An sani cewa abinci mai kyau shine ɓangare na "tushe" na lafiyar mutum.
Wani ɓangare na salon rayuwa mai kyau shi ne amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari.
Daga wadannan abinci ne mutum ya sami abubuwa da aka sani da bitamin.
Lokacin zafi shine lokacin mafi kyau ga flowering da ripening daga 'ya'yan itatuwan da bishiyoyi.
Saboda haka, yana cikin lokacin rani cewa za mu iya samun kayan abinci daga kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa, da berries.
Daya daga cikin tushen bitamin shine pear.
Yi la'akari da wani kusa kungiyar na kayan zaki irin pears "Duchess". "Duchess pear" ya hada da nau'i biyu na pears - "Duchess summer" da "Duchess hunturu."
Description iri "Duchess rani"
Wani rukuni iri iri na "Duchess" ya shayar da shi daga mai shahararren masanin, mai suna Wheeler, da kuma Williams ya shimfiɗa wannan al'ada.
Itacen rani "Dushes" shi ne matsakaici-lokacin farin ciki ko rashin girma. Kambi yana da faɗi, tare da babban adadin ganye, yana da nau'i na dala. Ƙananan rawanin suna da manyan, suna da siffar m, santsi da haske, an nuna a karshen. Yawan furanni a cikin inflorescence ya kai 6-7 guda. Don wannan iri-iri ne halayyar daga baya kuma tsawon flowering. Bugu da ƙari, haɓakar furanni suna jurewa ta hanyar canje-canje a yanayin yanayi.
Girman Fetus zai iya zama matsakaici da babba, yana yin la'akari har zuwa 180g. Wannan siffar yana da hankulan wannan jinsunan, dan kadan oblong. Launi na 'ya'yan itace ya bambanta dangane da lokacin girbi: na farko, fatar jiki mai haske ne, sa'an nan kuma rawaya. Naman 'ya'yan itace mai dadi, mai launin launin ruwan mai, mai dadi. Saboda dandano, "Duchess rani" ana dauke daya daga cikin kayan ado mai kyau mafi kyau.
'Ya'yan itatuwa a kan bishiya sunyi zurfi har sai cikakke a ƙarshen Agusta. Kusan cikakke pears ba su rasa halayarsu don makonni biyu ba. Yawan amfanin wannan iri-iri yana da tsawo, kilo 230-250 na pears daga itace daya.
Kwayoyin cuta
-high yawan amfanin ƙasa
- dandano mai dadi
- kusan ba lalace ta hanyar scab
- lightness a cikin sufuri
- rashin bukatar bukatun ƙasa
Abubuwa marasa amfani
- mugun lalacewa ta hanyar aphids
-a matsakaicin mataki na jure yanayin fari da sanyi
Bayani iri-iri "Winter Duchess"
An fara "Winter Duchess" a Belgium. Tree yana da girma sosai, yana iya tsawon shekaru 7-8 bayan dasa. Yana da babban kambi a siffar wani dala. Bar suna elliptical, matsakaici matsakaici. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari Wannan nau'in yana da yawa, nauyin nauyi ya kai 350-400 g, wani lokacin 600 g. Suna da riguna mai cin gashin kayayyaki, launin launi mai launin launin ruwan rawaya da wuri mai ja.
Naman 'ya'yan itace ne mai farin, m, yana da dandano mai dadi. Duk da gaskiyar cewa 'ya'yan itatuwa na iya tsaya a kan itace na dogon lokaci, zasu iya fada saboda yanayin yanayi ko yanayin ƙasa, tun lokacin da dukkanin' ya'yan itace suna da yawa. Kada kayi amfani da amfanin gona maras tabbas, in ba haka ba duk abin da zai iya dandanawa zai rasa. Dangane da yawan amfanin ƙasa, masu nuna alamun suna da matsakaici (90-100 kilogiram na pears daga itace daya).
Girbi ya kamata a watan Oktoba. "Winter Duchess" yana da tsayayyar ripen lokacin ajiya ba tare da asarar dandano ba. Pears iya ripen har zuwa Disamba, kuma a cikin wuri mai sanyi za su iya karya har zuwa Mayu.
Kwayoyin cuta
- manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa
- babu lalacewa lokacin ajiya
-an iya yin ripen yayin ajiya
Abubuwa marasa amfani
-low sanyi juriya
- sprinkling na 'ya'yan itatuwa
ƙananan mataki na lalacewar scab
-Ya na dandano na dandano a lokacin girbi.
Yanayin shimfidar wuri
Mafi lokaci mai kyau don dasa shuki-pears - rabi na biyu na Afrilu, kafin hutu. Zai yiwu a dasa pears biyu a cikin ramuka, kuma a cikin shirye-shiryen da aka shirya a baya. Idan ƙasa ba ta da talauci, to, kana buƙatar yin rami don dasa shuki, kuma a cika cika ƙasa mai kyau, kuma kuna yin shi a cikin fall. Ramin wannan rami yana kusa da 1 m, diamita yana da 60-70 cm. Ba zai yiwu ba bishiyoyi suyi zurfi, saboda wannan zai haifar da mutuwar tsire-tsire.
Lokacin da dasa shuki, kada ku zuba kayan lambu a cikin rami, saboda wannan zai haifar da konewa a kan asalinsu. Zai fi kyau a "inganta" ƙasa tare da cakuda ƙasa mai kyau, takin da kuma peat (2-3 buckets da rami). Daga wannan cakuda kana buƙatar samar da mazugi da kuma rarraba asalin seedling a kai. Haka kuma, itace na gaba yana buƙatar goyon bayan iska, saboda haka kana buƙatar fitar da zurfin gungumen ƙasa a cikin ƙasa kuma ƙulla ƙwanƙolin ƙirar don tallafawa. Garter ya fi kyau a yi ta hanyar "takwas" don kauce wa lalacewar jikin.
