 90-100 g, kyakkyawan launi mai launi.
Lokacin da balagar ilmin halitta ya zo, barkono suna launin launin ruwan kasa-ja.
Tsire-tsire na wannan iri-iri ne barga, duk da cewa za a iya girma a cikin ƙasa mai bude kuma a cikin greenhouse.
Bambancin "Bugay"
A farkon nau'i-nau'i, an dauke shi mafi yawan gaske daga cikin jerin nau'o'in manyan barkono.
Tsire-tsire suna girma zuwa 60 cm a tsawo.
'Ya'yan itatuwa suna da yawa, suna yin la'akari har zuwa kilogiram na 0.5, tare da ganuwar ganuwar 1 cm, siffar siffar, launi mai launin rawaya.
Gwanan waɗannan barkono ne tsaka tsaki, amma wannan kayan lambu ya zama cikakke don shirya tarurruka.
Iri-iri "California mu'ujiza"
Matsakaici na farko da barkono, 'ya'yan itãcen abin da za ka iya gwada bayan kwanaki 73-75 bayan transplanting seedlings a cikin ƙasa.
Shrubs ne quite high, har zuwa 70-80 cm.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne mai ja, suna yin la'akari da 250 g, mai laushi mai launin fata - raƙuman nama yana zuwa har zuwa 7 - 8 mm a cikin kauri.
Get saba da kowane ƙasa.
Har ila yau, sha'awar karanta game da nau'o'in barkono ga Siberia
Iri-iri "Atlant"
A matsakaici na barkono wanda zai fara daukar 'ya'yan itace 70 zuwa 75 bayan da ya zubar da kwayoyin.
'Ya'yan wannan irin barkono suna da yawa, ja a cikin launi, 18-20 cm tsawo, 13-14 cm a diamita, tare da m fata jiki 8-10 mm lokacin farin ciki, da dandano abin da yake kawai ban mamaki.
Gurasar wannan barkono kuma manyan, kimanin 70 - 75 cm na tsawo, wanda zai dauki tushe a bude da a cikin ƙasa mai suna greenhouse.
Yayinda ka bar tsaba su kara, to, lokaci ya yi don shirya ƙasa. Tabbas, ana iya saya shi, musamman a yanzu, lokacin da ɗakunan ajiyar noma suke cike da nau'i-nau'i daban-daban tare da nau'o'in kasa.
Amma idan ba ku amince da irin waɗannan masu sana'a ba, to, za ku iya yin saɓin ƙasa don barkono. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine kada a zubar da ƙasa, don yin shi don haka yana da sauki.
Mafi classic classic shi ne cakuda peat, humus da sod sodiya, inda rabo daga abubuwa ne 3: 2: 1. Maimakon ƙasar sod, za ka iya ɗaukar ƙasar daji. Lokacin da kuka haxa waɗannan sinadaran, a cikin guga tare da wannan cakuda dole ku ƙara karin kilogiram na kilogi, 3 - 4 tablespoons na itace ash, 1 tsp na urea, 1 tbsp. cokali superphosphate kuma Mix duk abin da sosai.
Don kwantar da irin wannan ƙasa, dole ne a zuba shi da wani bayani mai zafi na potassium permanganate tare da kimanin kimanin kashi 1%.
A matsayin kwantena don seedlings, zaka iya amfani da tukunya, da filaye filastik, da kuma kofuna na yau da kullum. Kafin shuka, dole ne a yi tattali ko sayi ƙasa a cikin akwati da kuma kara ƙasa.
Bayan karamin, matakin kasa ya zama kamar 2 cm a ƙasa a gefen akwati.Ya kamata a yada sassan da suka ragargaje ko ƙusa su tare da tsummoki tare da masu tweezers a cikin minti 1.5 - 2 cm.
Idan kana aiki tare da cassettes, to, a kowane tantanin halitta kana buƙatar tono a cikin iri guda. Kashi na gaba, tsaba suna buƙatar fadawa barci tare da lakaran ƙasa har zuwa 1.5 cm kuma karami kadan.
Kafin tsaba sunyi girma, yana da kyau a saka kwantena tare da su a cikin wani gilashi ko a cikin jakar filastik. Saboda haka ruwan ba zai ƙafe da sauri ba. Watering tsaba ya kamata a yi hankali, kamar yadda za'a iya wanke su a farfajiya.
Mafi kyau za a yi watering a mako-mako tare da ruwa a zafin jiki na dakin, wanda ya faru. Yana da muhimmanci cewa ruwa ba zai damu ba a cikin kwanon tukwane ko tukuna, saboda haka kana buƙatar saka idanu akan wannan.
Kafin zuwan farawa, yawan zafin jiki na iska dole ne a kalla + 25 ° C. Lokacin da tsaba sun germinated, zafin jiki zai buƙatar saukar da zuwa + 15-17 ° C. Yawancin tsaba tare da tsaba dole ne a juya shi a kan windowsill, don haka hasken ya yi daidai a kan dukkanin seedlings.
Tsarin kulawa da zanawa
- Daukarwa
- Top dressing
- Watering
- Hardening
Lokacin da tsire-tsire sun riga sun kafa kuma suna girma a kan ganye biyu na gaskiya, to, lokaci ne na ɗaukar, wato, shuke-shuken shuka.
A game da barkono, ana amfani dashi ne kawai ba don kara girman sararin samaniya ba, amma har ma a hana tsangwama na tushen rot.