Dukansu iri iri na kungiyar "Duchess" rashin kaifin kai, wato, su ma suna bukatar pollinator. Don rani "Dushes" ya dace da irin wannan pollinators kamar yadda Clapp, Favor Beauty, Bere Bosc, Olivier de Serre. Hakanan, hunturu "Duchesse" yana bukatar "Olivier de Serre", "Bere Ardanpon" da sauransu. Har ila yau wadannan nau'o'in suna bukatar kasa daban. Idan "Williams" ba shi da kyau ga ƙasa, to, hunturu "Duchesse" (ko hunturu Dean) yana bukatar ƙasa mai kyau a wurare masu dumi da kariya.
Har ila yau, yana da ban sha'awa don karantawa game da yadda aka dasa pears a cikin fall.
Pear kulawa
1) Watering
Dyushes itatuwa yi haƙuri da rashin danshi a cikin ƙasa, amma har yanzu suna bukatar a shayar. Girman irin wannan ban ruwa shine 2-3 buckets na ruwa a kowace shekara na rayuwar itace. Kuna buƙatar ruwa kafin flowering da bayan flowering (karshen May - farkon Yuni). Idan ya cancanta, zaka iya ruwa da bishiyoyi a cikin fall. Bayan ƙasa ta cika da danshi, dole ne a sassauta ƙasa don bude damar samun oxygen zuwa tushen tsarin.
2) Mulching
Mulching ita ce hanyar da dole ne ta kowane itace. Da farkon yanayin sanyi, tushen da ba a kare ba zai iya daskare, kuma a sakamakon haka, tsire-tsire ba za ta tsira har sai bazara. Mulching yana kare tsarin tushen daga zafin jiki. Pears ne mafi alhẽri ga ciyawa taki, humus. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, to, zaka iya amfani da weeds, ciyawa. Dole a yi amfani da Mulching kafin lokacin rage yanayin zafi, wato, a farkon - tsakiyar kaka.
3) Harbouring
Don kare pear daga lalacewar sanyi da iskar hunturu, wajibi ne a kunsa ɓangaren ƙananan akwati da yarnin auduga ko labarun rubutu. Bayan dusar ƙanƙara, kuna buƙatar tattara shi kamar yadda zai yiwu a cikin seedling. Snow ne mafi kyawun kariya daga tushen tsarin daga sanyi, amma a kan yanayin cewa babu mai tsanani frosts duk da haka.
Game da tsire-tsire masu girma, suna bukatar kariya daga hares. Don yin wannan, kana buƙatar yin ƙananan shinge kewaye da kowane itace ko shinge na kowane shafin.
4) Pruning
Ana yin mafi kyau a cikin bazara, kamar yadda a cikin hunturu lalacewa za a iya lalacewa ta yanayin zafi, kuma a lokacin rani, tare da rassan, ganye za a cire, wanda zai haifar da mummunan sakamako ga wani saurayi. A cikin shekarar farko, wajibi ne a yanke kusan ¼ tsakiyar ɓangaren gangar jikin, da kuma rassan da ke kai tsaye a sama da buds.
Saboda haka, pear ba zai girma ba kawai, amma kuma a cikin fadin, wanda zai haifar da fitowar sababbin buds. Amma shekara ta biyu wajibi ne a rage raguwa ta hanyar 20-25 cm, kuma daga rassan gefen don samar da mazugi mai kwalliya - rassan rassan ya kamata ya fi guntu fiye da ƙananan. Rage da gefen rassan iya zama 5-8 cm.
5) Taki
A cikin shekarar farko na ci gaba, pears ba sa bukatar karin abinci, domin sun inganta ƙasa a cikin rami a lokacin dasa. Mafi yawan taki za a yi amfani dashi a cikin fall. Ana buƙatar amfani da ma'adinai a kowace shekara, kwayoyin - sau ɗaya cikin shekaru 3. A 1 sq.m. Yana da kyawawa don ƙara 5-8 kg na takin gargajiya, 30-20 g na superphosphate, 20-30 g na potassium chloride, da kuma 20-25 of g ammonium nitrate. Duk wani dressing ya kamata a yi a cikin rami a zurfin 15-20 cm kewaye da kewaye na da'irar, wanda ya bayyana kambi.
6) Kariya
Tunda "Duchess" ya lalace ta hanyar scab da sucker, to sai kuyi la'akari da hanyoyi don kare bishiyoyi daga kwari.
Scab - daya daga cikin cututtuka da yawa na pear. Dukansu ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa da kansu za a iya fallasa su da naman gwari. Scab yana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar fadi. Dark spots bayyana a kan kamuwa da ganye da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Yana yiwuwa a yakin wannan cuta ta hanyar zalunta bishiyoyi da 1% Bordeaux ruwa ko 0.5% jan karfe oxychloride bayani a lokacin hutu hutu da kuma a karshen flowering. Har ila yau wajibi ne a ƙone tsoffin ganye da kuma noma ƙasa a kusa da itacen tare da bayani mai 0.3% nitrafen.
Pear sucker hibernates a cikin fadi ganye, 'ya'yan itace buds. Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa ta wurin kwanciya a cikin kodan da koda. Medianitsa yana sa tsutsa daga itacen, saboda haka ya raunana. Don magance ƙwayar cuta, wajibi ne a yi amfani da bishiyoyi da goge-gwaje-gwaje, karbofos (90g da lita 10 na ruwa), da dai sauransu kafin dasa shuki. Don halakar da larvae daga cikin sucker a lokacin karuwa mai girma na pear ya zama dole don aiwatar da itace tare da kwayoyin organophosphate