Pepper seedlings suna da kyau, saboda haka kana buƙatar rage girman lalacewar tsarin. Zai fi kyau a sake ginawa a kananan tukwane, kamar yadda tushen barkono ya yi girma a hankali.
A cikin kananan kwantena, asalinsu za su shafe dakin da sauri, don haka ba duniya ko ruwan ba za su damu. Noma ya kamata a dauka a cikin ganyayyaki, don kada ya lalata kara.
A cikin kowane ƙarfin da ya fi ƙarfin, yana da muhimmanci don yin rami, kuma irin wannan girman don tushen tushen seedlings ba su tanƙwara.
Ƙaƙashin wuyansa za a iya nutse ba fiye da rabin centimita ba a ƙasa, saboda haka kana buƙatar yayyafa kowane seedling tare da adadin ƙasa mai kyau, dan kadan ya kwatanta shi.
Bayan daukana, ana bukatar shayar da su, kuma a hankali. Lokacin da ruwa ya cika, zai yiwu a sake shirya shi a kan taga sill, kuma yafi kyau don samar da inuwa ga seedlings don kwanakin farko don kada babu wuta akan ganye.
Babban abu shine saka idanu akan zafin jiki na ƙasa don kada ya fada a ƙasa + 15 ° C. Lokacin da ƙarshen watan Mayu ya kusa, yawancin al'adun sauran al'adu sun rigaya a buƙaci a shuka su. A wannan yanayin, sarari a kan windowsill zai kasance mafi. Saboda haka, kowanne barkono a cikin kwayoyin halitta, a cikin ainihin ma'anar kalmar, a jefa shi a cikin tukwane. Bugu da ƙari, wajibi ne a canja wuri tare da dunƙuler ƙasa zuwa tsohuwar ƙasa, amma tare da ƙarin nauyin superphosphate biyu da kuma itace ash.
Kafin dasa bishiyar barkono zuwa "wurin zama na dindindin", zai zama wajibi ne don ciyar da seedlings a kalla sau 2.
Lokaci na farko kana buƙatar gyara taki bayan makonni biyu, bayan haka sai a yi makonni biyu bayan an fara ciyarwa.
Ana amfani da takin mai magani a cikin ruwa, don su sauƙi shiga cikin ƙasa.
Yau, akwai ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyi da yawa waɗanda aka bunkasa musamman don seedlings.
Wannan shi ne zaka iya ciyar da barkono barkono tare da su.
Yanayin ingancin har sai seedlings da girma seedlings ba su canza ba, wato, kowane 5-6 days kowace seedling zai buƙatar a shayar da ruwa a dakin da zazzabi, kuma za ku buƙaci ruwa shi a tushen sabõda haka, dukan duniya pool a kan tushen samun rigar.
Ba zai yiwu a yi amfani da ruwan sanyi don ban ruwa ba, kamar yadda kawai ke shafar tushen tsarin matasa.
Girma seedlings kafin dasa shuki a ƙasa yana da mahimmanci, in ba haka ba tsire-tsire ba zai iya tsayayya da canjin canji a yanayin muhalli ba.
Kimanin makonni biyu kafin dasawa kana bukatar ka fara don yin amfani da sauti ga rana, gusts na iska, canjin yanayi.
Don yin wannan, zaka iya fitar da kwalaye na seedlings a kan baranda ko kawai bude taga.
Yana da muhimmanci a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki ba don daskare da seedlings.
Wannan zai faru idan zafin jiki ya sauko ƙasa + 15 ° C.
Har ila yau, bai kamata mu bari izinin samfurori ba, wanda zai iya cutar da kananan bushes.
Har ila yau, yana da ban sha'awa don karanta game da girma da barkono a cikin wani greenhouse.
Shuka seedlings a ƙasa
Lokacin da fara fara farawa a cikin seedlings, kuma yawancin zazzabi a kowace rana zai kasance cikin + 15 + + 17 ° C, to, zai yiwu a dasa dashi a ƙasa.
Ga barkono, abun da ke cikin ƙasa yana da mahimmanci, wato, ƙasar ba ta zama nauyi ba. Dole ne ƙasa ta yi kyau a daidaita don daidaitawa.
Tsakanin ƙananan ramuka kana buƙatar yin rago na akalla 50 cm, kuma tsakanin gadaje kusa - akalla 60 cm.
A cikin kowane rami, wanda kana buƙatar tono don ƙwanƙolin wucin gadi na seedling ya kasance a matakin kasa, kana buƙatar ƙara 1 tablespoon na taki da yawa da kuma haɗuwa. Sa'an nan kuma akwai buƙatar ka cire kowane seedling daga cikin akwati, kuma ba za ka iya karya bangaskiyarsu na coma ba.
Tushen ya kamata a nutse a cikin rijiyoyin, zuba kimanin kashi ɗaya na uku na guga da ruwa, kuma bayan shayar da ruwa, cika wuri mai kyau na rijiyar. Bayan kunyi barci kowace rami, ƙasa a kusa da ku yana buƙatar rufe shi da ciyawa - peat.
Idan ya cancanta, za ka iya shigar da goyon bayan kusa da kayan da kuma ƙulla sama matasa bushes. Idan dare yawan zafi ya kasa + 13 ... + 14 ° С, to, matasa barkono ya kamata a rufe polyethylene.
Duk da matsaloli tare da girma seedlings, Bulgarian barkono har yanzu ya kasance daya daga cikin ƙaunataccen kayan lambu. Zaku iya sayen tsaba, kuyi girma, sannan ku ji dadin 'ya'yan itatuwa masu haske.
